This file is currently a random pile of useful information... someday it'll be ordered in a coherent format. * Error: "error: could not locate */Docs/opcodes.txt. exiting" ucxt needs to find the abovementioned file for details of the opcodes. You either need to run ucxt in the path exult/usecode/ucxt or add the following to exult.cfg: (inside the tag) (the path to ucxt goes here (eg: /home/st/exult/usecode/ucxt/data)) * Error: "Failed to locate usecode file. Exiting." ucxt attempts to locate the exult.cfg file to find the locations of black gate (ultima7) and serpent isle (serpent). ucxt hunts for the usecode file under all permutations of the following filenamesthe following filenames: $MAINPATH = (bg path from exult.cfg) | (si path from exult.cfg) | "ultima7" | "ULTIMA7" | "serpent" | "SERPENT" $STATICPATH = "static" | "STATIC" $USECODENAME = "usecode" | "USECODE" $MAINPATH/$STATICPATH/$USECODE $STATICPATH/$USECODE $USECODE It also searches under: usecode.u7 usecode.si It's a mess, but I'm trying to be thorough. ***** Original ucdump.cc history, credits and stuff. ***** ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ultima 7 usecode dump/disassembly utility Distributed under GPL Maintainer: Maxim S. Shatskih aka Moscow Dragon (maxim__s@mtu-net.ru) History: - originally written June 99 by Maxim S. Shatskih aka Moscow Dragon (maxim__s@mtu-net.ru) Thanks to Keldon Jones (keldon@umr.edu) and Wouter Dijklslag aka Wody Dragon (wody@wody.demon.nl) for their help 11-Oct-99 - added "function search by opcode & intrinsic" feature - added "unknown opcode & intrinsic counting" feature 12-Oct-99 - the good deal of intrinsic functions is now known See source file comments for the description of usecode opcodes & intrinsic functions (the latter one differs between BG & SI) Some general usecode ideas: - usecode functions 0x0-0x3ff are shape handlers - called on double-clicks & other event with appropriate shapes - usecode functions 0x401-0x4ff are NPC handlers - called on double-clicks & other event with appropriate NPCs - NPCID + 0x400 (401 for Iolo, 417 for LB etc). - usecode functions 0x500-0x5ff is for Wisps & guards (nonNPC characters able to talk) (these ranges seems to be hardcoded) - stack machine used to execute bytecodes - the machine's state is: stack local variables(forgotten on function exit, first N of them are call arguments - first pushed is 0, next are 1, 2...) game flags ItemRef (???seems to be valid only for top-level functions-event handlers or maybe is persistent till quitting usecode executuion???) EventID (???seems to be valid only for top-level functions-event handlers or maybe is persistent till quitting usecode executuion???) - game flags are bytes treated as booleans (0/1), persistent across engine shutdown/restart and stored as a simple array (??? 0 or 1 based. Don't remember. Flag 3 means - Tetrahedron is down, flag 4 means - Sphere is down) in GAMEDAT\FLAGINIT. - usecode can also manipulate items & NPCs by means of intrinsic functions - "add" opcode can sum strings (concatenation). Also it can add integer to string - any array operations can be peformed on scalar values. In fact, each scalar value is treated by the array operations as an array with a single element. Vice versa is also true - for instance, ItemsNearItem() function returns an array. Sometimes it is used in enum/next loop as an array, but sometimes it is used as an itemref. - array indices are 1-based as in VB - itemref is a unique ID of the given item. For NPCs, itemref is (-NPCID). For other items, itemrefs seems to be non-persistent (not saved to savegame & re-invented on each engine startup)??? indexes into engine's item lists - there is a value called "referent" which identifies item & stored in U7IBUF Maybe Itemref is the same thing? - -356 is always an Itemref for Avatar. So, Avatar's NPC ID is possibly 356. - usecode execution starts from the event handler function. It is called by the engine without arguments (double-click) in some cases. ItemRef & EventID are set before entering usecode. - the easiest case is double-click on some item. In this case, a usecode event handler function called. Function ID usually matches the shape's Type number or is (NPCID + 0x400) for NPCs. ItemRef is set to the item double-clicked, EventID is set to 1 (double-click). - other causes for the engine to call usecode function: - events scheduled by intrinsic functions 1 & 2 have EventID 2 - item is put on another item - the underlying item's handler is called with EventID 3 (Penumbra's plaque) - usecode Egg - also calls a function with EventID 3 - use item as a weapon (flammable oil) - EventID 4 - NPC being beaten to death (examples: Hook in BG, Dracothaxus in FoV, Pomdirgun & Rotoluncia in SI) - 7 in SI??? - Avatar & NPC approaching to some distance??? - 9 in SI - hex coords to sextant coords - ( x - 933 ) / 10, ( y - 1134 ) / 10 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ***** Original ucdump Intrinsic Function Table Follows. ***** ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /* Embedded function table for Black Gate */ const char* bg_func_table[] = { /* Random1(Hi) - Returns a random integer or from 1 to Hi inclusively Used to select a random party member for remarks */ "Random1", /* 0 */ /* Takes itemref + array of several integers. Executes a macro for this itemref Macro opcodes: either 0x35 or 0x45 - deletes an item (fire caused by the flaming oil) 0x46 - sets item's frame number to integer (rotating crossbeam while opening the portcullis gate) 0x52 - the same as ItemSay() function 0x55 - call a usecode event for the item 0x56 - Guardian's phrase with given number All spells use this function - if current weather is 3 - 606 is called instead of the second part of the spell engine (magic negation field at Ambrosia, Armageddon is blocked after shouting 1st mantra & before shouting second). */ "MacroExec", /* 1 */ /* Takes itemref + array of several integers + one more integer The same as above - but schedules a macro for execution later (use a serpent venom on somebody - first raises stats, then - after some time - lower them) Can also shout exclamations - "Call it... Heads... Its tails..." - double-click on money. */ "MacroDelay", /* 2 */ /* SwitchTalkTo(itemref, face_frame) - switches conversation to other NPC, selecting one of possible face pictures Shows the face in the bottom of the screen if the face on top was not hidden yet Switching talk to -277 means - huge reg Guardian semi-transparent face */ "SwitchTalkTo", /* 3 */ /* HideNPC(itemref) - hides NPC face away from the conversation */ "HideNPC", /* 4 */ /* AddAnswer(str_or_array) - adds a answer or set of answers to */ /* the set of talk threads suggested */ "AddAnswer", /* 5 */ /* RemoveAnswer(str) - removes a given string from set of talk threads suggested */ "RemoveAnswer", /* 6 */ /* SaveTalkStartNew() - saves the conversation state & starts */ /* new blank set of talk answers suggested */ "SaveTalkStartNew", /* 7 */ /* RestoreTalk() - restores set of answers suggested */ /* as was saved in SaveTalkStartNew() */ "RestoreTalk", /* 8 */ /* EmptyTalk() - removes all talk answers Looks like the same as "cla" opcode */ "EmptyTalk", /* 9 */ /* GetAnswer() - asks user to select one of the talk threads & returns it Practically the same functionality as "ask" opcode */ "GetAnswer", /* a */ /* GetAnswerIndex() - asks user to select one of the talk threads & returns the 1-based index of it instead the text itself */ "GetAnswerIndex", /* b */ /* AskNumber(min, max, step, default) - asks user a number by showing a slider */ /* with given parameters */ "AskNumber", /* c */ /* SetItemType(itemref, type) - changes a type of given item to the new value */ "SetItemType", /* d */ /* AreItemsNearNPC(NPCID, type, distance) - returns boolean whether there are items of such Type at the given distance from the given NPC. Distance -1 means - screen borders */ "AreItemsNearNPC", /* e */ /* PlaySoundEffect(sound_num) - plays a given effect soundtrack */ "PlaySoundEffect", /* f */ /* Random2(lo, hi) - returns a random integer from lo to hi inclusively */ "Random2", /* 10 */ /* GetItemType(itemref) - returns a "type" value of the item */ "GetItemType", /* 11 */ /* GetItemFrame(itemref) - returns a "frame" value of the item */ "GetItemFrame", /* 12 */ /* SetItemFrame(itemref, frame) - sets a "frame" value for the item */ "SetItemFrame", /* 13 */ /* GetItemQuality(itemref) - returns a "quality" value of the item */ "GetItemQuality", /* 14 */ /* SetItemQuality(itemref, quality) - sets a "quality" value for the item (Penumbra's plaque) Returns old quality??? */ "SetItemQuality", /* 15 */ NULL, /* 16 */ NULL, /* 17 */ /* GetItemCoords(itemref) - parameter is itemref returned by ItemSelectModal(), returns array The array is 2 item's coordinates - array[1], array[2] */ "GetItemCoords", /* 18 */ NULL, /* 19 */ NULL, /* 1a */ /* GetNPCID(itemref) - returns NPCID from Itemref - possibly does-nothing function??? Accepts values like -2 for Spark or -356 for Avatar on input */ "GetNPCID", /* 1b */ /* GetNPCClass(NPCID) - returns a number specifying the NPC class - fighter/sage/shopkeeper etc. Used in exclamations like "Oh my aching back!" 10 seems to be Noble (Finnegan & his aching back :-) ) Or maybe this is GetNPCActivity??? */ "GetNPCClass", /* 1c */ /* SetNPCActivity(NPCID, activity) - sets an NPC activity 11 - Loiter (leave with "go home") 15 - Wait (leave with "wait here") ??? in cheat menu order? */ "SetNPCActivity", /* 1d */ /* JoinNPC(itemref) - joins NPC to the party This seems to only set Party flag on - the same effect as doing this in cheat mode ???in BG, unusual companions (joined by cheat) will not be shown in Inventory/Ztats gumps. Where this information (whether the NPC is a usual companion) is kept? In SI, they will (I saw Rotoluncia's Ztats - though no 2 keys + a wand usually taken from her when dead in inventory. Trying to display Vasculio's Ztats hung the game) - but headless :-) Once more - it is kept somewhere... */ "JoinNPC", /* 1e */ /* DismissNPC(itemref) - dismisses NPC from the party */ "DismissNPC", /* 1f */ /* GetNPCStat(NPCID, property_id) - returns NPC's statistic value (9 is food level, 0 is Strength, 3 is Hits, ) (1 & 4 seems to be Training & Combat???) Vas Mani (Restoration) spell is a good example */ "GetNPCStat", /* 20 */ /* ChangeNPCStat(itemref, property_id, delta) - increments (or decrements for negative delta) NPC's statistic value. */ "ChangeNPCStat", /* 21 */ /* AvatarNPCID() - returns Avatar's NPC ID */ "AvatarNPCID", /* 22 */ /* GetPartyMembers() - returns the array of NPCs which are party members currently */ /* ??? NPC IDs returned??? */ "GetPartyMembers", /* 23 */ /* CreateItem(Type) - creates an item of given Type, returns itemref Must be followed by SetItemFrame()??? */ "CreateItem", /* 24 */ NULL, /* 25 */ NULL, /* 26 */ /* GetNPCName(npc_id_or_array) - returns an NPC name by NPC ID Returns an array of names if array was specified */ "GetNPCName", /* 27 */ /* Counts the amount of party gold if called as Func28(-357, 644, -359, -359) 644 is for sure the Type of gold heap 649 is for sure the Type of serpent venom 839 for hourglass Last parameter seems to be the frame number of the items - -359 means "any" */ "CountNoItems", /* 28 */ /* Returns itemref of the given item in Avatar's (or party's??? - parameter 4???) posessions 0 if no such item Func28(-357, 761, -359, -359) - spellbook. Func28(-357, 839, -359, 0) - Nicodemus's hourglass (known as Hourglass Of Fate in SI). */ "ReturnItemsItemRef", /* 29 */ /* GetContainerItems(container_itemref, type, quality, ???) - returns an array */ /* ??? of itemrefs */ "GetContainerItems", /* 2a */ /* Reduces the amount of party gold if called Func2b(delta, 644, -359, -359, true) Reduces the amount of party eggs if called Func2b(delta, 377, -359, 24, true) */ "ReduceNoItems", /* 2b */ /* Increases the amount of party gold if called Func2c(delta, 644, -359, -359, true) Returns false if party is overloaded & cannot accept this */ "IncreaceNoItems", /* 2c */ /* Not used at all */ NULL, /* 2d */ /* PlayMusic(song#, itemref) - plays a MIDI music track. */ /* Song# = 255 means - mute the MIDI channel. */ "PlayMusic", /* 2e */ /* IsNPCInParty(npc_id) - returns true if given NPC is in party, */ /* otherwise returns false */ "IsNPCInParty", /* 2f */ /* Takes a Type(???), returns an array of all visible items/NPCs of this type */ NULL, /* 30 */ /* IsNPCxxx(itemref) - returns true if given NPC is ????? */ NULL, /* 31 */ /* DisplaySign(gump#, array_of_strings) - displays a sign/plaque */ /* of given gump number & given text (array of strings or single string). */ "DisplaySign", /* 32 */ /* ItemSelectModal() - switches the engine to cross-cursor "use" mode. Returns an itemref of the item selected by user by single-click. Does not return till user will single-click on something. The entity returned can be treated as array with coords at array[2], array[3] */ "ItemSelectModal", /* 33 */ /* Not used at all */ NULL, /* 34 */ /* ItemsNearItem(itemref, type, distance, ???) - returns an array of items of given Type which are closer then Distance to the item specified by Itemref Parameter 4 is possibly frame number to compare??? Type of -1 means - all NPC??? (Fear spell) (Powder keg & cannon ball near the cannon) */ "ItemsNearItem", /* 35 */ /* Takes an NPCID as a single parameter, seems to return the amount of free space in its inventory */ NULL, /* 36 */ NULL, /* 37 */ /* GetTimeHour() - returns hour part of current game time - 0-23 */ "GetTimeHour", /* 38 */ /* GetTimeMinute() - returns minute part of current game time - 0-59 */ "GetTimeMinute", /* 39 */ /* GetItemRef(NPCID) - returns Itemref from NPCID - possibly does-nothing function??? */ "GetItemRef", /* 3a */ NULL, /* 3b */ /* GetNPCxxx(NPCID) - returns the same??? NPC mode as set in function 3d */ NULL, /* 3c */ /* SetNPCxxx(NPCID, mode) - ???sets some NPC mode often called with mode=2 before entering combat ???alignment */ NULL, /* 3d */ /* TeleportItem(itemref, array) - teleports an NPC array[1] - X coord array[2] - Y coord array[3] - height Help spell calls this with (3a8, 47a, 0) array - LB throne room Recall spell calls this with (5aa, 500, 0) array (House of the Dead) - in some cases. Also interesting location - (217, 489, 0) - back from the Sphere. Function 6cf teleports there is Sphere is not destroyed & party does not posesses item 0x347 (the hourglass, maybe parameter 4 in 0x28 checks the Frame number to check whether the hourglass is enchanted??? BTW - there is a known bug in BG that sometimes you can enter the Sphere with non-enchanted hourglass - cause???) What are these locations? */ "TeleportItem", /* 3e */ /* VanishNPC(NPCID) - only parameter is NPCID, no return value Called in eventid 2 for the plaque - never mind what - and NPC -23 (LB) - plaque falling on LB's head Called on Weston (-69) when LB frees him Called on Batlin (GetNPCID(-26)) when he vanishes, feeling the Cube at Avatar's posession Called on -214 in Vesper - when Yvella want to tell Catherine's father & Mara something.... Called on Kreg/Kraig(-245) after he laughs when invis. potion is given to him Called on Addom (-164) after Brion attaches to crystal & completes the orrery viewer Called on -156 (Balayna???) when Rankin says he did not see Balayna for some time Called on all Scara Brae ghosts in For Each loop when Forsythe jumps into the Well The exact logic is not clear - what appears with the vanished NPC? Where it is teleported??? */ "VanishNPC", /* 3f */ /* ItemSay(itemref, str) - displays a string on the screen near the specified item */ "ItemSay", /* 40 */ NULL, /* 41 */ /* GetItemZCoord(itemref) - returns Z coordinate of the item */ "GetItemZCoord", /* 42 */ /* SetItemZCoord(itemref, coord) - sets a Z coordinate for the item */ "SetItemZCoord", /* 43 */ /* GetWeather() - returns current weather - 0-3 3 seems to negate magic */ "GetWeather", /* 44 */ /* SetWeather(weather) - sets new current weather - 0-3 */ "SetWeather", /* 45 */ NULL, /* 46 */ /* SummonCreature(Type, boolean) - engine under Kal Bet Xen (Swarm), Kal Xen (???) an Kal Vas Xen (Summon). Summons a creature of given Type. Second parameter is true only for Kal Vas Xen Return value??? */ "SummonCreature", /* 47 */ /* Shows a map of Britannia. Double-click on the map, Vas Wis (Peer) spell or reading the Brommer's Britannia book */ "ShowMap", /* 48 */ /* KillNPC(itemref) - kills the given NPC. Owen's suicide is this function alone. Plaque falling on LB's head - KillNPC, then VanishNPC. Balayna takes the vial from you & dies - this function alone Death bolt spell uses it too. These are all occurences. */ "KillNPC", /* 49 */ /* Some kind of comparing 2 numbers (2 params) - returns boolean Used to compare somebody' Strength to item's Quality */ "???", /* 4a */ /* SetNPCAttackMode(NPCID, mode) - sets a combat mode for the NPC Mode 7 is Fleeing - others are in men Fear spell, using dirty diapers on people (it is the same as Fear spell) - mode 7 LB attacking in an LB cheat room - mode 0 */ "SetNPCAttackMode", /* 4b */ /* SetTargetNPCToAttack(attacker_NPCID, target_NPCID) - sets target NPC to attack ??? how it is called in a cheat menu? Usually called with Avatar as target NPC */ "SetTargetNPCToAttack", /* 4c */ /* CloneNPC(NPCID) - clones an NPC - Clone spell Returns something - return value never used. */ "CloneNPC", /* 4d */ /* Not used at all */ NULL, /* 4e */ /* ShowCrystalBall(coords_array) - shows a crystal ball view of a given world point */ "ShowCrystalBall", /* 4f */ /* ShowWizardEye(parm1, parm2) - shows a view for telescope or Wizard Eye spell For telescope - ShowWizardEye(10000, 1000) For Wizard Eye spell - ShowWizardEye(45, 200) */ "ShowWizardEye", /* 50 */ /* ResurrectNPC(itemref) - resurrects an NPC. Itemref is a dead body's itemref Returns false is cannot resurrect - LB in this case says "Alas..." and then about burial. ???what is the cause of such LB's behaviour? */ "ResurrectNPC", /* 51 */ /* AddSpellToBook(spellnum, 0, spellbook_itemref) - Adds a new spell to the spellbook Returns false if there was already such spell in the book Maybe calling with 1 (never called such in BG) will remove the spell from the book? */ "AddSpellToBook", /* 52 */ /* ExecuteSprite(sprite, coordx, coordy, speedx, speedy, ???, ???) - executes an explosion-like sprite First parameter is sprite number in SPRITES.VGA speedx & speedy are non zero is the sprite floats away (smoke from smokebomb) Last parameters is usually -1 (not so for smokebomb) */ "ExecuteSprite", /* 53 */ /* Powder keg burst??? */ NULL, /* 54 */ /* DisplayBook(itemref) - Displays book or scroll Text will be displayed further by "say" opcode */ "DisplayBook", /* 55 */ /* StopTime(???) - freezes all NPCs for some time. Parameter is duration???? Type 6be object (Egg???) calls this with its Quality as a parameter on eventid 3 Also called in Stop Time spell with the parameter 100 */ "StopTime", /* 56 */ /* CauseLight(duration) - Glimmer/Light/Great Light spell logic duration is 110 for Glimmer, 500 for Light, 5000 for Great Light */ "CauseLight", /* 57 */ /* itemref as a parameter, returns some boolean... ???NPC is on barge At least true return from this blocks Mark spell - even mantra is not shouted */ "???", /* 58 */ /* CauseEarthquake(???) - causes an earthquake. Parameter is 40 for Armageddon spell & variable for Tremor spell Also called from func 85e (Forsythe jumping in the Well of Souls) - with parameter 15 */ "CauseEarthquake", /* 59 */ /* IsPlayerFemale() - returns 0 if male, 1 if female */ "IsPlayerFemale", /* 5a */ /* CauseArmageddon() - all logic of Armageddon spell except shouting mantras, weather change, earthquake, & setting the game flag which affects Batlin's & LB's behaviour. Walks through the all NPC list & makes all of the Dead with Hits < 0 Called also in LB's cheat room - "Busted, you thieving...." */ "CauseArmageddon", /* 5b */ /* Sets NPC to some state - like VanishNPC() or KillNPC() */ "???", /* 5c */ /* CauseBlackout() - darken the whole screen for some time */ "CauseBlackout", /* 5d */ /* ArraySize(a) - returns number of elements in the array */ "ArraySize", /* 5e */ /* Something for Mark spell??? */ "???", /* 5f */ /* Called only once, something in a Recall spell Called after setting activity to 31 (Follow Avatar) to all party members and resetting flag 0x39 (what is it???) No return value, single parameter which is itemref */ NULL, /* 60 */ /* Called only once, parameters are NPC strength, 0, 12, 3 Return value exists but not used */ NULL, /* 61 */ /* IsUnderTheRoof() - returns true if the party is under the roof. Sextant (twill) will not work under the roof. Also used in some place (???) where it causes a shout "Try it outside!" */ "IsUnderTheRoof", /* 62 */ /* SetOrreryState(coords_array, status) - sets the state of the planets in Brion's orrery. Coords are usually ordinary orrery coords - array of 2 integers. (59c, b4c) status is a small integer which influences the state of the planets. */ "SetOrreryState", /* 63 */ /* Not used at all */ NULL, /* 64 */ NULL, /* 65 */ NULL, /* 66 */ NULL, /* 67 */ NULL, /* 68 */ /* Function 0x69 - GetSpeechTrack() Returns a speech track number previously set by SetSpeech() */ "GetSpeechTrack", /* 69 */ NULL, /* 60 */ NULL, /* 6a */ NULL, /* 6b */ NULL, /* 6c */ NULL, /* 6d */ NULL, /* 6e */ /* Function 0x6f - DeleteItem(itemref) Deletes an item */ "DeleteItem", /* 6f */ /* Function 0x75 - SetSpeech(speech_number) Remembers a speech track number, returns false if speech effects are disabled or no sound card */ /* Function 0x75 - StartEndGame(boolean). TRUE is successful endgame (wand against the gate), FALSE is unsuccessful (passing through the gate) */ /* Function 0x76 - FireCannon(cannon_itemref, fire_direction, ball_type, ???, cannon_type, cannon_type). Fires a cannon in specified direction */ /* Function 0x7e - PlaySpeech() Plays a speech track set by SetSpeech() */ /* Function 0x88 - GetNPCFlag(Itemref, flagno). Flagno 1 is Slept Flagno 8 is Poisoned Flag 25 causes people to say "Oink!" Returns boolean Or maybe not only NPC flag? - see the very first function on sails & gangplanks... ??? Suggestion. Flagno 10 is "on barge" flag which is set when the NPC is unmovable and mouse controls barge itself (sitting on ship/carpet/cart). A reasonable one. Needs checking. */ /* Function 0x89 - SetNPCFlag(itemref, flagno). Flagno 1 is Slept Flagno 8 is Poisoned Sets flag to true */ /* Function 0x8a - ResetNPCFlag(itemref, flagno). Flagno 1 is Slept Flagno 8 is Poisoned Sets flag to false */ }; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ***** Opcode Table from ucdump.cc Follows. ***** ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /* Opcode table - common to BG & SI */ const opcode_desc opcode_table[] = { { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 00 */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 01 */ /* Next iteration of For Each-style loop Operands are 1,2, , , is set to next value from Jumps to if array ended ??? what are 1,2? Are they used? */ { "next", 10, EFF_RELATIVE_JUMP }, /* 02 */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 03 */ /* Asks user to select one the talk answers Jumps where specified if no answer available */ { "ask", 2, EFF_RELATIVE_JUMP }, /* 04 */ /* Pops a value from the top of stack, jump if false, zero or empty array */ { "jne", 2, EFF_RELATIVE_JUMP }, /* 05 */ /* jump */ { "jmp", 2, EFF_RELATIVE_JUMP }, /* 06 */ /* Pops the top-of-stack string & jumps if the string is NOT the last talk answer ??? first operand seems to be always 1 */ { "jmpa", 4, EFF_RELATIVE_JUMP }, /* 07 */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 08 */ /* Adds two values on the stack, popping them & pushing result Can be used to add integer to string - in this case integer is converted to string and 2 strings are concatenated */ { "add", 0, EFF_BIMATH }, /* 09 */ /* Decrements second value of the stack by first value, popping them & pushing result */ { "sub", 0, EFF_BIMATH }, /* 0a */ /* Divides second value of the stack by first value, popping them & pushing result */ { "div", 0, EFF_BIMATH }, /* 0b */ /* Multiplies two values on the stack, popping them & pushing result */ { "mul", 0, EFF_BIMATH }, /* 0c */ /* Divides second value of the stack by first value, popping them & pushing reminder */ { "mod", 0, EFF_BIMATH }, /* 0d */ /* Boolean AND on two values on stack, popping them & pushing result Top-of-stack variable is the left one in case of string addition */ { "and", 0, EFF_BIMATH }, /* 0e */ /* Boolean OR on two values on stack, popping them & pushing result */ { "or", 0, EFF_BIMATH }, /* 0f */ /* Inverts a boolean value on top of stack */ { "not", 0, EFF_UNIMATH }, /* 10 */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 11 */ /* Pops a stack value to given local variable */ { "pop", 2, EFF_POP }, /* 12 */ /* Pushes a TRUE boolean value on the stack */ { "push\ttrue", 0, EFF_PUSH }, /* 13 */ /* Pushes a FALSE boolean value on the stack */ { "push\tfalse", 0, EFF_PUSH }, /* 14 */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 15 */ /* Pops 2 values from the stack, pushes boolean value - TRUE if second value "?" then first (where "?" can be greater, greater or equal etc...) */ { "cmpgt", 0, EFF_CMP }, /* 16 */ { "cmplt", 0, EFF_CMP }, /* 17 */ { "cmpge", 0, EFF_CMP }, /* 18 */ { "cmple", 0, EFF_CMP }, /* 19 */ { "cmpne", 0, EFF_CMP }, /* 1a */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 1b */ /* Adds a string from data segment to string register current contents */ { "addsi", 2, EFF_STUPIDEFF }, /* 1c */ /* Pushes a string value given by 16bit string offset in data segment to stack */ { "pushs", 2, EFF_STUPIDEFF }, /* 1d */ /* Pops specified number of values from stack, builds an array from them & pushes it on the stack Pushes the empty array to top of the stack if operand is 0 */ { "arrc", 2, EFF_STUPIDEFF }, /* 1e */ /* Pushes immediate 16bit integer to stack */ { "pushi", 2, EFF_PUSH }, /* 1f */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 20 */ /* Pushes a local variable on stack */ { "push", 2, EFF_PUSH }, /* 21 */ /* Compares 2 values on the stack, pops them & pushes TRUE if they are equal */ { "cmpeq", 0, EFF_CMP }, /* 22 */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 23 */ /* Calls a usecode function - function number is 0-based index to externs array */ { "call", 2, EFF_SINGLELINE }, /* 24 */ /* Return from function without result returned on the stack */ { "ret", 0, EFF_SINGLELINE }, /* 25 */ /* Uses the top-of-stack value to index (1-based) the array variable, pops index & pushes result - the value from the array */ { "aget", 2, EFF_SINGLELINE }, /* 26 */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 27 */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 28 */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 29 */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 2a */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 2b */ /* ??? Looks like to be the same as "exit" ??? Suggestion: maybe "exit" is for functions, while "exit2" is for event handlers? */ { "exit2", 0, EFF_EXIT | EFF_SINGLELINE }, /* 2c */ /* Pop the top-of-stack value & sets it as a return value */ { "popr", 0, EFF_STUPIDEFF }, /* 2d */ /* Opens a new For Each-style enumeration loop. Always followed by "next" opcode??? */ { "enum", 0, 0 }, /* 2e */ /* Adds local variable's string value to string register current contents */ { "addsv", 2, EFF_STUPIDEFF }, /* 2f */ /* If (top-of-stack - 1) value is in top-of-stack array, pushes true, otherwise pushes false - after popping array & value */ { "in", 0, EFF_STUPIDEFF }, /* 30 */ /* Something strange with 2 varrefs (???) as operands Appears in BG only - in talk to Raymundo in the Theatre - trying to sing a song I -am- the Avatar (function: 08D1H) */ { "???", 4, 0 }, /* 31 */ /* Return with a result returned on the stack */ { "retr", 0, EFF_STUPIDEFF }, /* 32 */ /* Displays the string register value (to current talk, sign, scroll or book), string register emptied */ { "say", 0, EFF_STUPIDEFF }, /* 33 */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 34 */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 35 */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 36 */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 37 */ /* Calls engine's intrinsic function with specified number of parameters (popping them). The return value remains on stack */ { "callis", 3, EFF_STUPIDEFF }, /* 38 */ /* Calls engine's intrinsic function with specified number of parameters (popping them). No return value */ { "calli", 3, EFF_SINGLELINE }, /* 39 */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 3a */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 3b */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 3c */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 3d */ /* Pushes identifier of the item ( for which the usecode event handler is called ) on the stack */ { "push\titemref", 0, EFF_PUSH }, /* 3e */ /* Aborts the function & all usecode execution, returning to the engine */ { "exit", 0, EFF_SINGLELINE }, /* 3f */ /* Removes all answers from the current talk */ { "cla", 0, 0 }, /* 40 */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 41 */ /* Pushes game flag's value (boolean) on the stack */ { "pushf", 2, EFF_PUSH }, /* 42 */ /* Pops the stack value to the game flag (boolean) */ { "popf", 2, EFF_POP }, /* 43 */ /* Pushes an immediate byte to the stack */ { "pushbi", 1, EFF_PUSH }, /* 44 */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 45 */ /* Uses the top-of-stack value to index (1-based) the array variable, (top-of-stack - 1) as the new value, and updates a value in the array slot (local variable specified in the operand) */ { "aput", 2, EFF_ARRAY | EFF_SINGLELINE }, /* 46 */ /* Call of usecode function - function # is the operand ???Suggestion: functions are divided into event handlers (called by external code and the usecode) and functions (called by usecode only). "calle" is used to call the event handler from the usecode, while "call" is used to call a function */ { "calle", 2, 0 }, /* 47 */ /* Pushes the cause of usecode event handler call on the stack */ /* (double-click on item is be 1, NPC death seems to be 7 in SI and 2 in BG ) */ { "push\teventid", 0, EFF_PUSH }, /* 48 */ { NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 49 */ /* Pops the value from the stack and adds it to array on the top of stack */ /* or pops both values from the stack, builds an array from them */ /* & pushes it on the stack if neither of them are arrays */ { "arra", 0, EFF_STUPIDEFF }, /* 4a */ /* Pops the top-of-stack value & sets the cause of usecode event handler to it (double-click on item is be 1, NPC death seems to be 7 in SI and 2 in BG ) Used to call event handlers from the usecode */ { "pop\teventid", 0, 0 }, /* 4b */ }; ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------