#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (c), 2018-2025, SISSA (International School for Advanced Studies).
# All rights reserved.
# This file is distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
# See the file 'LICENSE' in the root directory of the present
# distribution, or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT.
#
# @author Davide Brunato <brunato@sissa.it>
#
#
# Note: Many tests are built using the examples of the XPath standards,
#       published by W3C under the W3C Document License.
#
#       References:
#           http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xpath-19991116/
#           http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/REC-xpath20-20101214/
#           http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/REC-xpath-functions-20101214/
#           https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/2015/doc-license
#           https://www.w3.org/TR/charmod-norm/
#
import unittest
import io
import locale
import os
from decimal import Decimal
from textwrap import dedent
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

from elementpath import XPath2Parser, XPathContext, XPathSchemaContext, \
    MissingContextError, ElementNode, select, iter_select, get_node_tree, XPathFunction
from elementpath.datatypes import builtin_atomic_types, DateTime, Date, Date10, \
    Time, Timezone, DayTimeDuration, YearMonthDuration, UntypedAtomic, QName
from elementpath.namespaces import XPATH_FUNCTIONS_NAMESPACE
from elementpath.collations import get_locale_category
from elementpath.sequence_types import is_instance
from elementpath.xpath_tokens import ProxyToken

try:
    from tests import test_xpath1_parser
except ImportError:
    import test_xpath1_parser

try:
    import lxml.etree as lxml_etree
    import lxml.html as lxml_html
except ImportError:
    lxml_etree = None
    lxml_html = None

try:
    import xmlschema
    from xmlschema.xpath import XMLSchemaProxy
except ImportError:
    xmlschema = None
    XMLSchemaProxy = None
else:
    xmlschema.XMLSchema.meta_schema.build()


def get_sequence_type(value, xsd_version='1.0'):
    """
    Infers the sequence type from a value.
    """
    if value is None or value == []:
        return 'empty-sequence()'
    elif isinstance(value, list):
        if value[0] is not None and not isinstance(value[0], list):
            sequence_type = get_sequence_type(value[0], xsd_version)
            if all(get_sequence_type(x, xsd_version) == sequence_type for x in value[1:]):
                return '{}+'.format(sequence_type)
            else:
                return 'node()+'
    else:
        value_kind = getattr(value, 'kind', None)
        if value_kind is not None:
            return '{}()'.format(value_kind)
        elif isinstance(value, UntypedAtomic):
            return 'xs:untypedAtomic'

        if QName.is_valid(value) and ':' in str(value):
            return 'xs:QName'

        if xsd_version == '1.1':
            if builtin_atomic_types['xs:dateTimeStamp'].is_valid(value):
                return 'xs:dateTimeStamp'

        for st in ['xs:string', 'xs:boolean', 'xs:decimal', 'xs:float', 'xs:double',
                   'xs:date', 'xs:dateTime', 'xs:gDay', 'xs:gMonth', 'xs:gMonthDay',
                   'xs:anyURI', 'xs:gYear', 'xs:gYearMonth', 'xs:time', 'xs:duration',
                   'xs:dayTimeDuration', 'xs:yearMonthDuration', 'xs:base64Binary',
                   'xs:hexBinary']:
            if builtin_atomic_types[st].is_valid(value):
                return st

    raise ValueError("Inconsistent sequence type for {!r}".format(value))


class XPath2ParserTest(test_xpath1_parser.XPath1ParserTest):

    def setUp(self):
        self.parser = XPath2Parser(namespaces=self.namespaces)

        # Make sure the tests are repeatable.
        env_vars_to_tweak = 'LC_ALL', 'LANG'
        self.current_env_vars = {v: os.environ.get(v) for v in env_vars_to_tweak}
        for v in self.current_env_vars:
            os.environ[v] = 'en_US.UTF-8'

    def tearDown(self):
        if hasattr(self, 'current_env_vars'):
            for v in self.current_env_vars:
                if self.current_env_vars[v] is not None:
                    os.environ[v] = self.current_env_vars[v]

    @unittest.skipIf(xmlschema is None, "xmlschema library is not installed!")
    def test_is_instance_function_with_schema(self):
        schema = xmlschema.XMLSchema("""
            <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
              <xs:simpleType name="myInt">
                <xs:restriction base="xs:int"/>
              </xs:simpleType>
            </xs:schema>""")

        self.parser.schema = xmlschema.xpath.XMLSchemaProxy(schema)
        try:
            self.assertFalse(is_instance(1.0, 'myInt', self.parser))
            self.assertTrue(is_instance(1, 'myInt', self.parser))
            with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
                is_instance(1.0, 'dType', self.parser)
        finally:
            self.parser.schema = None

    def test_variable_reference(self):
        root = self.etree.XML('<a><b1/><b2/></a>')

        token = self.parser.parse('$var1')
        self.assertEqual(token.source, '$var1')
        self.assertEqual(
            repr(token), f"<{token.__class__.__name__} object at {hex(id(token))}>"
        )
        self.assertEqual(str(token), '$var1 variable')

        context = XPathContext(root=root, variables={'var1': root[0]})
        self.check_value('$var1', context.root[0], context=context)

        context = XPathContext(root=root, variables={'tns:var1': root[0]})
        self.check_raise('$tns:var1', NameError, 'XPST0081', context=context)

        # Test dynamic evaluation error
        parser = XPath2Parser(namespaces={'tns': 'http://xpath.test/ns'})
        token = parser.parse('$tns:var1')
        parser.namespaces.pop('tns')
        with self.assertRaises(NameError) as ctx:
            token.evaluate(context)
        self.assertIn('XPST0081', str(ctx.exception))

    def test_check_variables_method(self):
        self.parser.variable_types.update(
            (k, get_sequence_type(v)) for k, v in self.variables.items()
        )
        self.assertEqual(self.parser.variable_types,
                         {'values': 'xs:decimal+', 'myaddress': 'xs:string', 'word': 'xs:string'})

        self.assertIsNone(self.parser.check_variables(
            {'values': [1, 2, -1], 'myaddress': 'info@example.com', 'word': ''}
        ))

        with self.assertRaises(NameError) as ctx:
            self.parser.check_variables({'values': 1})
        self.assertIn("[err:XPST0008] missing variable", str(ctx.exception))

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as ctx:
            self.parser.check_variables(
                {'values': 1.0, 'myaddress': 'info@example.com', 'word': ''}
            )
        self.assertEqual("[err:XPDY0050] Unmatched sequence type for variable 'values'",
                         str(ctx.exception))

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as ctx:
            self.parser.check_variables(
                {'values': 1, 'myaddress': 'info@example.com', 'word': True}
            )
        self.assertEqual("[err:XPDY0050] Unmatched sequence type for variable 'word'",
                         str(ctx.exception))

        self.parser.variable_types.clear()

    def test_xpath_tokenizer(self):
        super(XPath2ParserTest, self).test_xpath_tokenizer()
        self.check_tokenizer("(: this is a comment :)",
                             ['(:', '', 'this', '', 'is', '', 'a', '', 'comment', '', ':)'])
        self.check_tokenizer("last (:", ['last', '', '(:'])

    def test_token_tree(self):
        super(XPath2ParserTest, self).test_token_tree()
        self.check_tree('(1 + 6, 2, 10 - 4)', '(, (, (+ (1) (6)) (2)) (- (10) (4)))')
        self.check_tree('/A/B2 union /A/B1', '(union (/ (/ (A)) (B2)) (/ (/ (A)) (B1)))')
        self.check_tree("//text/(preceding-sibling::text)[1]",
                        '(/ (// (text)) ([ (preceding-sibling (text)) (1)))')

    def test_token_source(self):
        super(XPath2ParserTest, self).test_token_source()
        self.check_source("(5, 6) instance of xs:integer+")
        self.check_source("$myaddress treat as element(*, USAddress)")
        self.check_source("(10, 1 to 4)")
        self.check_source("if (true()) then /A/B1 else /A/B2")
        self.check_source("every $part in /parts/part satisfies $part/@discounted")
        self.check_source("some $x in (1, 2, 3), $y in (2, 3, 4) satisfies $x + $y = 4")
        self.check_source("-3.5 idiv -2")
        self.check_source("xs:float('1e0') eq 1e2", "xs:float('1e0') eq 100.0")
        self.check_source("sum(//price[../available = false()])")
        self.check_source("self::node()")
        self.check_source('child (: nasty (:nested :) axis comment :) ::B1', 'child::B1')
        self.check_source("() cast as xs:integer?")
        self.check_source("() treat as empty-sequence()")
        self.check_source("'NaN' castable as xs:double")
        self.check_source("(1, fn:round-half-to-even(()), 7)")

    def test_xpath_comments(self):
        self.wrong_syntax("(: this is a comment :)")
        self.check_value("(: this is a comment :) true()", True)
        self.check_value("(: comment 1 :)(: comment 2 :) true()", True)
        self.check_value("(: comment 1 :) true() (: comment 2 :)", True)
        self.wrong_syntax("(: this is a (: nested :) comment :)")
        self.check_value("(: this is a (: nested :) comment :) true()", True)
        self.check_tree('child (: nasty (:nested :) axis comment :) ::B1', '(child (B1))')
        self.check_tree('child (: nasty "(: but not nested :)" axis comment :) ::B1',
                        '(child (B1))')
        self.check_value("5 (: before operator comment :) < 4", False)  # Before infix operator
        self.check_value("5 < (: after operator comment :) 4", False)  # After infix operator
        self.check_value("true (:# nasty function comment :) ()", True)
        self.check_tree(' (: initial comment :)/ (:2nd comment:)A/B1(: 3rd comment :)/ \n'
                        'C1 (: last comment :)\t', '(/ (/ (/ (A)) (B1)) (C1))')

        self.wrong_syntax("xs:(: invalid QName :)string")

    def test_comma_operator(self):
        self.check_value("1, 2", [1, 2])
        self.check_value("(1, 2)", [1, 2])
        self.check_value("(1, 2, ())", [1, 2])
        self.check_value("(1, fn:round-half-to-even(()), 7)", [1, 7])
        self.check_value("(-9, 28, 10)", [-9, 28, 10])
        self.check_value("(1, 2)", [1, 2])

        root = self.etree.XML('<A/>')
        self.check_selector("(7.0, /A, 'foo')", root, [7.0, root, 'foo'])
        self.check_selector("7.0, /A, 'foo'", root, [7.0, root, 'foo'])
        self.check_selector("/A, 7.0, 'foo'", self.etree.XML('<dummy/>'), [7.0, 'foo'])

    def test_range_expressions(self):
        # Some cases from https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath20/#construct_seq
        self.check_value("1 to 2", [1, 2])
        self.check_value("1 to 10", list(range(1, 11)))
        self.check_value("(10, 1 to 4)", [10, 1, 2, 3, 4])
        self.check_value("10 to 10", [10])
        self.check_value("15 to 10", [])
        self.check_value("fn:reverse(10 to 15)", [15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10])
        self.wrong_syntax("1 to 10 to 20", 'XPST0003')

        root = self.etree.XML('<root/>')
        self.wrong_type("'1' to '10'", 'XPTY0004', context=XPathContext(root))
        self.wrong_type("true() to 10", 'XPTY0004')

    def test_parenthesized_expressions(self):
        self.check_value("(1, 2, '10')", [1, 2, '10'])
        self.check_value("()", [])

    def test_if_expressions(self):
        root = self.etree.XML('<A><B1><C1/><C2/></B1><B2/><B3><C3/><C4/><C5/></B3></A>')

        token = self.parser.parse("if (1) then 2 else 3")
        self.assertEqual(len(token), 3)
        self.assertEqual(token.source, 'if (1) then 2 else 3')

        self.check_value("if (1) then 2 else 3", 2)
        self.check_selector("if (true()) then /A/B1 else /A/B2", root, root[:1])
        self.check_selector("if (false()) then /A/B1 else /A/B2", root, root[1:2])

        token = self.parser.parse("if")
        self.assertEqual(token.symbol, '(name)')
        self.assertEqual(token.value, 'if')

        # Cases from XPath 2.0 examples
        root = self.etree.XML('<part discounted="false"><wholesale/><retail/></part>')
        self.check_selector(
            'if ($part/@discounted) then $part/wholesale else $part/retail',
            root, [root[0]], variables={'part': root}, variable_types={'part': 'element()'}
        )
        root = self.etree.XML('<widgets>'
                              '  <widget><unit-cost>25</unit-cost></widget>'
                              '  <widget><unit-cost>10</unit-cost></widget>'
                              '  <widget><unit-cost>15</unit-cost></widget>'
                              '</widgets>')
        self.check_selector(
            'if ($widget1/unit-cost < $widget2/unit-cost) then $widget1 else $widget2',
            root, [root[2]], variables={'widget1': root[0], 'widget2': root[2]}
        )

    def test_quantifier_expressions(self):
        # Cases from XPath 2.0 examples
        root = self.etree.XML('<parts>'
                              '  <part discounted="true" available="true" />'
                              '  <part discounted="false" available="true" />'
                              '  <part discounted="true" />'
                              '</parts>')
        self.check_selector("every $part in /parts/part satisfies $part/@discounted", root, True)
        self.check_selector("every $part in /parts/part satisfies $part/@available", root, False)

        root = self.etree.XML('<emps>'
                              '  <employee><salary>1000</salary><bonus>400</bonus></employee>'
                              '  <employee><salary>1200</salary><bonus>300</bonus></employee>'
                              '  <employee><salary>1200</salary><bonus>200</bonus></employee>'
                              '</emps>')
        self.check_selector("some $emp in /emps/employee satisfies "
                            "   ($emp/bonus > 0.25 * $emp/salary)", root, True)
        self.check_selector("every $emp in /emps/employee satisfies "
                            "   ($emp/bonus < 0.5 * $emp/salary)", root, True)

        context = XPathContext(root=self.etree.XML('<dummy/>'))
        self.check_value("some $x in (1, 2, 3), $y in (2, 3, 4) satisfies $x + $y = 4",
                         True, context)
        self.check_value("every $x in (1, 2, 3), $y in (2, 3, 4) satisfies $x + $y = 4",
                         False, context)

        self.check_value("some $x in (1, 2, 3), $y in (2, 3, 4) satisfies $x + $y = 7",
                         True, context)
        self.check_value("some $x in (1, 2, 3), $y in (2, 3, 4) satisfies $x + $y = 8",
                         False, context)

        self.check_value('some $x in (1, 2, "cat") satisfies $x * 2 = 4', True, context)
        self.check_value('every $x in (1, 2, "cat") satisfies $x * 2 = 4', False, context)

        token = self.parser.parse("some")
        self.assertEqual(token.symbol, '(name)')
        self.assertEqual(token.value, 'some')

        # From W3C XQuery/XPath tests
        context = XPathContext(root=self.etree.XML('<dummy/>'),
                               variables={'result': [43, 44, 45]})

        self.check_value('some $i in $result satisfies $i = 44', True, context)
        self.check_value('every $i in $result satisfies $i = 44', False, context)
        self.check_raise('some $foo in (1, $foo) satisfies 1', NameError, 'XPST0008')

    def test_for_expressions(self):
        # Cases from XPath 2.0 examples
        context = XPathContext(root=self.etree.XML('<dummy/>'))
        path = "for $i in (10, 20), $j in (1, 2) return ($i + $j)"
        self.check_value(path, [11, 12, 21, 22], context)
        self.check_source(path, path)

        root = self.etree.XML(
            """
            <bib>
                <book>
                    <title>TCP/IP Illustrated</title>
                    <author>Stevens</author>
                    <publisher>Addison-Wesley</publisher>
                </book>
                <book>
                    <title>Advanced Programming in the Unix Environment</title>
                    <author>Stevens</author>
                    <publisher>Addison-Wesley</publisher>
                </book>
                <book>
                    <title>Data on the Web</title>
                    <author>Abiteboul</author>
                    <author>Buneman</author>
                    <author>Suciu</author>
                </book>
            </bib>
            """)

        # Test step-by-step, testing also other basic features.
        self.check_selector("book/author[1]", root, [root[0][1], root[1][1], root[2][1]])
        self.check_selector("book/author[. = $a]", root, [root[0][1], root[1][1]],
                            variables={'a': 'Stevens'})
        self.check_tree("book/author[. = $a][1]", '(/ (book) ([ ([ (author) (= (.) ($ (a)))) (1)))')
        self.check_selector("book/author[. = $a][1]", root, [root[0][1], root[1][1]],
                            variables={'a': 'Stevens'})
        self.check_selector("book/author[. = 'Stevens'][2]", root, [])

        self.check_selector("for $a in fn:distinct-values(book/author) return $a",
                            root, ['Stevens', 'Abiteboul', 'Buneman', 'Suciu'])

        self.check_selector("for $a in fn:distinct-values(book/author) return book/author[. = $a]",
                            root, [root[0][1], root[1][1]] + root[2][1:4])

        self.check_selector("for $a in fn:distinct-values(book/author) "
                            "return book/author[. = $a][1]",
                            root, [root[0][1], root[1][1]] + root[2][1:4])
        self.check_selector(
            "for $a in fn:distinct-values(book/author) "
            "return (book/author[. = $a][1], book[author = $a]/title)",
            root, [root[0][1], root[1][1], root[0][0], root[1][0], root[2][1],
                   root[2][0], root[2][2], root[2][0], root[2][3], root[2][0]]
        )

        # From W3C XQuery/XPath tests
        context = XPathContext(root=self.etree.XML('<dummy/>'),
                               variables={'result': [43, 44, 45]})

        self.check_value('for $i in $result return $i + 10', [53, 54, 55], context)
        self.check_raise('for $foo in (1, $foo) return 1', NameError, 'XPST0008')

    def test_idiv_operator(self):
        self.check_value("5 idiv 2", 2)
        self.check_value("-3.5 idiv -2", 1)
        self.check_value("-3.5 idiv 2", -1)
        self.check_value('xs:float("-3.5") idiv xs:float("3")', -1)
        self.check_value("-3.5 idiv 0", ZeroDivisionError)
        self.check_value("xs:float('INF') idiv 2", OverflowError)
        self.wrong_value("-3.5 idiv ()", 'XPST0005')
        self.check_raise('xs:float("NaN") idiv 1', OverflowError, 'FOAR0002')
        self.wrong_type("5 idiv '2'", 'XPTY0004')

    def test_comparison_operators(self):
        super(XPath2ParserTest, self).test_comparison_operators()
        self.check_value("0.05 eq 0.05", True)
        self.check_value("19.03 ne 19.02999", True)
        self.check_value("-1.0 eq 1.0", False)
        self.check_value("1 le 2", True)
        self.check_value("1e0 eq 1e2", False)
        self.check_value("xs:float('1e0') eq 1e2", False)
        self.check_value("1.0 lt 1e2", True)
        self.check_value("1e2 lt 1000", True)

        self.check_value("3 le 2", False)
        self.check_value("5 ge 9", False)
        self.check_value("5 gt 3", True)
        self.check_value("5 lt 20.0", True)
        self.wrong_type("false() eq 1", 'XPTY0004')
        self.wrong_type("0 eq false()", 'XPTY0004')
        self.check_value("2 * 2 eq 4", True)
        self.check_value("() * 7")
        self.check_value("() * ()")

        self.check_value('xs:string("http://xpath.test") eq xs:anyURI("http://xpath.test")', True)

        self.check_value("() le 4")
        self.check_value("4 gt ()")
        self.check_value("() eq ()")  # Equality of empty sequences is also an empty sequence
        self.wrong_syntax('true() eq true() eq true()', 'XPST0003')

        # From W3C XQuery/XPath tests
        self.check_value('xs:duration("P31D") ne xs:yearMonthDuration("P1M")', True)
        self.wrong_type('QName("", "ncname") le QName("", "ncname")', 'XPTY0004')

        # From W3C XSD 1.1 tests
        context = XPathContext(root=self.etree.XML('<root/>'),
                               variables={'value': Date(9999, 10, 10)})
        self.check_value('$value lt current-date()', False, context=context)

    def test_comparison_in_expression(self):
        context = XPathContext(self.etree.XML('<value>false</value>'))
        self.check_value("(. = 'false') = (. = 'false')", True, context)
        self.check_value("(. = 'asdf') != (. = 'false')", True, context)

    def test_boolean_evaluation_in_selector(self):
        context = XPathContext(self.etree.XML("""
        <collection>
            <book>
                <available>true</available>
                <price>10.0</price>
            </book>
            <book>
                <available>1</available>
                <price>10.0</price>
            </book>
            <book>
                <available>false</available>
                <price>5.0</price>
            </book>
            <book>
                <available>0</available>
                <price>5.0</price>
            </book>
        </collection>"""))

        self.check_value("sum(//price)", 30, context)
        self.check_value("sum(//price[../available = 'true'])", 10, context)
        self.check_value("sum(//price[../available = 'false'])", 5, context)
        self.check_value("sum(//price[../available = '1'])", 10, context)
        self.check_value("sum(//price[../available = '0'])", 5, context)
        self.check_value("sum(//price[../available = true()])", 20, context)
        self.check_value("sum(//price[../available = false()])", 10, context)

    def test_comparison_of_sequences(self):
        super(XPath2ParserTest, self).test_comparison_of_sequences()

        self.parser.compatibility_mode = True
        self.wrong_type("(false(), false()) = 1")
        self.check_value("(false(), false()) = (false(), false())", True)
        self.check_value("(false(), false()) = (false(), false(), false())", True)
        self.check_value("(false(), false()) = (false(), true())", True)
        self.check_value("(false(), false()) = (true(), false())", True)
        self.check_value("(false(), false()) = (true(), true())", False)
        self.check_value("(false(), false()) = (true(), true(), false())", True)
        self.parser.compatibility_mode = False

        # From XPath 2.0 examples
        root = self.etree.XML('<collection>'
                              '   <book><author>Kafka</author></book>'
                              '   <book><author>Huxley</author></book>'
                              '   <book><author>Asimov</author></book>'
                              '</collection>')
        context = XPathContext(root=root, variables={'book1': root[0]})
        self.check_value('$book1 / author = "Kafka"', True, context=context)
        self.check_value('$book1 / author eq "Kafka"', True, context=context)

        self.check_value("(1, 2) = (2, 3)", True)
        self.check_value("(2, 3) = (3, 4)", True)
        self.check_value("(1, 2) = (3, 4)", False)
        self.check_value("(1, 2) != (2, 3)", True)  # != is not the inverse of =

        context = XPathContext(root=root, variables={
            'a': UntypedAtomic('1'), 'b': UntypedAtomic('2'), 'c': UntypedAtomic('2.0')
        })
        self.check_value('($a, $b) = ($c, 3.0)', False, context=context)
        self.check_value('($a, $b) = ($c, 2.0)', True, context=context)

        self.wrong_type("(1, 2) le (2, 3)", 'XPTY0004', 'sequence of length greater than one')

        root = self.etree.XML('<root min="10" max="7"/>')
        context = XPathContext(root=root)
        self.check_value('@min', [context.root.attributes[0]], context=context)
        self.check_value('@min le @max', True, context=context)

        root = self.etree.XML('<root min="80" max="7"/>')
        self.check_value('@min le @max', False, context=XPathContext(root=root))
        self.check_value('@min le @maximum', None, context=XPathContext(root=root))

        if xmlschema is not None:
            schema = xmlschema.XMLSchema("""
                <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
                  <xs:element name="root" type="xs:int"/>
                  <xs:complexType name="rootType">
                    <xs:attribute name="min" type="xs:int"/>
                    <xs:attribute name="max" type="xs:int"/>
                  </xs:complexType>
                </xs:schema>""")

            with self.schema_bound_parser(schema.elements['root'].xpath_proxy):
                root = self.etree.XML('<root>11</root>')
                context = XPathContext(root, schema=self.parser.schema)
                self.check_value('. le 10', False, context)
                self.check_value('. le 20', True, context)

                root = self.etree.XML('<root>eleven</root>')
                context = XPathContext(root, schema=self.parser.schema)
                self.wrong_value('. le 10', 'FORG0001', context=context)

                root = self.etree.XML('<value>12</value>')
                context = XPathContext(root, schema=self.parser.schema)
                with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as err:
                    self.check_value('. le "11"', context)
                self.assertIn('XPTY0004', str(err.exception))  # Static schema context error

                self.check_value('. le 10', False, context=context)

                # Schema information persists on parser (will be removed in v5.0)
                context = XPathContext(root, schema=self.parser.schema)
                self.check_value('. le 10', False, context=context)

            context = XPathContext(root)
            with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as err:
                self.check_value('. le 10', context=context)
            self.assertIn('XPTY0004', str(err.exception))  # Dynamic context error

            schema = xmlschema.XMLSchema("""
                <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
                  <xs:element name="root" type="xs:anyType"/>
                </xs:schema>""")

            with self.schema_bound_parser(schema.elements['root'].xpath_proxy):
                root = self.etree.XML('<root>15</root>')
                self.check_value('. le "11"', False, context=XPathContext(root))

        root = self.etree.XML('<root><a>1</a><a>10</a><a>30</a><a>50</a></root>')
        self.check_selector("a = (1 to 30)", root, True)
        self.check_selector("a = (2)", root, False)
        self.check_selector("a[1] = (1 to 10, 30)", root, True)
        self.check_selector("a[2] = (1 to 10, 30)", root, True)
        self.check_selector("a[3] = (1 to 10, 30)", root, True)
        self.check_selector("a[4] = (1 to 10, 30)", root, False)

    @unittest.skipIf(xmlschema is None, "xmlschema library is not installed!")
    def test_namespace_axis_on_schema_context(self):
        schema = xmlschema.XMLSchema(dedent("""\n
            <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
                <xs:simpleType name="floatType">
                    <xs:restriction base="xs:double"/>
                </xs:simpleType>
            </xs:schema>"""))

        context = XPathSchemaContext(schema)
        token = self.parser.parse('/namespace::*')
        self.assertEqual(token.evaluate(context), [])

    def test_unknown_axis(self):
        self.wrong_syntax('unknown::node()', 'XPST0003')
        self.wrong_syntax('A/unknown::node()', 'XPST0003')

        self.parser.compatibility_mode = True
        self.wrong_name('unknown::node()', 'XPST0010')
        self.wrong_name('A/unknown::node()', 'XPST0010')
        self.parser.compatibility_mode = False

    def test_predicate(self):
        super(XPath2ParserTest, self).test_predicate()
        root = self.etree.XML('<A><B1><B2/><B2/></B1><C1><C2/><C2/></C1></A>')
        self.check_selector("/(A/*/*)[1]", root, [root[0][0]])
        self.check_selector("/A/*/*[1]", root, [root[0][0], root[1][0]])

    def test_subtract_datetimes(self):
        context = XPathContext(root=self.etree.XML('<A/>'), timezone=Timezone.fromstring('-05:00'))
        self.check_value('xs:dateTime("2000-10-30T06:12:00") - xs:dateTime("1999-11-28T09:00:00Z")',
                         DayTimeDuration.fromstring('P337DT2H12M'), context)
        self.check_value('xs:dateTime("2000-10-30T06:12:00") - xs:dateTime("1999-11-28T09:00:00Z")',
                         DayTimeDuration.fromstring('P336DT21H12M'))

    def test_subtract_dates(self):
        context = XPathContext(root=self.etree.XML('<A/>'), timezone=Timezone.fromstring('Z'))
        self.check_value('xs:date("2000-10-30") - xs:date("1999-11-28")',
                         DayTimeDuration.fromstring('P337D'), context)
        context.timezone = Timezone.fromstring('+05:00')
        self.check_value('xs:date("2000-10-30") - xs:date("1999-11-28Z")',
                         DayTimeDuration.fromstring('P336DT19H'), context)
        self.check_value('xs:date("2000-10-15-05:00") - xs:date("2000-10-10+02:00")',
                         DayTimeDuration.fromstring('P5DT7H'))

        # BCE test cases
        self.check_value('xs:date("0001-01-01") - xs:date("-0001-01-01")',
                         DayTimeDuration.fromstring('P366D'))
        self.check_value('xs:date("-0001-01-01") - xs:date("-0001-01-01")',
                         DayTimeDuration.fromstring('P0D'))
        self.check_value('xs:date("-0001-01-01") - xs:date("0001-01-01")',
                         DayTimeDuration.fromstring('-P366D'))

        self.check_value('xs:date("-0001-01-01") - xs:date("-0001-01-02")',
                         DayTimeDuration.fromstring('-P1D'))
        self.check_value('xs:date("-0001-01-04") - xs:date("-0001-01-01")',
                         DayTimeDuration.fromstring('P3D'))

        self.check_value('xs:date("0200-01-01") - xs:date("-0121-01-01")',
                         DayTimeDuration.fromstring('P116878D'))
        self.check_value('xs:date("-0201-01-01") - xs:date("0120-01-01")',
                         DayTimeDuration.fromstring('-P116877D'))

    def test_subtract_times(self):
        context = XPathContext(root=self.etree.XML('<A/>'), timezone=Timezone.fromstring('-05:00'))
        self.check_value('xs:time("11:12:00Z") - xs:time("04:00:00")',
                         DayTimeDuration.fromstring('PT2H12M'), context)
        self.check_value('xs:time("11:00:00-05:00") - xs:time("21:30:00+05:30")',
                         DayTimeDuration.fromstring('PT0S'), context)
        self.check_value('xs:time("17:00:00-06:00") - xs:time("08:00:00+09:00")',
                         DayTimeDuration.fromstring('PT24H'), context)
        self.check_value('xs:time("24:00:00") - xs:time("23:59:59")',
                         DayTimeDuration.fromstring('-PT23H59M59S'), context)

    def test_add_year_month_duration_to_datetime(self):
        self.check_value('xs:dateTime("2000-10-30T11:12:00") + xs:yearMonthDuration("P1Y2M")',
                         DateTime.fromstring("2001-12-30T11:12:00"))

    def test_add_day_time_duration_to_datetime(self):
        self.check_value('xs:dateTime("2000-10-30T11:12:00") + xs:dayTimeDuration("P3DT1H15M")',
                         DateTime.fromstring("2000-11-02T12:27:00"))

    def test_subtract_year_month_duration_from_datetime(self):
        self.check_value('xs:dateTime("2000-10-30T11:12:00") - xs:yearMonthDuration("P0Y2M")',
                         DateTime.fromstring("2000-08-30T11:12:00"))
        self.check_value('xs:dateTime("2000-10-30T11:12:00") - xs:yearMonthDuration("P1Y2M")',
                         DateTime.fromstring("1999-08-30T11:12:00"))

    def test_subtract_day_time_duration_from_datetime(self):
        self.check_value('xs:dateTime("2000-10-30T11:12:00") - xs:dayTimeDuration("P3DT1H15M")',
                         DateTime.fromstring("2000-10-27T09:57:00"))

    def test_add_year_month_duration_to_date(self):
        self.check_value('xs:date("2000-10-30") + xs:yearMonthDuration("P1Y2M")',
                         Date.fromstring('2001-12-30'))

    def test_subtract_year_month_duration_from_date(self):
        self.check_value('xs:date("2000-10-30") - xs:yearMonthDuration("P1Y2M")',
                         Date.fromstring('1999-08-30'))
        self.check_value('xs:date("2000-02-29Z") - xs:yearMonthDuration("P1Y")',
                         Date.fromstring('1999-02-28Z'))
        self.check_value('xs:date("2000-10-31-05:00") - xs:yearMonthDuration("P1Y1M")',
                         Date.fromstring('1999-09-30-05:00'))

    def test_subtract_day_time_duration_from_date(self):
        self.check_value('xs:date("0001-01-05") - xs:dayTimeDuration("P3DT1H15M")',
                         Date.fromstring('0001-01-01'))
        self.check_value('xs:date("2000-10-30") - xs:dayTimeDuration("P3DT1H15M")',
                         Date.fromstring('2000-10-26'))

    def test_add_day_time_duration_to_time(self):
        self.check_value('xs:time("11:12:00") + xs:dayTimeDuration("P3DT1H15M")',
                         Time.fromstring('12:27:00'))
        self.check_value('xs:time("23:12:00+03:00") + xs:dayTimeDuration("P1DT3H15M")',
                         Time.fromstring('02:27:00+03:00'))

    def test_subtract_day_time_duration_to_time(self):
        self.check_value('xs:time("11:12:00") - xs:dayTimeDuration("P3DT1H15M")',
                         Time.fromstring('09:57:00'))
        self.check_value('xs:time("08:20:00-05:00") - xs:dayTimeDuration("P23DT10H10M")',
                         Time.fromstring('22:10:00-05:00'))

    def test_duration_with_arithmetical_operators(self):
        self.wrong_type('xs:duration("P1Y") * 3', 'XPTY0004', 'unsupported operand type(s)')
        self.wrong_value('xs:duration("P1Y") * xs:float("NaN")', 'FOCA0005')
        self.check_value('xs:duration("P1Y") * xs:float("INF")', OverflowError)
        self.wrong_value('xs:float("NaN") * xs:duration("P1Y")', 'FOCA0005')
        self.check_value('xs:float("INF") * xs:duration("P1Y")', OverflowError)
        self.wrong_type('xs:duration("P3Y") div 3',  'XPTY0004', 'unsupported operand type(s)')

    def test_year_month_duration_operators(self):
        self.check_value('xs:yearMonthDuration("P2Y11M") + xs:yearMonthDuration("P3Y3M")',
                         YearMonthDuration(months=74))
        self.check_value('xs:yearMonthDuration("P2Y11M") - xs:yearMonthDuration("P3Y3M")',
                         YearMonthDuration(months=-4))
        self.check_value('xs:yearMonthDuration("P2Y11M") * 2.3',
                         YearMonthDuration.fromstring('P6Y9M'))
        self.check_value('xs:yearMonthDuration("P2Y11M") div 1.5',
                         YearMonthDuration.fromstring('P1Y11M'))
        self.check_value('xs:yearMonthDuration("P3Y4M") div xs:yearMonthDuration("-P1Y4M")', -2.5)
        self.wrong_value('xs:double("NaN") * xs:yearMonthDuration("P2Y")', 'FOCA0005')
        self.check_value('xs:yearMonthDuration("P1Y") * xs:double("INF")', OverflowError)
        self.wrong_value('xs:yearMonthDuration("P3Y") div xs:double("NaN")', 'FOCA0005')

        self.check_raise('xs:yearMonthDuration("P3Y") div xs:yearMonthDuration("P0Y")',
                         ZeroDivisionError, 'FOAR0001', 'Division by zero')
        self.check_raise('xs:yearMonthDuration("P3Y36M") div 0', OverflowError, 'FODT0002')

    def test_day_time_duration_operators(self):
        self.check_value('xs:dayTimeDuration("P2DT12H5M") + xs:dayTimeDuration("P5DT12H")',
                         DayTimeDuration.fromstring('P8DT5M'))
        self.check_value('xs:dayTimeDuration("P2DT12H") - xs:dayTimeDuration("P1DT10H30M")',
                         DayTimeDuration.fromstring('P1DT1H30M'))
        self.check_value('xs:dayTimeDuration("PT2H10M") * 2.1',
                         DayTimeDuration.fromstring('PT4H33M'))
        self.check_value('xs:dayTimeDuration("P1DT2H30M10.5S") div 1.5',
                         DayTimeDuration.fromstring('PT17H40M7S'))
        self.check_value('3 * xs:dayTimeDuration("P1D")',
                         DayTimeDuration.fromstring('P3D'))
        self.check_value(
            'xs:dayTimeDuration("P2DT53M11S") div xs:dayTimeDuration("P1DT10H")',
            Decimal('1.437834967320261437908496732')
        )

    def test_document_node_accessor(self):
        document = self.etree.parse(io.StringIO('<A/>'))
        context = XPathContext(root=document)
        self.wrong_syntax("document-node(A)")
        self.wrong_syntax("document-node(*)")
        self.wrong_syntax("document-node(true())")
        self.wrong_syntax("document-node(node())")
        self.wrong_type("document-node(element(A), 1)")
        self.check_select("document-node()", [], context)
        self.check_select("self::document-node()", [context.root], context)
        self.check_selector("self::document-node(element(A))", document, [document])
        self.check_selector("self::document-node(element(B))", document, [])

        context = XPathContext(root=document.getroot())
        self.check_select("document-node()", [], context)
        self.check_select("self::document-node()", [], context)
        self.check_select("self::document-node(element(A))", [], context)

    def test_element_accessor(self):
        element = self.etree.Element('schema')
        context = XPathContext(root=element)
        self.wrong_syntax("element('name')")
        self.wrong_syntax("element(A, 'name')")
        self.check_select("element()", [], context)
        self.check_select("self::element()", [context.root], context)
        self.check_select("self::element(schema)", [context.root], context)
        self.check_select("self::element(schema, xs:string)", [], context)

        root = self.etree.XML('<A a="10">text<B/>tail<B/></A>')
        context = XPathContext(root)
        expected = [e for e in context.root if isinstance(e, ElementNode)]

        self.check_select("element(*)", expected, context)
        self.check_select("element(B)", expected, context)
        self.check_select("element(A)", [], context)

        if xmlschema is not None:
            schema = xmlschema.XMLSchema(dedent('''\
                <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
                  <xs:element name="root" type="xs:string"/>
                </xs:schema>'''))

            root = self.etree.XML('<root>hello</root>')
            context = XPathContext(root)
            with self.schema_bound_parser(schema.elements['root'].xpath_proxy):
                context.root.xsd_type = schema.elements['root'].type
                self.check_select("self::element(*, xs:string)", [context.root], context)
                self.check_select("self::element(*, xs:int)", [], context)

    def test_attribute_accessor(self):
        root = self.etree.XML('<A a="10" b="20">text<B/>tail<B/></A>')
        context = XPathContext(root)
        a = context.root.attributes[0]
        b = context.root.attributes[1]
        self.check_select("attribute()", [a, b], context)
        self.check_select("attribute(*)", [a, b], context)
        self.check_select("attribute(a)", [a], context)
        self.check_select("attribute(a, xs:int)", [a], context)

        if xmlschema is not None:
            schema = xmlschema.XMLSchema("""
                <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
                  <xs:element name="A" type="AType"/>
                  <xs:complexType name="AType">
                    <xs:attribute name="a" type="xs:int"/>
                    <xs:attribute name="b" type="xs:int"/>
                  </xs:complexType>
                </xs:schema>""")

            schema_proxy = schema.elements['A'].xpath_proxy
            with self.schema_bound_parser(schema_proxy):
                context = XPathContext(root, schema=schema_proxy)
                a = context.root.attributes[0]
                b = context.root.attributes[1]
                self.check_select("attribute(a, xs:int)", [a], context)
                self.check_select("attribute(*, xs:int)", [a, b], context)
                self.check_select("attribute(a, xs:string)", [], context)
                self.check_select("attribute(*, xs:string)", [], context)

    def test_node_and_node_accessors(self):
        element = self.etree.Element('schema')
        element.attrib.update([('id', '0212349350')])

        context = XPathContext(root=element)
        self.check_select("self::node()", [context.root], context)
        self.check_select("self::attribute()", [context.root.attributes[0]], context)

        context.item = 7
        self.check_select("node()", [], context)
        context.item = 10.2
        self.check_select("node()", [], context)

    def test_union_intersect_except_operators(self):
        root = self.etree.XML('<A><B1><C1/><C2/><C3/></B1><B2><C1/><C2/><C3/><C4/></B2><B3/></A>')
        self.check_selector('/A/B2 union /A/B1', root, root[:2])
        self.check_selector('/A/B2 union /A/*', root, root[:])

        self.check_selector('/A/B2 intersect /A/B1', root, [])
        self.check_selector('/A/B2 intersect /A/*', root, [root[1]])
        self.check_selector('/A/B1/* intersect /A/B2/*', root, [])
        self.check_selector('/A/B1/* intersect /A/*/*', root, root[0][:])

        self.check_selector('/A/B2 except /A/B1', root, root[1:2])
        self.check_selector('/A/* except /A/B2', root, [root[0], root[2]])
        self.check_selector('/A/*/* except /A/B2/*', root, root[0][:])
        self.check_selector('/A/B2/* except /A/B1/*', root, root[1][:])
        self.check_selector('/A/B2/* except /A/*/*', root, [])

        root = self.etree.XML('<root><A/><B/><C/></root>')

        # From variables like XPath 2.0 examples
        context = XPathContext(root, variables={
            'seq1': root[:2],  # (A, B)
            'seq2': root[:2],  # (A, B)
            'seq3': root[1:],  # (B, C)
        })
        self.check_select('$seq1 union $seq2', context.root[:2], context=context)
        self.check_select('$seq2 union $seq3', context.root[:], context=context)
        self.check_select('$seq1 intersect $seq2', context.root[:2], context=context)
        self.check_select('$seq2 intersect $seq3', context.root[1:2], context=context)
        self.check_select('$seq1 except $seq2', [], context=context)
        self.check_select('$seq2 except $seq3', context.root[:1], context=context)

        self.wrong_type('1 intersect 1', 'XPTY0004',
                        'only XPath nodes are allowed', context=context)
        self.wrong_type('1 except $seq1', 'XPTY0004',
                        'only XPath nodes are allowed', context=context)
        self.wrong_type('1 union $seq1', 'XPTY0004',
                        'only XPath nodes are allowed', context=context)
        self.wrong_type('$seq1 intersect 1', 'XPTY0004',
                        'only XPath nodes are allowed', context=context)
        self.wrong_type('$seq1 union 1', 'XPTY0004',
                        'only XPath nodes are allowed', context=context)

    def test_node_comparison_operators(self):
        # Test cases from https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath20/#id-node-comparisons
        root = self.etree.XML('''
        <books>
            <book><isbn>1558604820</isbn><call>QA76.9 C3845</call></book>
            <book><isbn>0070512655</isbn><call>QA76.9 C3846</call></book>
            <book><isbn>0131477005</isbn><call>QA76.9 C3847</call></book>
        </books>''')
        self.check_selector('/books/book[isbn="1558604820"] is /books/book[call="QA76.9 C3845"]',
                            root, True)
        self.check_selector('/books/book[isbn="0070512655"] is /books/book[call="QA76.9 C3847"]',
                            root, False)
        self.check_selector('/books/book[isbn="not a code"] is /books/book[call="QA76.9 C3847"]',
                            root, [])

        context = XPathContext(root)
        self.check_value('/books/book[isbn="1558604820"] is ()', context=context)
        self.wrong_type('/books/book[isbn="1558604820"] is (1, 2)', 'XPTY0004', context=context)

        self.check_value('/books/book[isbn="1558604820"] << /books/book[isbn="1558604820"]',
                         False, context=context)

        context = XPathContext(root, variables={'a': self.etree.Element('a'),
                                                'b': self.etree.Element('b')})
        self.wrong_value('$a << $b', 'FOCA0002', 'operands are not nodes of the XML tree',
                         context=context)

        root = self.etree.XML('''
        <transactions>
            <purchase><parcel>28-451</parcel></purchase>
            <sale><parcel>33-870</parcel></sale>
            <purchase><parcel>15-392</parcel></purchase>
            <sale><parcel>35-530</parcel></sale>
            <purchase><parcel>10-639</parcel></purchase>
            <purchase><parcel>10-639</parcel></purchase>
            <sale><parcel>39-729</parcel></sale>
        </transactions>''')

        self.check_selector(
            '/transactions/purchase[parcel="28-451"] << /transactions/sale[parcel="33-870"]',
            root, True
        )
        self.check_selector(
            '/transactions/purchase[parcel="15-392"] >> /transactions/sale[parcel="33-870"]',
            root, True
        )
        self.check_selector(
            '/transactions/purchase[parcel="10-639"] >> /transactions/sale[parcel="33-870"]',
            root, TypeError
        )

        self.wrong_type('is ()', 'XPST0017')
        self.wrong_syntax('is B', 'XPST0003')
        self.wrong_syntax('A is B is C', 'XPST0003')

    def test_empty_sequence_type(self):
        self.check_value("() treat as empty-sequence()", [])
        self.check_value("6 treat as empty-sequence()", TypeError)
        self.wrong_syntax("empty-sequence()")

        context = XPathContext(root=self.etree.XML('<A/>'))
        self.check_value("() instance of empty-sequence()", expected=True, context=context)
        self.check_value(". instance of empty-sequence()", expected=False, context=context)

    def test_item_sequence_type(self):
        self.check_value("4 treat as item()", MissingContextError)

        context = XPathContext(self.etree.XML('<root/>'))
        self.check_value("4 treat as item()", [4], context)
        self.check_value("() treat as item()", TypeError, context)
        self.wrong_syntax("item()")

        context = XPathContext(root=self.etree.XML('<A/>'))
        self.check_value(". instance of item()", expected=True, context=context)
        self.check_value("() instance of item()", expected=False, context=context)

        context = XPathContext(root=self.etree.parse(io.StringIO('<A/>')))
        self.check_value(". instance of item()", expected=True, context=context)
        self.check_value("() instance of item()", expected=False, context=context)

    def test_static_analysis_phase(self):
        context = XPathContext(self.etree.XML('<root/>'), variables=self.variables)
        self.check_value('fn:concat($word, fn:lower-case(" BETA"))', 'alpha beta', context)
        self.check_value('fn:concat($word, fn:lower-case(10))', TypeError, context)
        self.check_value('fn:concat($unknown, fn:lower-case(10))', NameError, context)

    def test_instance_of_expression(self):
        element = self.etree.Element('schema')

        # Test cases from https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath20/#id-instance-of
        self.check_value("5 instance of xs:integer", True)
        self.check_value("5 instance of xs:decimal", True)
        self.check_value("9.0 instance of xs:integer", False)
        self.check_value("(5, 6) instance of xs:integer+", True)

        context = XPathContext(element)
        self.check_value(". instance of element()", True, context)
        context.item = "foo"
        self.check_value(". instance of element()", False, context)

        self.check_value("(5, 6) instance of xs:integer", False)
        self.check_value("(5, 6) instance of xs:integer*", True)
        self.check_value("(5, 6) instance of xs:integer?", False)

        self.check_value("5 instance of empty-sequence()", False)
        self.check_value("() instance of empty-sequence()", True)

        self.wrong_syntax("5 instance of unknown()",
                          'XPST0003', "unexpected parenthesized expression")
        self.wrong_syntax("5 instance of unknown::node()",
                          'XPST0003', "unexpected '::' symbol")
        self.wrong_syntax("1e3 instance of empty-sequence()(", 'XPST0003')

        # Test dynamic evaluation error on prefixed name
        parser = XPath2Parser()
        token = parser.parse('5 instance of xs:decimal')
        parser.namespaces.pop('xs')
        with self.assertRaises(NameError) as ctx:
            token.evaluate()
        self.assertIn('XPST0081', str(ctx.exception))

        # From W3C XQuery/XPath tests
        context = XPathContext(element)
        self.check_value("not(1 instance of node())", True, context)
        self.check_value("(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) instance of item()+", True, context)
        self.check_value("(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) instance of item()", False, context)
        self.wrong_name("3 instance of void")

    def test_treat_as_expression(self):
        element = self.etree.Element('schema')
        context = XPathContext(element)

        self.check_value("5 treat as xs:integer", [5])
        self.check_value("5 treat as xs:string", TypeError)
        self.check_value("5 treat as xs:decimal", [5])
        self.check_value("(5, 6) treat as xs:integer+", [5, 6])
        self.check_value(". treat as element()", [context.root], context)

        self.check_value("(5, 6) treat as xs:integer", TypeError)
        self.check_value("(5, 6) treat as xs:integer*", [5, 6])
        self.check_value("(5, 6) treat as xs:integer?", TypeError)

        self.check_value("5 treat as empty-sequence()", TypeError)
        self.check_value("() treat as empty-sequence()", [])
        self.check_value("() treat as xs:integer?", [])
        self.wrong_type("() treat as xs:integer", 'XPDY0050')

        # Test dynamic evaluation error on prefixed name
        parser = XPath2Parser()
        token = parser.parse('5 treat as xs:decimal')
        parser.namespaces.pop('xs')
        with self.assertRaises(NameError) as ctx:
            token.evaluate()
        self.assertIn('XPST0081', str(ctx.exception))

        # From W3C XQuery/XPath tests
        self.check_value("3 treat as item()+", [3], context)
        self.wrong_type("3 treat as node()+", 'XPDY0050', context=context)
        self.check_value("(1, 2, 3) treat as item()+", [1, 2, 3], context)
        self.wrong_type("(1, 2, 3) treat as item()", 'XPDY0050', context=context)
        self.wrong_name("3 treat as xs:doesNotExist")

    def test_castable_expression(self):
        self.check_value("5 castable as xs:integer", True)
        self.check_value("'5' castable as xs:integer", True)
        self.check_value("'hello' castable as xs:integer", False)
        self.check_value("('5', '6') castable as xs:integer", False)
        self.check_value("() castable as xs:integer", False)
        self.check_value("() castable as xs:integer?", True)

        self.wrong_syntax("5 castable as empty-sequence()", 'XPST0003')
        self.wrong_name("5 castable as void", 'XPST0051')
        self.check_value("5 castable as xs:void", False)

        self.check_value("'NaN' castable as xs:double", True)
        self.check_value("'None' castable as xs:double", False)
        self.check_value("'NaN' castable as xs:float", True)
        self.check_value("'NaN' castable as xs:integer", False)

        # From W3C XQuery/XPath tests
        self.check_value("(1E3) castable as xs:double?", True)

    def test_cast_expression(self):
        self.check_value("5 cast as xs:integer", 5)
        self.check_value("'5' cast as xs:integer", 5)
        self.check_value("'hello' cast as xs:integer", ValueError)
        self.check_value("('5', '6') cast as xs:integer", TypeError)
        self.check_value("() cast as xs:integer", TypeError)
        self.check_value("() cast as xs:integer?", [])
        self.check_value('"1" cast as xs:boolean', True)
        self.check_value('"0" cast as xs:boolean', False)

        self.check_value("xs:untypedAtomic('1E3') cast as xs:double", 1E3)
        self.wrong_value("xs:untypedAtomic('x') cast as xs:double", 'FORG0001')

        # Test dynamic evaluation error on prefixed name
        parser = XPath2Parser()
        token = parser.parse("() cast as xs:string?")
        parser.namespaces.pop('xs')
        with self.assertRaises(NameError) as ctx:
            token.evaluate()
        self.assertIn('XPST0081', str(ctx.exception))

    @unittest.skipIf(xmlschema is None, "xmlschema library is not installed!")
    def test_cast_or_castable_with_derived_type(self):
        schema = xmlschema.XMLSchema(dedent("""\n
            <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
                <xs:simpleType name="floatType">
                    <xs:restriction base="xs:double"/>
                </xs:simpleType>
            </xs:schema>"""))

        with self.schema_bound_parser(schema.xpath_proxy):
            root = self.etree.XML('<root/>')
            context = XPathContext(root)

            self.check_value("'1E3' castable as floatType", True, context)
            self.check_value("(1E3) castable as floatType", True, context)
            self.check_value("xs:untypedAtomic('1E3') cast as floatType", 1E3)
            self.check_value("xs:untypedAtomic('x') castable as floatType", False)
            self.wrong_value("xs:untypedAtomic('x') cast as floatType", 'FORG0001')
            self.wrong_value("'x' cast as floatType", 'FORG0001')
            self.wrong_type("xs:anyURI('http://xpath.test') cast as floatType", 'XPTY0004')

    def test_logical_expressions_(self):
        super(XPath2ParserTest, self).test_logical_expressions()

        if xmlschema is not None:
            schema = xmlschema.XMLSchema("""
                <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
                  <xs:element name="root">
                    <xs:complexType>
                      <xs:sequence/>
                      <xs:attribute name="a" type="xs:integer"/>
                      <xs:attribute name="b" type="xs:integer"/>
                    </xs:complexType>
                  </xs:element>
                </xs:schema>""")

            with self.schema_bound_parser(schema.elements['root'].xpath_proxy):
                root_token = self.parser.parse("(@a and not(@b)) or (not(@a) and @b)")
                context = XPathContext(self.etree.XML('<root a="10" b="0"/>'))
                self.assertTrue(root_token.evaluate(context=context) is False)
                context = XPathContext(self.etree.XML('<root a="10" b="1"/>'))
                self.assertTrue(root_token.evaluate(context=context) is False)
                context = XPathContext(self.etree.XML('<root a="10"/>'))
                self.assertTrue(root_token.evaluate(context=context) is True)
                context = XPathContext(self.etree.XML('<root a="0" b="10"/>'))
                self.assertTrue(root_token.evaluate(context=context) is False)
                context = XPathContext(self.etree.XML('<root b="0"/>'))
                self.assertTrue(root_token.evaluate(context=context) is True)

    def test_element_decimal_cast(self):
        root = self.etree.XML('''
        <books>
            <book><isbn>1558604820</isbn><price>12.50</price></book>
            <book><isbn>1558604820</isbn><price>13.50</price></book>
            <book><isbn>1558604820</isbn><price>-0.1</price></book>
        </books>''')
        expected_values = [Decimal('12.5'), Decimal('13.5'), Decimal('-0.1')]
        self.assertEqual(3, len(select(root, "//book")))
        for book in iter_select(root, "//book"):
            context = XPathContext(root=root, item=book)
            root_token = self.parser.parse("xs:decimal(price)")
            self.assertEqual(expected_values.pop(0), root_token.evaluate(context))

    def test_element_decimal_comparison_after_round(self):
        self.check_value('xs:decimal(0.36) = round(0.36*100) div 100', True)

    def test_tokenizer_ambiguity(self):
        # From issue #27
        self.check_tokenizer("sch:pattern[@is-a]", ['sch', ':', 'pattern', '[', '@', 'is-a', ']'])
        self.check_tokenizer("/is-a", ['/', 'is-a'])
        self.check_tokenizer("/-is-a", ['/', '-', 'is-a'])

    def test_operator_ambiguity(self):
        # Related to issue #27
        self.check_tokenizer("/is", ['/', 'is'])
        context = XPathContext(self.etree.XML('<root/>'))
        self.check_value('/is', [], context)
        context = XPathContext(self.etree.XML('<is/>'))
        self.check_value('/is', [context.root], context)

        self.check_value('/and', [], context)
        context = XPathContext(self.etree.XML('<and/>'))
        self.check_value('/and', [context.root], context)

        root = self.etree.XML('<and/>')
        context = XPathContext(self.etree.ElementTree(root))
        self.check_value('and', [context.root.getroot()], context)

        root = self.etree.XML('<eq/>')
        context = XPathContext(self.etree.ElementTree(root))
        self.check_value('eq', [context.root.getroot()], context)

        root = self.etree.XML('<union/>')
        context = XPathContext(self.etree.ElementTree(root))
        self.check_value('union', [context.root.getroot()], context)

    def test_statements_ambiguity(self):
        root = self.etree.XML('<for/>')
        context = XPathContext(self.etree.ElementTree(root))
        self.check_value('for', [context.root.getroot()], context)

    def test_auxiliary_tokens(self):
        # Tokens are parsed as names, so raise at evaluation if the contest is None
        self.check_raise('as', MissingContextError)
        self.check_raise('of', MissingContextError)

        context = XPathContext(self.etree.XML('<root/>'))
        self.check_value('as', expected=None, context=context)
        self.check_value('of', expected=None, context=context)

    def test_function_namespace(self):
        function_namespace = "http://xpath.test/fn/xpath-functions"
        parser = self.parser.__class__(
            namespaces={'fn2': function_namespace},
            function_namespace=function_namespace
        )
        token = parser.parse('fn2:true()')
        self.assertTrue(token.evaluate())

    def test_invalid_schema_argument(self):
        schema = dedent("""\
            <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
              <xs:element name="root" />
            </xs:schema>""")

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as ctx:
            self.parser.__class__(schema=schema)
        self.assertEqual(str(ctx.exception),
                         "argument 'schema' must be an instance of AbstractSchemaProxy")

        if xmlschema is not None:
            with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
                self.parser.__class__(schema=xmlschema.XMLSchema(schema))

    def test_variable_types_argument(self):
        variable_types = {'a': 'item()', 'b': 'xs:integer'}
        parser = self.parser.__class__(variable_types=variable_types)
        self.assertEqual(variable_types, parser.variable_types)
        self.assertIsNot(variable_types, parser.variable_types)

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as ctx:
            self.parser.__class__(variable_types={'a': 'item()', 'b': 'xs:complex'})
        self.assertEqual(str(ctx.exception),
                         "invalid sequence type for in-scope variable types")

    def test_document_types_argument(self):
        document_types = {'doc1': 'node()*', 'doc2': 'element()'}
        parser = self.parser.__class__(document_types=document_types)
        self.assertEqual(document_types, parser.document_types)
        self.assertIs(document_types, parser.document_types)

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as ctx:
            self.parser.__class__(document_types={'doc1': 'node()*', 'doc2': 'etree()'})
        self.assertEqual(str(ctx.exception),
                         "invalid sequence type in document_types argument")

    def test_collection_types_argument(self):
        collection_types = {'col1': 'node()*', 'col2': 'element()*'}
        parser = self.parser.__class__(collection_types=collection_types)
        self.assertEqual(collection_types, parser.collection_types)
        self.assertIs(collection_types, parser.collection_types)

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as ctx:
            self.parser.__class__(collection_types={'doc1': 'node()*', 'doc2': 'etree()*'})
        self.assertEqual(str(ctx.exception),
                         "invalid sequence type in collection_types argument")

    def test_default_collection_type_argument(self):
        parser = self.parser.__class__(default_collection_type='element()*')
        self.assertEqual(parser.default_collection_type, 'element()*')

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as ctx:
            self.parser.__class__(default_collection_type='elem()*')
        self.assertEqual(str(ctx.exception),
                         "invalid sequence type for default_collection_type argument")

    def test_default_collation_argument(self):
        locale_collation = get_locale_category(locale.LC_COLLATE)
        if locale_collation == 'en_US.UTF-8':
            locale_collation = "http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/collation/codepoint"
            self.assertEqual(self.parser.__class__().default_collation, locale_collation)

        parser = self.parser.__class__(default_collation='it_IT.UTF-8')
        self.assertEqual(parser.default_collation, 'it_IT.UTF-8')

    def test_issue_35_getting_attribute_names(self):
        root = self.etree.XML(dedent("""\
            <!-- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> -->
            <library attrib1="att11" attrib2="att22"> some text
              <book isbn="1111111111">
                <title lang="en">T1 T1 T1 T1 T1</title>
              </book>
              <book isbn="2222222222">
                <title lang="en">T2 T2 T2 T2 T2</title>
              </book>
            </library>"""))

        result = ['attrib1', 'attrib2', 'isbn', 'lang', 'isbn', 'lang']
        self.check_selector('//@*/local-name()', root, result)
        self.check_selector('//@*/name()', root, result)

    def test_external_function_registration(self):
        parser = self.parser.__class__()

        def foo(x):
            return str(x)

        self.assertIs(parser.symbol_table, parser.__class__.symbol_table)
        parser.external_function(foo)
        self.assertIsNot(parser.symbol_table, parser.__class__.symbol_table)

        self.assertIn('foo', parser.symbol_table)
        token_class = parser.symbol_table['foo']
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(token_class, ProxyToken))

        symbol = f'{{{XPATH_FUNCTIONS_NAMESPACE}}}foo'
        self.assertIn(symbol, parser.symbol_table)
        token_class = parser.symbol_table[symbol]
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(token_class, XPathFunction))
        assert issubclass(token_class, XPathFunction)
        self.assertEqual(token_class.nargs, 1)

        token = parser.parse('foo(8)')
        self.assertEqual(token.evaluate(), '8')

        token = parser.parse('fn:foo("abc")')
        self.assertEqual(token.evaluate(), 'abc')

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            parser.external_function(foo)

        parser.external_function(foo, name='bar')
        token = parser.parse('bar(99)')
        self.assertEqual(token.evaluate(), '99')

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as ctx:
            parser.external_function(foo)
        self.assertEqual(str(ctx.exception), "function 'fn:foo' is already registered")

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as ctx:
            parser.external_function(foo, 'concat')
        self.assertEqual(str(ctx.exception), "function 'fn:concat' is already registered")

        if self.parser.version >= '3.0':
            with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as ctx:
                parser.external_function(foo, 'pi', 'math')
            self.assertEqual(str(ctx.exception), "function 'math:pi' is already registered")

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as ctx:
            parser.external_function(foo, 'some')
        self.assertIn("'some' name collides with <class", str(ctx.exception))

    def test_external_function_arity(self):

        def foo():
            return 'bar'

        parser = self.parser.__class__()
        token_class = parser.external_function(foo)
        self.assertEqual(token_class.nargs, 0)
        self.assertEqual(parser.parse('foo()').evaluate(), 'bar')
        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, parser.parse, 'foo(1)')

        def foo(x):
            return str(x)

        parser = self.parser.__class__()
        token_class = parser.external_function(foo)
        self.assertEqual(token_class.nargs, 1)
        self.assertEqual(parser.parse('foo(77)').evaluate(), '77')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, parser.parse, 'foo()')

        def foo(x, y):
            return str(x) + str(y)

        parser = self.parser.__class__()
        token_class = parser.external_function(foo)
        self.assertEqual(token_class.nargs, 2)
        self.assertEqual(parser.parse('foo(77, 88)').evaluate(), '7788')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, parser.parse, 'foo()')
        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, parser.parse, 'foo(6)')

        def foo(x, y=0):
            return str(x) + str(y)

        parser = self.parser.__class__()
        token_class = parser.external_function(foo)
        self.assertEqual(token_class.nargs, (1, 2))
        self.assertEqual(parser.parse('foo(77, 88)').evaluate(), '7788')
        self.assertEqual(parser.parse('foo(6)').evaluate(), '60')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, parser.parse, 'foo()')

        def foo(x=0, y=0):
            return str(x) + str(y)

        parser = self.parser.__class__()
        token_class = parser.external_function(foo)
        self.assertEqual(token_class.nargs, (0, 2))
        self.assertEqual(parser.parse('foo(77, 88)').evaluate(), '7788')
        self.assertEqual(parser.parse('foo(6)').evaluate(), '60')
        self.assertEqual(parser.parse('foo()').evaluate(), '00')
        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, parser.parse, 'foo(1, 2, 3)')

        def foo(x, *args):
            return str(x) + ''.join(str(a) for a in args)

        parser = self.parser.__class__()
        token_class = parser.external_function(foo)
        self.assertEqual(token_class.nargs, (1, None))
        self.assertEqual(parser.parse('foo(7, 8, 9)').evaluate(), '789')
        self.assertEqual(parser.parse('foo(6)').evaluate(), '6')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, parser.parse, 'foo()')

        def foo(*args):
            return ''.join(str(a) for a in args)

        parser = self.parser.__class__()
        token_class = parser.external_function(foo)
        self.assertIsNone(token_class.nargs)
        self.assertEqual(parser.parse('foo(7, 8, 9)').evaluate(), '789')
        self.assertEqual(parser.parse('foo(6)').evaluate(), '6')
        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, parser.parse, 'foo()')

    def test_external_function_arguments(self):

        def foo(x):
            return str(x)

        parser = self.parser.__class__()
        token_class = parser.external_function(foo, sequence_types=('xs:integer', 'xs:string'))
        self.assertEqual(token_class.nargs, 1)
        self.assertEqual(parser.parse('foo(77)').evaluate(), '77')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, parser.parse, 'foo(77.0)')

    def test_external_function_arguments__issue_92(self):

        def select_first(nodes):
            if not isinstance(nodes, list):
                return nodes
            return nodes[0]

        namespaces = {"tst": "http://xmlschema.test/tst"}
        parser = self.parser.__class__(namespaces)

        fn_select_first = parser.external_function(
            select_first, name='select-first', prefix='tst',
            sequence_types=("element()+", "element()")
        )
        self.assertEqual(fn_select_first.nargs, 1)

        xml_data = '<container>\n  <test a="1"/>\n  <test/></container>'
        root = self.etree.XML(xml_data)

        expression = "tst:select-first(//test)"
        root_token = parser.parse(expression)
        context = XPathContext(root)
        result = root_token.get_results(context)
        self.assertEqual(result, [root[0]])

    @unittest.skipIf(xmlschema is None, "xmlschema library is not installed!")
    def test_raw_resolution_for_issue_73(self):

        xsd_source = dedent("""\
        <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
            <xs:element name="values">
                <xs:complexType>
                    <xs:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
                        <xs:element name="decimal_value" type="xs:decimal"/>
                        <xs:element name="string_value" type="xs:string"/>
                        <xs:element name="boolean_value" type="xs:boolean"/>
                        <xs:element name="datetime_value" type="xs:dateTime"/>
                        <xs:element name="date_value" type="xs:date"/>
                    </xs:choice>
                </xs:complexType>
            </xs:element>
        </xs:schema>""")

        xml_source = dedent("""\
        <values>
            <decimal_value>3.14</decimal_value>
            <string_value>foo</string_value>
            <boolean_value>true</boolean_value>
            <datetime_value>2018-01-23T12:34:56Z</datetime_value>
            <date_value>2018-01-23</date_value>
        </values>""")

        schema = xmlschema.XMLSchema(xsd_source)
        assert schema.is_valid(xml_source)

        root = ET.fromstring(xml_source)

        root_node = get_node_tree(root)
        date_node = root_node.elements.get(root[4])
        assert date_node.name == 'date_value'
        assert date_node.xsd_type is None
        assert date_node.typed_value == '2018-01-23'

        schema_proxy = XMLSchemaProxy(schema)
        parser = XPath2Parser(schema=schema_proxy)

        assert date_node.xsd_type is None
        assert date_node.typed_value == '2018-01-23'

        root_token = parser.parse('fn:data(//*)')
        assert date_node.xsd_type is None
        assert date_node.typed_value == '2018-01-23'

        context = XPathContext(root_node, schema=schema_proxy)
        result = root_token.get_results(context)

        assert date_node.typed_value == Date10(2018, 1, 23)
        assert len(result) == 5
        assert result[-1] == Date10(2018, 1, 23)

        token = XPath2Parser().parse('fn:data(.)')
        context = XPathContext(root_node, item=date_node)
        result = token.get_results(context)

        assert result == [Date10(2018, 1, 23)]

    def test_proxy_token_disambiguation__issue_078(self):
        root = self.etree.XML(dedent('''\
            <table frame="all" rowsep="1" colsep="1" id="flowers_table">
                <title>Flowers</title>
                <tgroup cols="3">
                  <colspec colname="c1" colnum="1" colwidth="1.0*"/>
                  <colspec colname="c2" colnum="2" colwidth="1.0*"/>
                  <colspec colname="c3" colnum="3" colwidth="1.0*"/>
                  <thead>
                    <row>
                      <entry>Flower</entry>
                      <entry>Type</entry>
                    </row>
                  </thead>
                  <tbody>
                    <row>
                      <entry>Chrysanthemum</entry>
                      <entry>perennial</entry>
                      <entry>well drained</entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                      <entry>Gardenia</entry>
                      <entry>perennial</entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                      <entry>Gerbera</entry>
                      <entry>annual</entry>
                      <entry>sandy, well-drained</entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                      <entry>Iris</entry>
                    </row>
                  </tbody>
                </tgroup>
              </table>'''))

        results = select(root, 'min(.//row/count(entry))', parser=self.parser.__class__)
        self.assertEqual(results, 1)


@unittest.skipIf(lxml_etree is None, "The lxml library is not installed")
class LxmlXPath2ParserTest(XPath2ParserTest):
    etree = lxml_etree

    def test_input_selector(self):
        body = '<input/>'
        root = self.etree.fromstring(body, parser=lxml_html.HTMLParser())
        result = select(root, '//input')
        self.assertEqual(len(result), 1)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()