/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.commons.lang;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Iterator;

import junit.framework.Test;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import junit.framework.TestSuite;
import junit.textui.TestRunner;

/**
 * Unit tests {@link org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils}.
 *
 * @author Daniel L. Rall
 * @author Stephen Colebourne
 * @author <a href="mailto:ridesmet@users.sourceforge.net">Ringo De Smet</a>
 * @author <a href="mailto:fredrik@westermarck.com>Fredrik Westermarck</a>
 * @author Holger Krauth
 * @author <a href="hps@intermeta.de">Henning P. Schmiedehausen</a>
 * @author Phil Steitz
 * @author Gary D. Gregory
 * @author Scott Johnson
 * @author Al Chou
 * @version $Id: StringUtilsTest.java 618882 2008-02-06 04:32:56Z ggregory $
 */
public class StringUtilsTest extends TestCase {
    
    static final String WHITESPACE;
    static final String NON_WHITESPACE;
    static final String TRIMMABLE;
    static final String NON_TRIMMABLE;
    static {
        String ws = "";
        String nws = "";
        String tr = "";
        String ntr = "";
        for (int i = 0; i < Character.MAX_VALUE; i++) {
            if (Character.isWhitespace((char) i)) {
                ws += String.valueOf((char) i);
                if (i > 32) {
                    ntr += String.valueOf((char) i);
                }
            } else if (i < 40) {
                nws += String.valueOf((char) i);
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i <= 32; i++) {
            tr += String.valueOf((char) i);
        }
        WHITESPACE = ws;
        NON_WHITESPACE = nws;
        TRIMMABLE = tr;
        NON_TRIMMABLE = ntr;
    }

    private static final String[] ARRAY_LIST = { "foo", "bar", "baz" };
    private static final String[] EMPTY_ARRAY_LIST = {};
    private static final String[] NULL_ARRAY_LIST = {null};
    private static final String[] MIXED_ARRAY_LIST = {null, "", "foo"};
    private static final Object[] MIXED_TYPE_LIST = {new String("foo"), new Long(2)};

    private static final String SEPARATOR = ",";
    private static final char   SEPARATOR_CHAR = ';';

    private static final String TEXT_LIST = "foo,bar,baz";
    private static final String TEXT_LIST_CHAR = "foo;bar;baz";
    private static final String TEXT_LIST_NOSEP = "foobarbaz";

    private static final String FOO_UNCAP = "foo";
    private static final String FOO_CAP = "Foo";

    private static final String SENTENCE_UNCAP = "foo bar baz";
    private static final String SENTENCE_CAP = "Foo Bar Baz";

    public StringUtilsTest(String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestRunner.run(suite());
    }

    public static Test suite() {
        TestSuite suite = new TestSuite(StringUtilsTest.class);
        suite.setName("StringUtilsTest Tests");
        return suite;
    }

    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
        super.setUp();
    }

    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
        super.tearDown();
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    public void testConstructor() {
        assertNotNull(new StringUtils());
        Constructor[] cons = StringUtils.class.getDeclaredConstructors();
        assertEquals(1, cons.length);
        assertEquals(true, Modifier.isPublic(cons[0].getModifiers()));
        assertEquals(true, Modifier.isPublic(StringUtils.class.getModifiers()));
        assertEquals(false, Modifier.isFinal(StringUtils.class.getModifiers()));
    }
    
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    public void testCaseFunctions() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.upperCase(null));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.lowerCase(null));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.capitalize(null));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.uncapitalise(null));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.uncapitalize(null));

        assertEquals("capitalise(String) failed",
                    FOO_CAP, StringUtils.capitalise(FOO_UNCAP) );
        assertEquals("capitalise(empty-string) failed",
                    "", StringUtils.capitalise("") );
        assertEquals("capitalise(single-char-string) failed",
                    "X", StringUtils.capitalise("x") );
        assertEquals("capitalize(String) failed",
                     FOO_CAP, StringUtils.capitalize(FOO_UNCAP) );
        assertEquals("capitalize(empty-string) failed",
                     "", StringUtils.capitalize("") );
        assertEquals("capitalize(single-char-string) failed",
                     "X", StringUtils.capitalize("x") );
        assertEquals("uncapitalise(String) failed",
                     FOO_UNCAP, StringUtils.uncapitalise(FOO_CAP) );
        assertEquals("uncapitalise(empty-string) failed",
                     "", StringUtils.uncapitalise("") );
        assertEquals("uncapitalise(single-char-string) failed",
                     "x", StringUtils.uncapitalise("X") );
        assertEquals("uncapitalize(String) failed",
                     FOO_UNCAP, StringUtils.uncapitalize(FOO_CAP) );
        assertEquals("uncapitalize(empty-string) failed",
                     "", StringUtils.uncapitalize("") );
        assertEquals("uncapitalize(single-char-string) failed",
                     "x", StringUtils.uncapitalize("X") );
                     
        // reflection type of tests: Sentences.
        assertEquals("uncapitalise(capitalise(String)) failed",
                     SENTENCE_UNCAP, StringUtils.uncapitalise(StringUtils.capitalise(SENTENCE_UNCAP)) );
        assertEquals("capitalise(uncapitalise(String)) failed",
                     SENTENCE_CAP, StringUtils.capitalise(StringUtils.uncapitalise(SENTENCE_CAP)) );
        assertEquals("uncapitalize(capitalize(String)) failed",
                     SENTENCE_UNCAP, StringUtils.uncapitalize(StringUtils.capitalize(SENTENCE_UNCAP)) );
        assertEquals("capitalize(uncapitalize(String)) failed",
                     SENTENCE_CAP, StringUtils.capitalize(StringUtils.uncapitalize(SENTENCE_CAP)) );

        // reflection type of tests: One word.
        assertEquals("uncapitalise(capitalise(String)) failed",
                     FOO_UNCAP, StringUtils.uncapitalise(StringUtils.capitalise(FOO_UNCAP)) );
        assertEquals("capitalise(uncapitalise(String)) failed",
                     FOO_CAP, StringUtils.capitalise(StringUtils.uncapitalise(FOO_CAP)) );
        assertEquals("uncapitalize(capitalize(String)) failed",
                     FOO_UNCAP, StringUtils.uncapitalize(StringUtils.capitalize(FOO_UNCAP)) );
        assertEquals("capitalize(uncapitalize(String)) failed",
                     FOO_CAP, StringUtils.capitalize(StringUtils.uncapitalize(FOO_CAP)) );

        assertEquals("upperCase(String) failed",
                     "FOO TEST THING", StringUtils.upperCase("fOo test THING") );
        assertEquals("upperCase(empty-string) failed",
                     "", StringUtils.upperCase("") );
        assertEquals("lowerCase(String) failed",
                     "foo test thing", StringUtils.lowerCase("fOo test THING") );
        assertEquals("lowerCase(empty-string) failed",
                     "", StringUtils.lowerCase("") );
        
    }

    public void testSwapCase_String() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.swapCase(null));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.swapCase(""));
        assertEquals("  ", StringUtils.swapCase("  "));
        
        assertEquals("i", WordUtils.swapCase("I") );
        assertEquals("I", WordUtils.swapCase("i") );
        assertEquals("I AM HERE 123", StringUtils.swapCase("i am here 123") );
        assertEquals("i aM hERE 123", StringUtils.swapCase("I Am Here 123") );
        assertEquals("I AM here 123", StringUtils.swapCase("i am HERE 123") );
        assertEquals("i am here 123", StringUtils.swapCase("I AM HERE 123") );
        
        String test = "This String contains a TitleCase character: \u01C8";
        String expect = "tHIS sTRING CONTAINS A tITLEcASE CHARACTER: \u01C9";
        assertEquals(expect, WordUtils.swapCase(test));
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    public void testJoin_Objectarray() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.join(null));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.join(EMPTY_ARRAY_LIST));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.join(NULL_ARRAY_LIST));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.join(new String[] {"a", "b", "c"}));
        assertEquals("a", StringUtils.join(new String[] {null, "a", ""}));
        assertEquals("foo", StringUtils.join(MIXED_ARRAY_LIST));
        assertEquals("foo2", StringUtils.join(MIXED_TYPE_LIST));
    }
        
    public void testJoin_ArrayChar() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.join((Object[]) null, ','));
        assertEquals(TEXT_LIST_CHAR, StringUtils.join(ARRAY_LIST, SEPARATOR_CHAR));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.join(EMPTY_ARRAY_LIST, SEPARATOR_CHAR));
        assertEquals(";;foo", StringUtils.join(MIXED_ARRAY_LIST, SEPARATOR_CHAR));
        assertEquals("foo;2", StringUtils.join(MIXED_TYPE_LIST, SEPARATOR_CHAR));

        assertEquals("/", StringUtils.join(MIXED_ARRAY_LIST, '/', 0, MIXED_ARRAY_LIST.length-1));
        assertEquals("foo", StringUtils.join(MIXED_TYPE_LIST, '/', 0, 1));
        assertEquals("foo/2", StringUtils.join(MIXED_TYPE_LIST, '/', 0, 2));
        assertEquals("2", StringUtils.join(MIXED_TYPE_LIST, '/', 1, 2));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.join(MIXED_TYPE_LIST, '/', 2, 1));
    }
    
    public void testJoin_ArrayString() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.join((Object[]) null, null));
        assertEquals(TEXT_LIST_NOSEP, StringUtils.join(ARRAY_LIST, null));
        assertEquals(TEXT_LIST_NOSEP, StringUtils.join(ARRAY_LIST, ""));
        
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.join(NULL_ARRAY_LIST, null));
        
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.join(EMPTY_ARRAY_LIST, null));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.join(EMPTY_ARRAY_LIST, ""));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.join(EMPTY_ARRAY_LIST, SEPARATOR));

        assertEquals(TEXT_LIST, StringUtils.join(ARRAY_LIST, SEPARATOR));
        assertEquals(",,foo", StringUtils.join(MIXED_ARRAY_LIST, SEPARATOR));
        assertEquals("foo,2", StringUtils.join(MIXED_TYPE_LIST, SEPARATOR));

        assertEquals("/", StringUtils.join(MIXED_ARRAY_LIST, "/", 0, MIXED_ARRAY_LIST.length-1));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.join(MIXED_ARRAY_LIST, "", 0, MIXED_ARRAY_LIST.length-1));
        assertEquals("foo", StringUtils.join(MIXED_TYPE_LIST, "/", 0, 1));
        assertEquals("foo/2", StringUtils.join(MIXED_TYPE_LIST, "/", 0, 2));
        assertEquals("2", StringUtils.join(MIXED_TYPE_LIST, "/", 1, 2));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.join(MIXED_TYPE_LIST, "/", 2, 1));
    }
    
    public void testJoin_IteratorChar() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.join((Iterator) null, ','));
        assertEquals(TEXT_LIST_CHAR, StringUtils.join(Arrays.asList(ARRAY_LIST).iterator(), SEPARATOR_CHAR));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.join(Arrays.asList(NULL_ARRAY_LIST).iterator(), SEPARATOR_CHAR));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.join(Arrays.asList(EMPTY_ARRAY_LIST).iterator(), SEPARATOR_CHAR));
        assertEquals("foo", StringUtils.join(Collections.singleton("foo").iterator(), 'x'));
    }
    
    public void testJoin_IteratorString() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.join((Iterator) null, null));
        assertEquals(TEXT_LIST_NOSEP, StringUtils.join(Arrays.asList(ARRAY_LIST).iterator(), null));
        assertEquals(TEXT_LIST_NOSEP, StringUtils.join(Arrays.asList(ARRAY_LIST).iterator(), ""));
        assertEquals("foo", StringUtils.join(Collections.singleton("foo").iterator(), "x"));
        assertEquals("foo", StringUtils.join(Collections.singleton("foo").iterator(), null));

        assertEquals("", StringUtils.join(Arrays.asList(NULL_ARRAY_LIST).iterator(), null));
        
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.join(Arrays.asList(EMPTY_ARRAY_LIST).iterator(), null));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.join(Arrays.asList(EMPTY_ARRAY_LIST).iterator(), ""));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.join(Arrays.asList(EMPTY_ARRAY_LIST).iterator(), SEPARATOR));
        
        assertEquals(TEXT_LIST, StringUtils.join(Arrays.asList(ARRAY_LIST).iterator(), SEPARATOR));
    }

    public void testJoin_CollectionChar() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.join((Collection) null, ','));
        assertEquals(TEXT_LIST_CHAR, StringUtils.join(Arrays.asList(ARRAY_LIST), SEPARATOR_CHAR));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.join(Arrays.asList(NULL_ARRAY_LIST), SEPARATOR_CHAR));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.join(Arrays.asList(EMPTY_ARRAY_LIST), SEPARATOR_CHAR));
        assertEquals("foo", StringUtils.join(Collections.singleton("foo"), 'x'));
    }

    public void testJoin_CollectionString() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.join((Collection) null, null));
        assertEquals(TEXT_LIST_NOSEP, StringUtils.join(Arrays.asList(ARRAY_LIST), null));
        assertEquals(TEXT_LIST_NOSEP, StringUtils.join(Arrays.asList(ARRAY_LIST), ""));
        assertEquals("foo", StringUtils.join(Collections.singleton("foo"), "x"));
        assertEquals("foo", StringUtils.join(Collections.singleton("foo"), null));

        assertEquals("", StringUtils.join(Arrays.asList(NULL_ARRAY_LIST), null));

        assertEquals("", StringUtils.join(Arrays.asList(EMPTY_ARRAY_LIST), null));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.join(Arrays.asList(EMPTY_ARRAY_LIST), ""));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.join(Arrays.asList(EMPTY_ARRAY_LIST), SEPARATOR));

        assertEquals(TEXT_LIST, StringUtils.join(Arrays.asList(ARRAY_LIST), SEPARATOR));
    }

    public void testDeprecatedConcatenate_Objectarray() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.concatenate(null));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.concatenate(EMPTY_ARRAY_LIST));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.concatenate(NULL_ARRAY_LIST));
        assertEquals("foo", StringUtils.concatenate(MIXED_ARRAY_LIST));
        assertEquals("foo2", StringUtils.concatenate(MIXED_TYPE_LIST));
    }
        
    public void testSplit_String() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.split(null));
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.split("").length);
        
        String str = "a b  .c";
        String[] res = StringUtils.split(str);
        assertEquals(3, res.length);
        assertEquals("a", res[0]);
        assertEquals("b", res[1]);
        assertEquals(".c", res[2]);
        
        str = " a ";
        res = StringUtils.split(str);
        assertEquals(1, res.length);
        assertEquals("a", res[0]);
        
        str = "a" + WHITESPACE + "b" + NON_WHITESPACE + "c";
        res = StringUtils.split(str);
        assertEquals(2, res.length);
        assertEquals("a", res[0]);
        assertEquals("b" + NON_WHITESPACE + "c", res[1]);                       
    }
    
    public void testSplit_StringChar() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.split(null, '.'));
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.split("", '.').length);

        String str = "a.b.. c";
        String[] res = StringUtils.split(str, '.');
        assertEquals(3, res.length);
        assertEquals("a", res[0]);
        assertEquals("b", res[1]);
        assertEquals(" c", res[2]);
            
        str = ".a.";
        res = StringUtils.split(str, '.');
        assertEquals(1, res.length);
        assertEquals("a", res[0]);
        
        str = "a b c";
        res = StringUtils.split(str,' ');
        assertEquals(3, res.length);
        assertEquals("a", res[0]);
        assertEquals("b", res[1]);
        assertEquals("c", res[2]);
    }
    
    public void testSplit_StringString_StringStringInt() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.split(null, "."));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.split(null, ".", 3));
        
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.split("", ".").length);
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.split("", ".", 3).length);
        
        innerTestSplit('.', ".", ' ');
        innerTestSplit('.', ".", ',');
        innerTestSplit('.', ".,", 'x');
        for (int i = 0; i < WHITESPACE.length(); i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < NON_WHITESPACE.length(); j++) {
                innerTestSplit(WHITESPACE.charAt(i), null, NON_WHITESPACE.charAt(j));
                innerTestSplit(WHITESPACE.charAt(i), String.valueOf(WHITESPACE.charAt(i)), NON_WHITESPACE.charAt(j));
            }
        }
        
        String[] results = null;
        String[] expectedResults = {"ab", "de fg"};
        results = StringUtils.split("ab   de fg", null, 2);
        assertEquals(expectedResults.length, results.length);
        for (int i = 0; i < expectedResults.length; i++) {
            assertEquals(expectedResults[i], results[i]);
        }
        
        String[] expectedResults2 = {"ab", "cd:ef"};
        results = StringUtils.split("ab:cd:ef",":", 2);
        assertEquals(expectedResults2.length, results.length);
        for (int i = 0; i < expectedResults2.length; i++) {
            assertEquals(expectedResults2[i], results[i]);
        }
    }
    
    private void innerTestSplit(char separator, String sepStr, char noMatch) {
        String msg = "Failed on separator hex(" + Integer.toHexString(separator) +
            "), noMatch hex(" + Integer.toHexString(noMatch) + "), sepStr(" + sepStr + ")";
        
        final String str = "a" + separator + "b" + separator + separator + noMatch + "c";
        String[] res;
        // (str, sepStr)
        res = StringUtils.split(str, sepStr);
        assertEquals(msg, 3, res.length);
        assertEquals(msg, "a", res[0]);
        assertEquals(msg, "b", res[1]);
        assertEquals(msg, noMatch + "c", res[2]);
        
        final String str2 = separator + "a" + separator;
        res = StringUtils.split(str2, sepStr);
        assertEquals(msg, 1, res.length);
        assertEquals(msg, "a", res[0]);

        res = StringUtils.split(str, sepStr, -1);
        assertEquals(msg, 3, res.length);
        assertEquals(msg, "a", res[0]);
        assertEquals(msg, "b", res[1]);
        assertEquals(msg, noMatch + "c", res[2]);
        
        res = StringUtils.split(str, sepStr, 0);
        assertEquals(msg, 3, res.length);
        assertEquals(msg, "a", res[0]);
        assertEquals(msg, "b", res[1]);
        assertEquals(msg, noMatch + "c", res[2]);
        
        res = StringUtils.split(str, sepStr, 1);
        assertEquals(msg, 1, res.length);
        assertEquals(msg, str, res[0]);
        
        res = StringUtils.split(str, sepStr, 2);
        assertEquals(msg, 2, res.length);
        assertEquals(msg, "a", res[0]);
        assertEquals(msg, str.substring(2), res[1]);
    }

    public void testSplitByWholeString_StringStringBoolean() {
        assertEquals( null, StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparator( null, "." ) ) ;

        assertEquals( 0, StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparator( "", "." ).length ) ;

        String stringToSplitOnNulls = "ab   de fg" ;
        String[] splitOnNullExpectedResults = { "ab", "de", "fg" } ;

        String[] splitOnNullResults = StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparator( "ab   de fg", null ) ;
        assertEquals( splitOnNullExpectedResults.length, splitOnNullResults.length ) ;
        for ( int i = 0 ; i < splitOnNullExpectedResults.length ; i+= 1 ) {
            assertEquals( splitOnNullExpectedResults[i], splitOnNullResults[i] ) ;
        }

        String stringToSplitOnCharactersAndString = "abstemiouslyaeiouyabstemiously" ;

        String[] splitOnStringExpectedResults = { "abstemiously", "abstemiously" } ;
        String[] splitOnStringResults = StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparator( stringToSplitOnCharactersAndString, "aeiouy" ) ;
        assertEquals( splitOnStringExpectedResults.length, splitOnStringResults.length ) ;
        for ( int i = 0 ; i < splitOnStringExpectedResults.length ; i+= 1 ) {
            assertEquals( splitOnStringExpectedResults[i], splitOnStringResults[i] ) ;
        }

        String[] splitWithMultipleSeparatorExpectedResults = {"ab", "cd", "ef"};
        String[] splitWithMultipleSeparator = StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparator("ab:cd::ef", ":");
        assertEquals( splitWithMultipleSeparatorExpectedResults.length, splitWithMultipleSeparator.length );
        for( int i = 0; i < splitWithMultipleSeparatorExpectedResults.length ; i++ ) {
            assertEquals( splitWithMultipleSeparatorExpectedResults[i], splitWithMultipleSeparator[i] ) ;
        }
    }

    public void testSplitByWholeString_StringStringBooleanInt() {
        assertEquals( null, StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparator( null, ".", 3 ) ) ;

        assertEquals( 0, StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparator( "", ".", 3 ).length ) ;

        String stringToSplitOnNulls = "ab   de fg" ;
        String[] splitOnNullExpectedResults = { "ab", "de fg" } ;
        //String[] splitOnNullExpectedResults = { "ab", "de" } ;

        String[] splitOnNullResults = StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparator( stringToSplitOnNulls, null, 2 ) ;
        assertEquals( splitOnNullExpectedResults.length, splitOnNullResults.length ) ;
        for ( int i = 0 ; i < splitOnNullExpectedResults.length ; i+= 1 ) {
            assertEquals( splitOnNullExpectedResults[i], splitOnNullResults[i] ) ;
        }

        String stringToSplitOnCharactersAndString = "abstemiouslyaeiouyabstemiouslyaeiouyabstemiously" ;

        String[] splitOnStringExpectedResults = { "abstemiously", "abstemiouslyaeiouyabstemiously" } ;
        //String[] splitOnStringExpectedResults = { "abstemiously", "abstemiously" } ;
        String[] splitOnStringResults = StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparator( stringToSplitOnCharactersAndString, "aeiouy", 2 ) ;
        assertEquals( splitOnStringExpectedResults.length, splitOnStringResults.length ) ;
        for ( int i = 0 ; i < splitOnStringExpectedResults.length ; i++ ) {
            assertEquals( splitOnStringExpectedResults[i], splitOnStringResults[i] ) ;
        }
    }

    public void testSplitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens_StringStringInt() {
        assertEquals( null, StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens( null, ".", -1 ) ) ;

        assertEquals( 0, StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens( "", ".", -1 ).length ) ;

        // test whitespace
        String input = "ab   de fg" ;
        String[] expected = new String[] { "ab", "", "", "de", "fg" } ;

        String[] actual = StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens( input, null, -1 ) ;
        assertEquals( expected.length, actual.length ) ;
        for ( int i = 0 ; i < actual.length ; i+= 1 ) {
            assertEquals( expected[i], actual[i] );
        }

        // test delimiter singlechar
        input = "1::2:::3::::4";
        expected = new String[] { "1", "", "2", "", "", "3", "", "", "", "4" };

        actual = StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens( input, ":", -1 ) ;
        assertEquals( expected.length, actual.length ) ;
        for ( int i = 0 ; i < actual.length ; i+= 1 ) {
            assertEquals( expected[i], actual[i] );
        }

        // test delimiter multichar
        input = "1::2:::3::::4";
        expected = new String[] { "1", "2", ":3", "", "4" };

        actual = StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens( input, "::", -1 ) ;
        assertEquals( expected.length, actual.length ) ;
        for ( int i = 0 ; i < actual.length ; i+= 1 ) {
            assertEquals( expected[i], actual[i] );
        }

        // test delimiter char with max
        input = "1::2::3:4";
        expected = new String[] { "1", "", "2", ":3:4" };

        actual = StringUtils.splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens( input, ":", 4 ) ;
        assertEquals( expected.length, actual.length ) ;
        for ( int i = 0 ; i < actual.length ; i+= 1 ) {
            assertEquals( expected[i], actual[i] );
        }
    }
    
    public void testSplitPreserveAllTokens_String() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(null));
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens("").length);
        
        String str = "abc def";
        String[] res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str);
        assertEquals(2, res.length);
        assertEquals("abc", res[0]);
        assertEquals("def", res[1]);
        
        str = "abc  def";
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str);
        assertEquals(3, res.length);
        assertEquals("abc", res[0]);
        assertEquals("", res[1]);
        assertEquals("def", res[2]);
        
        str = " abc ";
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str);
        assertEquals(3, res.length);
        assertEquals("", res[0]);
        assertEquals("abc", res[1]);
        assertEquals("", res[2]);
        
        str = "a b .c";
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str);
        assertEquals(3, res.length);
        assertEquals("a", res[0]);
        assertEquals("b", res[1]);
        assertEquals(".c", res[2]);
        
        str = " a b .c";
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str);
        assertEquals(4, res.length);
        assertEquals("", res[0]);
        assertEquals("a", res[1]);
        assertEquals("b", res[2]);
        assertEquals(".c", res[3]);
        
        str = "a  b  .c";
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str);
        assertEquals(5, res.length);
        assertEquals("a", res[0]);
        assertEquals("", res[1]);
        assertEquals("b", res[2]);
        assertEquals("", res[3]);
        assertEquals(".c", res[4]);
        
        str = " a  ";
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str);
        assertEquals(4, res.length);
        assertEquals("", res[0]);
        assertEquals("a", res[1]);
        assertEquals("", res[2]);
        assertEquals("", res[3]);

        str = " a  b";
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str);
        assertEquals(4, res.length);
        assertEquals("", res[0]);
        assertEquals("a", res[1]);
        assertEquals("", res[2]);
        assertEquals("b", res[3]);

        str = "a" + WHITESPACE + "b" + NON_WHITESPACE + "c";
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str);
        assertEquals(WHITESPACE.length() + 1, res.length);
        assertEquals("a", res[0]);
        for(int i = 1; i < WHITESPACE.length()-1; i++)
        {
          assertEquals("", res[i]);
        }
        assertEquals("b" + NON_WHITESPACE + "c", res[WHITESPACE.length()]);                       
    }
    
    public void testSplitPreserveAllTokens_StringChar() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(null, '.'));
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens("", '.').length);

        String str = "a.b. c";
        String[] res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str, '.');
        assertEquals(3, res.length);
        assertEquals("a", res[0]);
        assertEquals("b", res[1]);
        assertEquals(" c", res[2]);
            
        str = "a.b.. c";
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str, '.');
        assertEquals(4, res.length);
        assertEquals("a", res[0]);
        assertEquals("b", res[1]);
        assertEquals("", res[2]);
        assertEquals(" c", res[3]);

        str = ".a.";
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str, '.');
        assertEquals(3, res.length);
        assertEquals("", res[0]);
        assertEquals("a", res[1]);
        assertEquals("", res[2]);
       
        str = ".a..";
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str, '.');
        assertEquals(4, res.length);
        assertEquals("", res[0]);
        assertEquals("a", res[1]);
        assertEquals("", res[2]);
        assertEquals("", res[3]);
        
        str = "..a.";
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str, '.');
        assertEquals(4, res.length);
        assertEquals("", res[0]);
        assertEquals("", res[1]);
        assertEquals("a", res[2]);
        assertEquals("", res[3]);
        
        str = "..a";
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str, '.');
        assertEquals(3, res.length);
        assertEquals("", res[0]);
        assertEquals("", res[1]);
        assertEquals("a", res[2]);
        
        str = "a b c";
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str,' ');
        assertEquals(3, res.length);
        assertEquals("a", res[0]);
        assertEquals("b", res[1]);
        assertEquals("c", res[2]);

        str = "a  b  c";
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str,' ');
        assertEquals(5, res.length);
        assertEquals("a", res[0]);
        assertEquals("", res[1]);
        assertEquals("b", res[2]);
        assertEquals("", res[3]);
        assertEquals("c", res[4]);
        
        str = " a b c";
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str,' ');
        assertEquals(4, res.length);
        assertEquals("", res[0]);
        assertEquals("a", res[1]);
        assertEquals("b", res[2]);
        assertEquals("c", res[3]);

        str = "  a b c";
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str,' ');
        assertEquals(5, res.length);
        assertEquals("", res[0]);
        assertEquals("", res[1]);
        assertEquals("a", res[2]);
        assertEquals("b", res[3]);
        assertEquals("c", res[4]);

        str = "a b c ";
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str,' ');
        assertEquals(4, res.length);
        assertEquals("a", res[0]);
        assertEquals("b", res[1]);
        assertEquals("c", res[2]);
        assertEquals("", res[3]);

        str = "a b c  ";
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str,' ');
        assertEquals(5, res.length);
        assertEquals("a", res[0]);
        assertEquals("b", res[1]);
        assertEquals("c", res[2]);
        assertEquals("", res[3]);
        assertEquals("", res[3]);

        // Match example in javadoc
        {
          String[] results = null;
          String[] expectedResults = {"a", "", "b", "c"};
          results = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens("a..b.c",'.');
          assertEquals(expectedResults.length, results.length);
          for (int i = 0; i < expectedResults.length; i++) {
              assertEquals(expectedResults[i], results[i]);
          }
        }
    }
    
    public void testSplitPreserveAllTokens_StringString_StringStringInt() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(null, "."));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(null, ".", 3));
        
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens("", ".").length);
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens("", ".", 3).length);
        
        innerTestSplitPreserveAllTokens('.', ".", ' ');
        innerTestSplitPreserveAllTokens('.', ".", ',');
        innerTestSplitPreserveAllTokens('.', ".,", 'x');
        for (int i = 0; i < WHITESPACE.length(); i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < NON_WHITESPACE.length(); j++) {
                innerTestSplitPreserveAllTokens(WHITESPACE.charAt(i), null, NON_WHITESPACE.charAt(j));
                innerTestSplitPreserveAllTokens(WHITESPACE.charAt(i), String.valueOf(WHITESPACE.charAt(i)), NON_WHITESPACE.charAt(j));
            }
        }

        {
          String[] results = null;
          String[] expectedResults = {"ab", "de fg"};
          results = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens("ab de fg", null, 2);
          assertEquals(expectedResults.length, results.length);
          for (int i = 0; i < expectedResults.length; i++) {
              assertEquals(expectedResults[i], results[i]);
          }
        }

        {
          String[] results = null;
          String[] expectedResults = {"ab", "  de fg"};
          results = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens("ab   de fg", null, 2);
          System.out.println("");
          assertEquals(expectedResults.length, results.length);
          for (int i = 0; i < expectedResults.length; i++) {
              assertEquals(expectedResults[i], results[i]);
          }
        }
        
        {
          String[] results = null;
          String[] expectedResults = {"ab", "::de:fg"};
          results = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens("ab:::de:fg", ":", 2);
          assertEquals(expectedResults.length, results.length);
          for (int i = 0; i < expectedResults.length; i++) {
              assertEquals(expectedResults[i], results[i]);
          }
        }
        
        {
          String[] results = null;
          String[] expectedResults = {"ab", "", " de fg"};
          results = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens("ab   de fg", null, 3);
          assertEquals(expectedResults.length, results.length);
          for (int i = 0; i < expectedResults.length; i++) {
              assertEquals(expectedResults[i], results[i]);
          }
        }
        
        {
          String[] results = null;
          String[] expectedResults = {"ab", "", "", "de fg"};
          results = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens("ab   de fg", null, 4);
          assertEquals(expectedResults.length, results.length);
          for (int i = 0; i < expectedResults.length; i++) {
              assertEquals(expectedResults[i], results[i]);
          }
        }

        {
          String[] expectedResults = {"ab", "cd:ef"};
          String[] results = null;
          results = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens("ab:cd:ef",":", 2);
          assertEquals(expectedResults.length, results.length);
          for (int i = 0; i < expectedResults.length; i++) {
              assertEquals(expectedResults[i], results[i]);
          }
        }

        {
          String[] results = null;
          String[] expectedResults = {"ab", ":cd:ef"};
          results = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens("ab::cd:ef",":", 2);
          assertEquals(expectedResults.length, results.length);
          for (int i = 0; i < expectedResults.length; i++) {
              assertEquals(expectedResults[i], results[i]);
          }
        }

        {
          String[] results = null;
          String[] expectedResults = {"ab", "", ":cd:ef"};
          results = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens("ab:::cd:ef",":", 3);
          assertEquals(expectedResults.length, results.length);
          for (int i = 0; i < expectedResults.length; i++) {
              assertEquals(expectedResults[i], results[i]);
          }
        }

        {
          String[] results = null;
          String[] expectedResults = {"ab", "", "", "cd:ef"};
          results = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens("ab:::cd:ef",":", 4);
          assertEquals(expectedResults.length, results.length);
          for (int i = 0; i < expectedResults.length; i++) {
              assertEquals(expectedResults[i], results[i]);
          }
        }

        {
          String[] results = null;
          String[] expectedResults = {"", "ab", "", "", "cd:ef"};
          results = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(":ab:::cd:ef",":", 5);
          assertEquals(expectedResults.length, results.length);
          for (int i = 0; i < expectedResults.length; i++) {
              assertEquals(expectedResults[i], results[i]);
          }
        }
        
        {
          String[] results = null;
          String[] expectedResults = {"", "", "ab", "", "", "cd:ef"};
          results = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens("::ab:::cd:ef",":", 6);
          assertEquals(expectedResults.length, results.length);
          for (int i = 0; i < expectedResults.length; i++) {
              assertEquals(expectedResults[i], results[i]);
          }
        }
        
    }
    
    private void innerTestSplitPreserveAllTokens(char separator, String sepStr, char noMatch) {
        String msg = "Failed on separator hex(" + Integer.toHexString(separator) +
            "), noMatch hex(" + Integer.toHexString(noMatch) + "), sepStr(" + sepStr + ")";
        
        final String str = "a" + separator + "b" + separator + separator + noMatch + "c";
        String[] res;
        // (str, sepStr)
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str, sepStr);
        assertEquals(msg, 4, res.length);
        assertEquals(msg, "a", res[0]);
        assertEquals(msg, "b", res[1]);
        assertEquals(msg, "", res[2]);
        assertEquals(msg, noMatch + "c", res[3]);
        
        final String str2 = separator + "a" + separator;
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str2, sepStr);
        assertEquals(msg, 3, res.length);
        assertEquals(msg, "", res[0]);
        assertEquals(msg, "a", res[1]);
        assertEquals(msg, "", res[2]);

        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str, sepStr, -1);
        assertEquals(msg, 4, res.length);
        assertEquals(msg, "a", res[0]);
        assertEquals(msg, "b", res[1]);
        assertEquals(msg, "", res[2]);
        assertEquals(msg, noMatch + "c", res[3]);
        
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str, sepStr, 0);
        assertEquals(msg, 4, res.length);
        assertEquals(msg, "a", res[0]);
        assertEquals(msg, "b", res[1]);
        assertEquals(msg, "", res[2]);
        assertEquals(msg, noMatch + "c", res[3]);
        
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str, sepStr, 1);
        assertEquals(msg, 1, res.length);
        assertEquals(msg, str, res[0]);
        
        res = StringUtils.splitPreserveAllTokens(str, sepStr, 2);
        assertEquals(msg, 2, res.length);
        assertEquals(msg, "a", res[0]);
        assertEquals(msg, str.substring(2), res[1]);
    }

    public void testSplitByCharacterType() {
        assertNull(StringUtils.splitByCharacterType(null));
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.splitByCharacterType("").length);
        
        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.isEquals(new String[] { "ab", " ", "de", " ",
        "fg" }, StringUtils.splitByCharacterType("ab de fg")));
        
        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.isEquals(new String[] { "ab", "   ", "de", " ",
        "fg" }, StringUtils.splitByCharacterType("ab   de fg")));
        
        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.isEquals(new String[] { "ab", ":", "cd", ":",
        "ef" }, StringUtils.splitByCharacterType("ab:cd:ef")));
        
        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.isEquals(new String[] { "number", "5" },
                StringUtils.splitByCharacterType("number5")));
        
        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.isEquals(new String[] { "foo", "B", "ar" },
                StringUtils.splitByCharacterType("fooBar")));
        
        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.isEquals(new String[] { "foo", "200", "B", "ar" },
                StringUtils.splitByCharacterType("foo200Bar")));
        
        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.isEquals(new String[] { "ASFR", "ules" },
                StringUtils.splitByCharacterType("ASFRules")));
    }
    
    public void testSplitByCharacterTypeCamelCase() {
        assertNull(StringUtils.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase(null));
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase("").length);

        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.isEquals(new String[] { "ab", " ", "de", " ",
                "fg" }, StringUtils.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase("ab de fg")));

        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.isEquals(new String[] { "ab", "   ", "de", " ",
                "fg" }, StringUtils.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase("ab   de fg")));

        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.isEquals(new String[] { "ab", ":", "cd", ":",
                "ef" }, StringUtils.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase("ab:cd:ef")));
        
        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.isEquals(new String[] { "number", "5" },
                StringUtils.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase("number5")));

        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.isEquals(new String[] { "foo", "Bar" },
                StringUtils.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase("fooBar")));

        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.isEquals(new String[] { "foo", "200", "Bar" },
                StringUtils.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase("foo200Bar")));

        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.isEquals(new String[] { "ASF", "Rules" },
                StringUtils.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase("ASFRules")));
    }

    public void testDeprecatedDeleteSpace_String() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.deleteSpaces(null));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.deleteSpaces(""));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.deleteSpaces("    \t\t\n\n   "));
        assertEquals("test", StringUtils.deleteSpaces("t  \t\ne\rs\n\n   \tt"));
    }
    
    public void testDeleteWhitespace_String() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.deleteWhitespace(null));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.deleteWhitespace(""));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.deleteWhitespace("  \u000C  \t\t\u001F\n\n \u000B  "));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.deleteWhitespace(StringUtilsTest.WHITESPACE));
        assertEquals(StringUtilsTest.NON_WHITESPACE, StringUtils.deleteWhitespace(StringUtilsTest.NON_WHITESPACE));
        // Note: u-2007 and u-000A both cause problems in the source code
        // it should ignore 2007 but delete 000A
        assertEquals("\u00A0\u202F", StringUtils.deleteWhitespace("  \u00A0  \t\t\n\n \u202F  "));
        assertEquals("\u00A0\u202F", StringUtils.deleteWhitespace("\u00A0\u202F"));
        assertEquals("test", StringUtils.deleteWhitespace("\u000Bt  \t\n\u0009e\rs\n\n   \tt"));
    }

    public void testReplace_StringStringString() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.replace(null, null, null));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.replace(null, null, "any"));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.replace(null, "any", null));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.replace(null, "any", "any"));

        assertEquals("", StringUtils.replace("", null, null));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.replace("", null, "any"));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.replace("", "any", null));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.replace("", "any", "any"));

        assertEquals("FOO", StringUtils.replace("FOO", "", "any"));
        assertEquals("FOO", StringUtils.replace("FOO", null, "any"));
        assertEquals("FOO", StringUtils.replace("FOO", "F", null));
        assertEquals("FOO", StringUtils.replace("FOO", null, null));

        assertEquals("", StringUtils.replace("foofoofoo", "foo", ""));
        assertEquals("barbarbar", StringUtils.replace("foofoofoo", "foo", "bar"));
        assertEquals("farfarfar", StringUtils.replace("foofoofoo", "oo", "ar"));
       }
    
    public void testReplace_StringStringStringInt() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.replace(null, null, null, 2));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.replace(null, null, "any", 2));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.replace(null, "any", null, 2));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.replace(null, "any", "any", 2));

        assertEquals("", StringUtils.replace("", null, null, 2));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.replace("", null, "any", 2));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.replace("", "any", null, 2));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.replace("", "any", "any", 2));
        
        String str = new String(new char[] {'o', 'o', 'f', 'o', 'o'});
        assertSame(str, StringUtils.replace(str, "x", "", -1));
        
        assertEquals("f", StringUtils.replace("oofoo", "o", "", -1));
        assertEquals("oofoo", StringUtils.replace("oofoo", "o", "", 0));
        assertEquals("ofoo", StringUtils.replace("oofoo", "o", "", 1));
        assertEquals("foo", StringUtils.replace("oofoo", "o", "", 2));
        assertEquals("fo", StringUtils.replace("oofoo", "o", "", 3));
        assertEquals("f", StringUtils.replace("oofoo", "o", "", 4));
        
        assertEquals("f", StringUtils.replace("oofoo", "o", "", -5));
        assertEquals("f", StringUtils.replace("oofoo", "o", "", 1000));
    }
    
    public void testReplaceOnce_StringStringString() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.replaceOnce(null, null, null));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.replaceOnce(null, null, "any"));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.replaceOnce(null, "any", null));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.replaceOnce(null, "any", "any"));

        assertEquals("", StringUtils.replaceOnce("", null, null));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.replaceOnce("", null, "any"));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.replaceOnce("", "any", null));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.replaceOnce("", "any", "any"));

        assertEquals("FOO", StringUtils.replaceOnce("FOO", "", "any"));
        assertEquals("FOO", StringUtils.replaceOnce("FOO", null, "any"));
        assertEquals("FOO", StringUtils.replaceOnce("FOO", "F", null));
        assertEquals("FOO", StringUtils.replaceOnce("FOO", null, null));

        assertEquals("foofoo", StringUtils.replaceOnce("foofoofoo", "foo", ""));
    }

    /**
     * Test method for 'org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils.replaceEach(String, String[], String[])'
     */
    public void testReplace_StringStringArrayStringArray() {

        
        //JAVADOC TESTS START
        assertNull(StringUtils.replaceEach(null, new String[]{"a"}, new String[]{"b"}));
        assertEquals(StringUtils.replaceEach("", new String[]{"a"}, new String[]{"b"}),"");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.replaceEach("aba", null, null),"aba");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.replaceEach("aba", new String[0], null),"aba");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.replaceEach("aba", null, new String[0]),"aba");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.replaceEach("aba", new String[]{"a"}, null),"aba");

        assertEquals(StringUtils.replaceEach("aba", new String[]{"a"}, new String[]{""}),"b");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.replaceEach("aba", new String[]{null}, new String[]{"a"}),"aba");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.replaceEach("abcde", new String[]{"ab", "d"}, new String[]{"w", "t"}),"wcte");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.replaceEach("abcde", new String[]{"ab", "d"}, new String[]{"d", "t"}),"dcte");
        //JAVADOC TESTS END

        assertEquals("bcc", StringUtils.replaceEach("abc", new String[]{"a", "b"}, new String[]{"b", "c"}));
        assertEquals("q651.506bera", StringUtils.replaceEach("d216.102oren",
            new String[]{"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", 
                "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z", "A", "B", "C", "D", 
                "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J", "K", "L", "M", "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", 
                "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9"},
            new String[]{"n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z", "a", 
                "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "N", "O", "P", "Q", 
                "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z", "A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", 
                "H", "I", "J", "K", "L", "M", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "1", "2", "3", "4"}));
    }

    /**
     * Test method for 'org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils.replaceEachRepeatedly(String, String[], String[])'
     */
    public void testReplace_StringStringArrayStringArrayBoolean() {
        //JAVADOC TESTS START
        assertNull(StringUtils.replaceEachRepeatedly(null, new String[]{"a"}, new String[]{"b"}));
        assertEquals(StringUtils.replaceEachRepeatedly("", new String[]{"a"}, new String[]{"b"}),"");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.replaceEachRepeatedly("aba", null, null),"aba");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.replaceEachRepeatedly("aba", new String[0], null),"aba");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.replaceEachRepeatedly("aba", null, new String[0]),"aba");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.replaceEachRepeatedly("aba", new String[0], null),"aba");

        assertEquals(StringUtils.replaceEachRepeatedly("aba", new String[]{"a"}, new String[]{""}),"b");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.replaceEachRepeatedly("aba", new String[]{null}, new String[]{"a"}),"aba");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.replaceEachRepeatedly("abcde", new String[]{"ab", "d"}, new String[]{"w", "t"}),"wcte");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.replaceEachRepeatedly("abcde", new String[]{"ab", "d"}, new String[]{"d", "t"}),"tcte");

        try {
            StringUtils.replaceEachRepeatedly("abcde", new String[]{"ab", "d"}, new String[]{"d", "ab"});
            fail("Should be a circular reference");
        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {}

        //JAVADOC TESTS END

    }
    
    public void testReplaceChars_StringCharChar() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.replaceChars(null, 'b', 'z'));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.replaceChars("", 'b', 'z'));
        assertEquals("azcza", StringUtils.replaceChars("abcba", 'b', 'z'));
        assertEquals("abcba", StringUtils.replaceChars("abcba", 'x', 'z'));
    }
    
    public void testReplaceChars_StringStringString() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.replaceChars(null, null, null));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.replaceChars(null, "", null));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.replaceChars(null, "a", null));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.replaceChars(null, null, ""));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.replaceChars(null, null, "x"));
        
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.replaceChars("", null, null));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.replaceChars("", "", null));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.replaceChars("", "a", null));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.replaceChars("", null, ""));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.replaceChars("", null, "x"));

        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.replaceChars("abc", null, null));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.replaceChars("abc", null, ""));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.replaceChars("abc", null, "x"));
        
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.replaceChars("abc", "", null));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.replaceChars("abc", "", ""));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.replaceChars("abc", "", "x"));
        
        assertEquals("ac", StringUtils.replaceChars("abc", "b", null));
        assertEquals("ac", StringUtils.replaceChars("abc", "b", ""));
        assertEquals("axc", StringUtils.replaceChars("abc", "b", "x"));
        
        assertEquals("ayzya", StringUtils.replaceChars("abcba", "bc", "yz"));
        assertEquals("ayya", StringUtils.replaceChars("abcba", "bc", "y"));
        assertEquals("ayzya", StringUtils.replaceChars("abcba", "bc", "yzx"));
        
        assertEquals("abcba", StringUtils.replaceChars("abcba", "z", "w"));
        assertSame("abcba", StringUtils.replaceChars("abcba", "z", "w"));
        
        // Javadoc examples:
        assertEquals("jelly", StringUtils.replaceChars("hello", "ho", "jy"));
        assertEquals("ayzya", StringUtils.replaceChars("abcba", "bc", "yz"));
        assertEquals("ayya", StringUtils.replaceChars("abcba", "bc", "y"));
        assertEquals("ayzya", StringUtils.replaceChars("abcba", "bc", "yzx"));
        
        // From http://issues.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=25454
        assertEquals("bcc", StringUtils.replaceChars("abc", "ab", "bc"));
        assertEquals("q651.506bera", StringUtils.replaceChars("d216.102oren",
            "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ123456789",
            "nopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklmNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLM567891234"));
    }
    
    public void testDeprecatedOverlayString_StringStringIntInt() {
        assertEquals("overlayString(String, String, int, int) failed",
                     "foo foor baz", StringUtils.overlayString(SENTENCE_UNCAP, FOO_UNCAP, 4, 6) );
        assertEquals("abef", StringUtils.overlayString("abcdef", "", 2, 4));
        assertEquals("abzzzzef", StringUtils.overlayString("abcdef", "zzzz", 2, 4));
        assertEquals("abcdzzzzcdef", StringUtils.overlayString("abcdef", "zzzz", 4, 2));
        try {
            StringUtils.overlayString(null, "zzzz", 2, 4);
            fail();
        } catch (NullPointerException ex) {}
        try {
            StringUtils.overlayString("abcdef", null, 2, 4);
            fail();
        } catch (NullPointerException ex) {}
        try {
            StringUtils.overlayString("abcdef", "zzzz", -1, 4);
            fail();
        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {}
        try {
            StringUtils.overlayString("abcdef", "zzzz", 2, 8);
            fail();
        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {}
    }

    public void testOverlay_StringStringIntInt() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.overlay(null, null, 2, 4));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.overlay(null, null, -2, -4));
        
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.overlay("", null, 0, 0));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.overlay("", "", 0, 0));
        assertEquals("zzzz", StringUtils.overlay("", "zzzz", 0, 0));
        assertEquals("zzzz", StringUtils.overlay("", "zzzz", 2, 4));
        assertEquals("zzzz", StringUtils.overlay("", "zzzz", -2, -4));
        
        assertEquals("abef", StringUtils.overlay("abcdef", null, 2, 4));
        assertEquals("abef", StringUtils.overlay("abcdef", null, 4, 2));
        assertEquals("abef", StringUtils.overlay("abcdef", "", 2, 4));
        assertEquals("abef", StringUtils.overlay("abcdef", "", 4, 2));
        assertEquals("abzzzzef", StringUtils.overlay("abcdef", "zzzz", 2, 4));
        assertEquals("abzzzzef", StringUtils.overlay("abcdef", "zzzz", 4, 2));
        
        assertEquals("zzzzef", StringUtils.overlay("abcdef", "zzzz", -1, 4));
        assertEquals("zzzzef", StringUtils.overlay("abcdef", "zzzz", 4, -1));
        assertEquals("zzzzabcdef", StringUtils.overlay("abcdef", "zzzz", -2, -1));
        assertEquals("zzzzabcdef", StringUtils.overlay("abcdef", "zzzz", -1, -2));
        assertEquals("abcdzzzz", StringUtils.overlay("abcdef", "zzzz", 4, 10));
        assertEquals("abcdzzzz", StringUtils.overlay("abcdef", "zzzz", 10, 4));
        assertEquals("abcdefzzzz", StringUtils.overlay("abcdef", "zzzz", 8, 10));
        assertEquals("abcdefzzzz", StringUtils.overlay("abcdef", "zzzz", 10, 8));
    }

    public void testRepeat_StringInt() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.repeat(null, 2));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.repeat("ab", 0));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.repeat("", 3));
        assertEquals("aaa", StringUtils.repeat("a", 3));
        assertEquals("ababab", StringUtils.repeat("ab", 3));
        assertEquals("abcabcabc", StringUtils.repeat("abc", 3));
        String str = StringUtils.repeat("a", 10000);  // bigger than pad limit
        assertEquals(10000, str.length());
        assertEquals(true, StringUtils.containsOnly(str, new char[] {'a'}));
    }

    public void testDeprecatedChompFunctions() {
        assertEquals("chompLast(String) failed",
                     FOO_UNCAP, StringUtils.chompLast(FOO_UNCAP + "\n") );

        assertEquals("chompLast(\"\") failed",
            "", StringUtils.chompLast("") );
        assertEquals("chompLast(\"test\", \"test\") failed",
            "test", StringUtils.chompLast("test", "tst") );
        
        assertEquals("getChomp(String, String) failed",
                     "\n" + FOO_UNCAP, StringUtils.getChomp(FOO_UNCAP + "\n" + FOO_UNCAP, "\n") );
        assertEquals("getChomp(String, String) failed",
                     FOO_CAP, StringUtils.getChomp(FOO_CAP+FOO_CAP, FOO_CAP));
        assertEquals("getChomp(String, String) failed",
                     "", StringUtils.getChomp(FOO_UNCAP, FOO_CAP));

        assertEquals("prechomp(String, String) failed",
                     FOO_UNCAP, StringUtils.prechomp(FOO_UNCAP + "\n" + FOO_UNCAP, "\n") );
        assertEquals("prechomp(String, String) failed",
                     FOO_UNCAP, StringUtils.prechomp(FOO_UNCAP, FOO_CAP));
        
        assertEquals("getPrechomp(String, String) failed",
                     FOO_UNCAP + "\n", StringUtils.getPrechomp(FOO_UNCAP + "\n" + FOO_UNCAP, "\n") );
        assertEquals("getPrechomp(String, String) failed",
                     "", StringUtils.getPrechomp(FOO_CAP, FOO_UNCAP));
        
        assertEquals("chopNewline(String, String) failed",
                     FOO_UNCAP, StringUtils.chopNewline(FOO_UNCAP + "\r\n") );
    }

    public void testChop() {

        String[][] chopCases = {
            { FOO_UNCAP + "\r\n", FOO_UNCAP } ,
            { FOO_UNCAP + "\n" , FOO_UNCAP } ,
            { FOO_UNCAP + "\r", FOO_UNCAP },
            { FOO_UNCAP + " \r", FOO_UNCAP + " " },
            { "foo", "fo"},
            { "foo\nfoo", "foo\nfo" },
            { "\n", "" },
            { "\r", "" },
            { "\r\n", "" },
            { null, null },
            { "", "" },
            { "a", "" },
        };
        for (int i = 0; i < chopCases.length; i++) {
            String original = chopCases[i][0];
            String expectedResult = chopCases[i][1];
            assertEquals("chop(String) failed",
                    expectedResult, StringUtils.chop(original));
        }
    }

    public void testChomp() {

        String[][] chompCases = {
            { FOO_UNCAP + "\r\n", FOO_UNCAP },
            { FOO_UNCAP + "\n" , FOO_UNCAP },
            { FOO_UNCAP + "\r", FOO_UNCAP },
            { FOO_UNCAP + " \r", FOO_UNCAP + " " },
            { FOO_UNCAP, FOO_UNCAP },
            { FOO_UNCAP + "\n\n", FOO_UNCAP + "\n"},
            { FOO_UNCAP + "\r\n\r\n", FOO_UNCAP + "\r\n" },
            { "foo\nfoo", "foo\nfoo" },
            { "foo\n\rfoo", "foo\n\rfoo" },
            { "\n", "" },
            { "\r", "" },
            { "a", "a" },
            { "\r\n", "" },
            { "", "" },
            { null, null },
            { FOO_UNCAP + "\n\r", FOO_UNCAP + "\n"}
        };
        for (int i = 0; i < chompCases.length; i++) {
            String original = chompCases[i][0];
            String expectedResult = chompCases[i][1];
            assertEquals("chomp(String) failed",
                    expectedResult, StringUtils.chomp(original));
        }

        assertEquals("chomp(String, String) failed",
                "foo", StringUtils.chomp("foobar", "bar"));
        assertEquals("chomp(String, String) failed",
                "foobar", StringUtils.chomp("foobar", "baz"));
        assertEquals("chomp(String, String) failed",
                "foo", StringUtils.chomp("foo", "foooo"));
        assertEquals("chomp(String, String) failed",
                "foobar", StringUtils.chomp("foobar", ""));
        assertEquals("chomp(String, String) failed",
                "foobar", StringUtils.chomp("foobar", null));
        assertEquals("chomp(String, String) failed",
                "", StringUtils.chomp("", "foo"));
        assertEquals("chomp(String, String) failed",
                "", StringUtils.chomp("", null));
        assertEquals("chomp(String, String) failed",
                "", StringUtils.chomp("", ""));
        assertEquals("chomp(String, String) failed",
                null, StringUtils.chomp(null, "foo"));
        assertEquals("chomp(String, String) failed",
                null, StringUtils.chomp(null, null));
        assertEquals("chomp(String, String) failed",
                null, StringUtils.chomp(null, ""));
        assertEquals("chomp(String, String) failed",
                "", StringUtils.chomp("foo", "foo"));
        assertEquals("chomp(String, String) failed",
                " ", StringUtils.chomp(" foo", "foo"));
        assertEquals("chomp(String, String) failed",
                "foo ", StringUtils.chomp("foo ", "foo"));
    }

    public void testChopNewLine() {

        String[][] newLineCases = {
            { FOO_UNCAP + "\r\n", FOO_UNCAP } ,
            { FOO_UNCAP + "\n" , FOO_UNCAP } ,
            { FOO_UNCAP + "\r", FOO_UNCAP + "\r" },
            { FOO_UNCAP, FOO_UNCAP },
            { FOO_UNCAP + "\n" + FOO_UNCAP , FOO_UNCAP + "\n" + FOO_UNCAP },
            { FOO_UNCAP + "\n\n", FOO_UNCAP + "\n"},
            { "\n", "" },
            { "", "" },
            { "\r\n", "" }
      };

      for (int i = 0; i < newLineCases.length; i++) {
          String original = newLineCases[i][0];
          String expectedResult = newLineCases[i][1];
          assertEquals("chopNewline(String) failed",
                  expectedResult, StringUtils.chopNewline(original));
      }
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    public void testRightPad_StringInt() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.rightPad(null, 5));
        assertEquals("     ", StringUtils.rightPad("", 5));
        assertEquals("abc  ", StringUtils.rightPad("abc", 5));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.rightPad("abc", 2));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.rightPad("abc", -1));
    }

    public void testRightPad_StringIntChar() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.rightPad(null, 5, ' '));
        assertEquals("     ", StringUtils.rightPad("", 5, ' '));
        assertEquals("abc  ", StringUtils.rightPad("abc", 5, ' '));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.rightPad("abc", 2, ' '));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.rightPad("abc", -1, ' '));
        assertEquals("abcxx", StringUtils.rightPad("abc", 5, 'x'));
        String str = StringUtils.rightPad("aaa", 10000, 'a');  // bigger than pad length
        assertEquals(10000, str.length());
        assertEquals(true, StringUtils.containsOnly(str, new char[] {'a'}));
    }

    public void testRightPad_StringIntString() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.rightPad(null, 5, "-+"));
        assertEquals("     ", StringUtils.rightPad("", 5, " "));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.rightPad(null, 8, null));
        assertEquals("abc-+-+", StringUtils.rightPad("abc", 7, "-+"));
        assertEquals("abc-+~", StringUtils.rightPad("abc", 6, "-+~"));
        assertEquals("abc-+", StringUtils.rightPad("abc", 5, "-+~"));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.rightPad("abc", 2, " "));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.rightPad("abc", -1, " "));
        assertEquals("abc  ", StringUtils.rightPad("abc", 5, null));
        assertEquals("abc  ", StringUtils.rightPad("abc", 5, ""));
    }
        
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    public void testLeftPad_StringInt() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.leftPad(null, 5));
        assertEquals("     ", StringUtils.leftPad("", 5));
        assertEquals("  abc", StringUtils.leftPad("abc", 5));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.leftPad("abc", 2));
    }
        
    public void testLeftPad_StringIntChar() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.leftPad(null, 5, ' '));
        assertEquals("     ", StringUtils.leftPad("", 5, ' '));
        assertEquals("  abc", StringUtils.leftPad("abc", 5, ' '));
        assertEquals("xxabc", StringUtils.leftPad("abc", 5, 'x'));
        assertEquals("\uffff\uffffabc", StringUtils.leftPad("abc", 5, '\uffff'));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.leftPad("abc", 2, ' '));
        String str = StringUtils.leftPad("aaa", 10000, 'a');  // bigger than pad length
        assertEquals(10000, str.length());
        assertEquals(true, StringUtils.containsOnly(str, new char[] {'a'}));
    }
        
    public void testLeftPad_StringIntString() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.leftPad(null, 5, "-+"));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.leftPad(null, 5, null));
        assertEquals("     ", StringUtils.leftPad("", 5, " "));
        assertEquals("-+-+abc", StringUtils.leftPad("abc", 7, "-+"));
        assertEquals("-+~abc", StringUtils.leftPad("abc", 6, "-+~"));
        assertEquals("-+abc", StringUtils.leftPad("abc", 5, "-+~"));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.leftPad("abc", 2, " "));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.leftPad("abc", -1, " "));
        assertEquals("  abc", StringUtils.leftPad("abc", 5, null));
        assertEquals("  abc", StringUtils.leftPad("abc", 5, ""));
    }

    public void testLength() {
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.length(null));
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.length(""));
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.length(StringUtils.EMPTY));
        assertEquals(1, StringUtils.length("A"));
        assertEquals(1, StringUtils.length(" "));
        assertEquals(8, StringUtils.length("ABCDEFGH"));
    }
    
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    public void testCenter_StringInt() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.center(null, -1));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.center(null, 4));
        assertEquals("    ", StringUtils.center("", 4));
        assertEquals("ab", StringUtils.center("ab", 0));
        assertEquals("ab", StringUtils.center("ab", -1));
        assertEquals("ab", StringUtils.center("ab", 1));
        assertEquals("    ", StringUtils.center("", 4));
        assertEquals(" ab ", StringUtils.center("ab", 4));
        assertEquals("abcd", StringUtils.center("abcd", 2));
        assertEquals(" a  ", StringUtils.center("a", 4));
        assertEquals("  a  ", StringUtils.center("a", 5));
    }
    
    public void testCenter_StringIntChar() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.center(null, -1, ' '));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.center(null, 4, ' '));
        assertEquals("    ", StringUtils.center("", 4, ' '));
        assertEquals("ab", StringUtils.center("ab", 0, ' '));
        assertEquals("ab", StringUtils.center("ab", -1, ' '));
        assertEquals("ab", StringUtils.center("ab", 1, ' '));
        assertEquals("    ", StringUtils.center("", 4, ' '));
        assertEquals(" ab ", StringUtils.center("ab", 4, ' '));
        assertEquals("abcd", StringUtils.center("abcd", 2, ' '));
        assertEquals(" a  ", StringUtils.center("a", 4, ' '));
        assertEquals("  a  ", StringUtils.center("a", 5, ' '));
        assertEquals("xxaxx", StringUtils.center("a", 5, 'x'));
    }
    
    public void testCenter_StringIntString() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.center(null, 4, null));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.center(null, -1, " "));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.center(null, 4, " "));
        assertEquals("    ", StringUtils.center("", 4, " "));
        assertEquals("ab", StringUtils.center("ab", 0, " "));
        assertEquals("ab", StringUtils.center("ab", -1, " "));
        assertEquals("ab", StringUtils.center("ab", 1, " "));
        assertEquals("    ", StringUtils.center("", 4, " "));
        assertEquals(" ab ", StringUtils.center("ab", 4, " "));
        assertEquals("abcd", StringUtils.center("abcd", 2, " "));
        assertEquals(" a  ", StringUtils.center("a", 4, " "));
        assertEquals("yayz", StringUtils.center("a", 4, "yz"));
        assertEquals("yzyayzy", StringUtils.center("a", 7, "yz"));
        assertEquals("  abc  ", StringUtils.center("abc", 7, null));
        assertEquals("  abc  ", StringUtils.center("abc", 7, ""));
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    public void testReverse_String() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.reverse(null) );
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.reverse("") );
        assertEquals("sdrawkcab", StringUtils.reverse("backwards") );
    }
        
    public void testReverseDelimited_StringChar() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.reverseDelimited(null, '.') );
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.reverseDelimited("", '.') );
        assertEquals("c.b.a", StringUtils.reverseDelimited("a.b.c", '.') );
        assertEquals("a b c", StringUtils.reverseDelimited("a b c", '.') );
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.reverseDelimited("", '.') );
    }

    public void testDeprecatedReverseDelimitedString_StringString() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.reverseDelimitedString(null, null) );
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.reverseDelimitedString("", null) );
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.reverseDelimitedString("", ".") );
        assertEquals("a.b.c", StringUtils.reverseDelimitedString("a.b.c", null) );
        assertEquals("c b a", StringUtils.reverseDelimitedString("a b c", null) );
        assertEquals("c.b.a", StringUtils.reverseDelimitedString("a.b.c", ".") );
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    public void testDefault_String() {
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.defaultString(null));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.defaultString(""));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.defaultString("abc"));
    }

    public void testDefault_StringString() {
        assertEquals("NULL", StringUtils.defaultString(null, "NULL"));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.defaultString("", "NULL"));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.defaultString("abc", "NULL"));
    }

    public void testDefaultIfEmpty_StringString() {
        assertEquals("NULL", StringUtils.defaultIfEmpty(null, "NULL"));
        assertEquals("NULL", StringUtils.defaultIfEmpty("", "NULL"));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.defaultIfEmpty("abc", "NULL"));
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    public void testDeprecatedEscapeFunctions_String() {
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.escape("") );
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.escape("abc") );
        assertEquals("\\t", StringUtils.escape("\t") );
        assertEquals("\\\\", StringUtils.escape("\\") );
        assertEquals("\\\\\\b\\t\\r", StringUtils.escape("\\\b\t\r") );
        assertEquals("\\u1234", StringUtils.escape("\u1234") );
        assertEquals("\\u0234", StringUtils.escape("\u0234") );
        assertEquals("\\u00FD", StringUtils.escape("\u00fd") );
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    public void testAbbreviate_StringInt() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.abbreviate(null, 10));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.abbreviate("", 10));
        assertEquals("short", StringUtils.abbreviate("short", 10));
        assertEquals("Now is ...", StringUtils.abbreviate("Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their party.", 10));

        String raspberry = "raspberry peach";
        assertEquals("raspberry p...", StringUtils.abbreviate(raspberry, 14));
        assertEquals("raspberry peach", StringUtils.abbreviate("raspberry peach", 15));
        assertEquals("raspberry peach", StringUtils.abbreviate("raspberry peach", 16));
        assertEquals("abc...", StringUtils.abbreviate("abcdefg", 6));
        assertEquals("abcdefg", StringUtils.abbreviate("abcdefg", 7));
        assertEquals("abcdefg", StringUtils.abbreviate("abcdefg", 8));
        assertEquals("a...", StringUtils.abbreviate("abcdefg", 4));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.abbreviate("", 4));
        
        try {
            String res = StringUtils.abbreviate("abc", 3);
            fail("StringUtils.abbreviate expecting IllegalArgumentException");
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
                // empty
        }              
    }
    
    public void testAbbreviate_StringIntInt() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.abbreviate(null, 10, 12));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.abbreviate("", 0, 10));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.abbreviate("", 2, 10));
        
        try {
            String res = StringUtils.abbreviate("abcdefghij", 0, 3);
            fail("StringUtils.abbreviate expecting IllegalArgumentException");
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
                // empty
        }      
        try {
            String res = StringUtils.abbreviate("abcdefghij", 5, 6);
            fail("StringUtils.abbreviate expecting IllegalArgumentException");
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
                // empty
        }      
        

        String raspberry = "raspberry peach";
        assertEquals("raspberry peach", StringUtils.abbreviate(raspberry, 11, 15));

        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.abbreviate(null, 7, 14));
        assertAbbreviateWithOffset("abcdefg...", -1, 10);
        assertAbbreviateWithOffset("abcdefg...", 0, 10);
        assertAbbreviateWithOffset("abcdefg...", 1, 10);
        assertAbbreviateWithOffset("abcdefg...", 2, 10);
        assertAbbreviateWithOffset("abcdefg...", 3, 10);
        assertAbbreviateWithOffset("abcdefg...", 4, 10);
        assertAbbreviateWithOffset("...fghi...", 5, 10);
        assertAbbreviateWithOffset("...ghij...", 6, 10);
        assertAbbreviateWithOffset("...hijk...", 7, 10);
        assertAbbreviateWithOffset("...ijklmno", 8, 10);
        assertAbbreviateWithOffset("...ijklmno", 9, 10);
        assertAbbreviateWithOffset("...ijklmno", 10, 10);
        assertAbbreviateWithOffset("...ijklmno", 10, 10);
        assertAbbreviateWithOffset("...ijklmno", 11, 10);
        assertAbbreviateWithOffset("...ijklmno", 12, 10);
        assertAbbreviateWithOffset("...ijklmno", 13, 10);
        assertAbbreviateWithOffset("...ijklmno", 14, 10);
        assertAbbreviateWithOffset("...ijklmno", 15, 10);
        assertAbbreviateWithOffset("...ijklmno", 16, 10);
        assertAbbreviateWithOffset("...ijklmno", Integer.MAX_VALUE, 10);
    }

    private void assertAbbreviateWithOffset(String expected, int offset, int maxWidth) {
        String abcdefghijklmno = "abcdefghijklmno";
        String message = "abbreviate(String,int,int) failed";
        String actual = StringUtils.abbreviate(abcdefghijklmno, offset, maxWidth);
        if (offset >= 0 && offset < abcdefghijklmno.length()) {
            assertTrue(message + " -- should contain offset character",
                    actual.indexOf((char)('a'+offset)) != -1);
        }
        assertTrue(message + " -- should not be greater than maxWidth",
                actual.length() <= maxWidth);
        assertEquals(message, expected, actual);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    public void testDifference_StringString() {
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.difference(null, null));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.difference("", ""));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.difference("", "abc"));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.difference("abc", ""));
        assertEquals("i am a robot", StringUtils.difference(null, "i am a robot"));
        assertEquals("i am a machine", StringUtils.difference("i am a machine", null));
        assertEquals("robot", StringUtils.difference("i am a machine", "i am a robot"));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.difference("abc", "abc"));
        assertEquals("you are a robot", StringUtils.difference("i am a robot", "you are a robot"));
    }

    public void testDifferenceAt_StringString() {
        assertEquals(-1, StringUtils.indexOfDifference(null, null));
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.indexOfDifference(null, "i am a robot"));
        assertEquals(-1, StringUtils.indexOfDifference("", ""));
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.indexOfDifference("", "abc"));
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.indexOfDifference("abc", ""));
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.indexOfDifference("i am a machine", null));
        assertEquals(7, StringUtils.indexOfDifference("i am a machine", "i am a robot"));
        assertEquals(-1, StringUtils.indexOfDifference("foo", "foo"));
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.indexOfDifference("i am a robot", "you are a robot"));
        //System.out.println("indexOfDiff: " + StringUtils.indexOfDifference("i am a robot", "not machine"));
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    public void testGetLevenshteinDistance_StringString() {
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.getLevenshteinDistance("", "") );
        assertEquals(1, StringUtils.getLevenshteinDistance("", "a") );
        assertEquals(7, StringUtils.getLevenshteinDistance("aaapppp", "") );
        assertEquals(1, StringUtils.getLevenshteinDistance("frog", "fog") );
        assertEquals(3, StringUtils.getLevenshteinDistance("fly", "ant") );
        assertEquals(7, StringUtils.getLevenshteinDistance("elephant", "hippo") );
        assertEquals(7, StringUtils.getLevenshteinDistance("hippo", "elephant") );
        assertEquals(8, StringUtils.getLevenshteinDistance("hippo", "zzzzzzzz") );
        assertEquals(8, StringUtils.getLevenshteinDistance("zzzzzzzz", "hippo") );
        assertEquals(1, StringUtils.getLevenshteinDistance("hello", "hallo") );
        try {
            int d = StringUtils.getLevenshteinDistance("a", null);
            fail("expecting IllegalArgumentException");
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
            // empty
        }
        try {
            int d = StringUtils.getLevenshteinDistance(null, "a");
            fail("expecting IllegalArgumentException");
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
            // empty
        }
    }

    /**
     * A sanity check for {@link StringUtils#EMPTY}.
     */
    public void testEMPTY() {
        assertNotNull(StringUtils.EMPTY);
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.EMPTY);
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.EMPTY.length());
    }
    
    public void testRemoveStart() {
        // StringUtils.removeStart("", *)        = ""
        assertNull(StringUtils.removeStart(null, null));
        assertNull(StringUtils.removeStart(null, ""));
        assertNull(StringUtils.removeStart(null, "a"));
        
        // StringUtils.removeStart(*, null)      = *
        assertEquals(StringUtils.removeStart("", null), "");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.removeStart("", ""), "");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.removeStart("", "a"), "");
        
        // All others:
        assertEquals(StringUtils.removeStart("www.domain.com", "www."), "domain.com");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.removeStart("domain.com", "www."), "domain.com");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.removeStart("domain.com", ""), "domain.com");        
        assertEquals(StringUtils.removeStart("domain.com", null), "domain.com");        
    }
    
    public void testRemoveStartIgnoreCase() {
        // StringUtils.removeStart("", *)        = ""
        assertNull("removeStartIgnoreCase(null, null)", StringUtils.removeStartIgnoreCase(null, null));
        assertNull("removeStartIgnoreCase(null, \"\")", StringUtils.removeStartIgnoreCase(null, ""));
        assertNull("removeStartIgnoreCase(null, \"a\")", StringUtils.removeStartIgnoreCase(null, "a"));
        
        // StringUtils.removeStart(*, null)      = *
        assertEquals("removeStartIgnoreCase(\"\", null)", StringUtils.removeStartIgnoreCase("", null), "");
        assertEquals("removeStartIgnoreCase(\"\", \"\")", StringUtils.removeStartIgnoreCase("", ""), "");
        assertEquals("removeStartIgnoreCase(\"\", \"a\")", StringUtils.removeStartIgnoreCase("", "a"), "");
        
        // All others:
        assertEquals("removeStartIgnoreCase(\"www.domain.com\", \"www.\")", StringUtils.removeStartIgnoreCase("www.domain.com", "www."), "domain.com");
        assertEquals("removeStartIgnoreCase(\"domain.com\", \"www.\")", StringUtils.removeStartIgnoreCase("domain.com", "www."), "domain.com");
        assertEquals("removeStartIgnoreCase(\"domain.com\", \"\")", StringUtils.removeStartIgnoreCase("domain.com", ""), "domain.com");        
        assertEquals("removeStartIgnoreCase(\"domain.com\", null)", StringUtils.removeStartIgnoreCase("domain.com", null), "domain.com");        
        
        // Case insensitive:
        assertEquals("removeStartIgnoreCase(\"www.domain.com\", \"WWW.\")", StringUtils.removeStartIgnoreCase("www.domain.com", "WWW."), "domain.com");
    }

    public void testRemoveEnd() {
        // StringUtils.removeEnd("", *)        = ""
        assertNull(StringUtils.removeEnd(null, null));
        assertNull(StringUtils.removeEnd(null, ""));
        assertNull(StringUtils.removeEnd(null, "a"));
        
        // StringUtils.removeEnd(*, null)      = *
        assertEquals(StringUtils.removeEnd("", null), "");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.removeEnd("", ""), "");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.removeEnd("", "a"), "");
        
        // All others:
        assertEquals(StringUtils.removeEnd("www.domain.com.", ".com"), "www.domain.com.");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.removeEnd("www.domain.com", ".com"), "www.domain");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.removeEnd("www.domain", ".com"), "www.domain");
        assertEquals(StringUtils.removeEnd("domain.com", ""), "domain.com");   
        assertEquals(StringUtils.removeEnd("domain.com", null), "domain.com");   
    }

    public void testRemoveEndIgnoreCase() {
        // StringUtils.removeEndIgnoreCase("", *)        = ""
        assertNull("removeEndIgnoreCase(null, null)", StringUtils.removeEndIgnoreCase(null, null));
        assertNull("removeEndIgnoreCase(null, \"\")", StringUtils.removeEndIgnoreCase(null, ""));
        assertNull("removeEndIgnoreCase(null, \"a\")", StringUtils.removeEndIgnoreCase(null, "a"));
        
        // StringUtils.removeEnd(*, null)      = *
        assertEquals("removeEndIgnoreCase(\"\", null)", StringUtils.removeEndIgnoreCase("", null), "");
        assertEquals("removeEndIgnoreCase(\"\", \"\")", StringUtils.removeEndIgnoreCase("", ""), "");
        assertEquals("removeEndIgnoreCase(\"\", \"a\")", StringUtils.removeEndIgnoreCase("", "a"), "");
        
        // All others:
        assertEquals("removeEndIgnoreCase(\"www.domain.com.\", \".com\")", StringUtils.removeEndIgnoreCase("www.domain.com.", ".com"), "www.domain.com.");
        assertEquals("removeEndIgnoreCase(\"www.domain.com\", \".com\")", StringUtils.removeEndIgnoreCase("www.domain.com", ".com"), "www.domain");
        assertEquals("removeEndIgnoreCase(\"www.domain\", \".com\")", StringUtils.removeEndIgnoreCase("www.domain", ".com"), "www.domain");
        assertEquals("removeEndIgnoreCase(\"domain.com\", \"\")", StringUtils.removeEndIgnoreCase("domain.com", ""), "domain.com");   
        assertEquals("removeEndIgnoreCase(\"domain.com\", null)", StringUtils.removeEndIgnoreCase("domain.com", null), "domain.com");   

        // Case insensitive:
        assertEquals("removeEndIgnoreCase(\"www.domain.com\", \".com\")", StringUtils.removeEndIgnoreCase("www.domain.com", ".COM"), "www.domain");
    }

    public void testRemove_String() {
        // StringUtils.remove(null, *)        = null
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.remove(null, null));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.remove(null, ""));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.remove(null, "a"));
        
        // StringUtils.remove("", *)          = ""
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.remove("", null));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.remove("", ""));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.remove("", "a"));
        
        // StringUtils.remove(*, null)        = *
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.remove(null, null));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.remove("", null));
        assertEquals("a", StringUtils.remove("a", null));
        
        // StringUtils.remove(*, "")          = *
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.remove(null, ""));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.remove("", ""));
        assertEquals("a", StringUtils.remove("a", ""));
        
        // StringUtils.remove("queued", "ue") = "qd"
        assertEquals("qd", StringUtils.remove("queued", "ue"));
        
        // StringUtils.remove("queued", "zz") = "queued"
        assertEquals("queued", StringUtils.remove("queued", "zz"));
    }

    public void testRemove_char() {
        // StringUtils.remove(null, *)       = null
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.remove(null, 'a'));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.remove(null, 'a'));
        assertEquals(null, StringUtils.remove(null, 'a'));
        
        // StringUtils.remove("", *)          = ""
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.remove("", 'a'));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.remove("", 'a'));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.remove("", 'a'));
        
        // StringUtils.remove("queued", 'u') = "qeed"
        assertEquals("qeed", StringUtils.remove("queued", 'u'));
        
        // StringUtils.remove("queued", 'z') = "queued"
        assertEquals("queued", StringUtils.remove("queued", 'z'));
    }

    
    public void testDifferenceAt_StringArray(){        
        assertEquals(-1, StringUtils.indexOfDifference(null));
        assertEquals(-1, StringUtils.indexOfDifference(new String[] {}));
        assertEquals(-1, StringUtils.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"abc"}));
        assertEquals(-1, StringUtils.indexOfDifference(new String[] {null, null}));
        assertEquals(-1, StringUtils.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"", ""}));
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"", null}));
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"abc", null, null}));
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.indexOfDifference(new String[] {null, null, "abc"}));
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"", "abc"}));
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"abc", ""}));
        assertEquals(-1, StringUtils.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"abc", "abc"}));
        assertEquals(1, StringUtils.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"abc", "a"}));
        assertEquals(2, StringUtils.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"ab", "abxyz"}));
        assertEquals(2, StringUtils.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"abcde", "abxyz"}));
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"abcde", "xyz"}));
        assertEquals(0, StringUtils.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"xyz", "abcde"}));
        assertEquals(7, StringUtils.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"i am a machine", "i am a robot"}));
    }
    
    public void testGetCommonPrefix_StringArray(){        
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.getCommonPrefix(null));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {}));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"abc"}));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {null, null}));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"", ""}));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"", null}));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"abc", null, null}));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {null, null, "abc"}));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"", "abc"}));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"abc", ""}));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtils.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"abc", "abc"}));
        assertEquals("a", StringUtils.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"abc", "a"}));
        assertEquals("ab", StringUtils.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"ab", "abxyz"}));
        assertEquals("ab", StringUtils.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"abcde", "abxyz"}));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"abcde", "xyz"}));
        assertEquals("", StringUtils.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"xyz", "abcde"}));
        assertEquals("i am a ", StringUtils.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"i am a machine", "i am a robot"}));
    }
 
}