/*! \page pool Using Connection Pool

\section pool_using Using Connection Pooling

CppDB provides two ways to use connection pooling:

-# Transparent - by setting a connection string option "@pool_size=N" where N is positive integer.
-# Direct - by using cppdb::pool object directly.

The first is the most simple case, it works fully transparently and only thing that should
be changed is a connection string. Such that

\code
cppdb::session sql("sqlite3:db=test.db;@pool_size=10");
\endcode

Would automatically use connections pool and not require using any additional effort.

On the other hand it has its own downsides - use of global singleton instance of the connections.
It may give a chance that unrelated components of same software that use same connection
string may interfere each other, set different connection options, etc.

So libraries should prefer to use explicit pool object.

\code
// Create the pool
cppdb::pool::pointer my_pool = cppdb::pool::create("sqlite3:db=test.db");

// Use the pool
cppdb::session sql(my_pool->open());
// When sql is destroyed the
// connection is returned to the pool
\endcode

This allows to use pool outside the global \ref cppdb::connections_manager.

\section pool_conn_opt Configuring a Connection

It is useful to be able to setup some generic session options that are usually 
set only once and kept during all the session. It may be things like
transaction isolation level, durability options and more.

When you use connections pool it would be very useful to distinguish between
the newly created connection and other, recycled from the pool.

It can be done using \ref cppdb::session::once_called() member function
or simply by using \ref cppdb::session::once() function with a callback
that is promised to be called only once per new connection.

For example:

\code
void config(cppdb::session &sql)
{
  sql << "PRAGMA read_uncommited=1" << cppdb::exec;
}
...

cppdb::session sql(conn_str);
sql.once(config); // called for new connections only
sql << ... ;
\endcode

Please note that any function like object that receive as 
a parameter the sql sesion can be used as callback:

\code
struct config {
  int uncommited;
  void operator()(cppdb::session &sql) const // operator ()
  {
    sql << "PRAGMA read_uncommited=?" << uncommited << cppdb::exec;
  }
  config(int val ) : uncommited(val)
  {
  }
};

...
cppdb::session sql(conn_str);
sql.once(config(commit_mode)); // called for new connections only
sql << ... ;

\endcode

\section pool_conn_specific Connection Specific Data

If more complex configuration of the session is required it is possible to
associate any user object with a connection using \ref cppdb::connection_specific_data.

User can derive his own classes from it and store it withing a connection object. For example

\code
struct my_data : public cppdb::connection_specific_data {
  int foo;
  std::string bar 
};
...

my_data *p=sql.get_specific<my_data>();
// check if it exists
if(!p) { 
   // if not create one and assign one
   p = new my_data();
   sql.reset_specific(p);
}
p->foo++;
...
\endcode


*/