PostGIS 1.5.3 Manual

Description

box2d is a spatial data type used to represent the enclosing box of a geometry or set of geometries. ST_Extent in earlier versions prior to PostGIS 1.4 would return a box2d.

Description

box3d is a postgis spatial data type used to represent the enclosing box of a geometry or set of geometries. ST_Extent3D returns a box3d object.

Casting Behavor

This section lists the automatic as well as explicit casts allowed for this data type

Description

box3d_extent is a data type returned by ST_Extent. In versions prior to PostGIS 1.4, ST_Extent would return a box2d.

Casting Behavor

This section lists the automatic as well as explicit casts allowed for this data type

See Also

Section 8.5, “PostGIS Box Functions”

Description

geometry is a fundamental postgis spatial data type used to represent a feature in the Euclidean coordinate system.

Casting Behavor

This section lists the automatic as well as explicit casts allowed for this data type

See Also

Section 4.1, “GIS Objects”

Description

geometry_dump is a compound data type consisting of a geometry object referenced by the .geom field and path[] a 1-dimensional integer array (starting at 1 e.g. path[1] to get first element) array that defines the navigation path within the dumped geometry to find this element. It is used by the ST_Dump* family of functions as an output type to explode a more complex geometry into its constituent parts and location of parts.

See Also

Section 8.4, “PostGIS Geometry Dump Functions”

Description

geography is a spatial data type used to represent a feature in the round-earth coordinate system.

Casting Behavor

This section lists the automatic as well as explicit casts allowed for this data type

See Also

Section 8.3, “PostGIS Geography Support Functions”,Section 4.2, “PostGIS Geography Type”

Description

Adds a geometry column to an existing table of attributes. The schema_name is the name of the table schema (unused for pre-schema PostgreSQL installations). The srid must be an integer value reference to an entry in the SPATIAL_REF_SYS table. The type must be an uppercase string corresponding to the geometry type, eg, 'POLYGON' or 'MULTILINESTRING'. An error is thrown if the schemaname doesn't exist (or not visible in the current search_path) or the specified SRID, geometry type, or dimension is invalid.

	Views and derivatively created spatial tables will need to be registered in geometry_columns manually, since AddGeometryColumn also adds a spatial column which is not needed when you already have a spatial column. Refer to Section 4.3.4, “Manually Registering Geometry Columns in geometry_columns”.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1.

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

This method supports Circular Strings and Curves

Examples

-- Create a new simple PostgreSQL table
postgis=# CREATE TABLE my_schema.my_spatial_table (id serial);

-- Describing the table shows a simple table with a single "id" column.
postgis=# \d my_schema.my_spatial_table
							 Table "my_schema.my_spatial_table"
 Column |  Type   |                                Modifiers
--------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 id     | integer | not null default nextval('my_schema.my_spatial_table_id_seq'::regclass)

-- Add a spatial column to the table
postgis=# SELECT AddGeometryColumn ('my_schema','my_spatial_table','the_geom',4326,'POINT',2);

--Add a curvepolygon
SELECT AddGeometryColumn ('my_schema','my_spatial_table','the_geomcp',4326,'CURVEPOLYGON',2);

-- Describe the table again reveals the addition of a new "the_geom" column.
postgis=# \d my_schema.my_spatial_table
   Column   |   Type   |                                Modifiers

------------+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 id         | integer  | not null default nextval('my_schema.my_spatial_table_id_seq'::regclass)
 the_geom   | geometry |
 the_geomcp | geometry |
Check constraints:
	"enforce_dims_the_geom" CHECK (ndims(the_geom) = 2)
	"enforce_dims_the_geomcp" CHECK (ndims(the_geomcp) = 2)
	"enforce_geotype_the_geom" CHECK (geometrytype(the_geom) = 'POINT'::text OR
the_geom IS NULL)
	"enforce_geotype_the_geomcp" CHECK (geometrytype(the_geomcp) = 'CURVEPOLYGON
'::text OR the_geomcp IS NULL)
	"enforce_srid_the_geom" CHECK (srid(the_geom) = 4326)
	"enforce_srid_the_geomcp" CHECK (srid(the_geomcp) = 4326)

See Also

DropGeometryColumn, DropGeometryTable, Section 4.3.4, “Manually Registering Geometry Columns in geometry_columns”

Description

Removes a geometry column from a spatial table. Note that schema_name will need to match the f_table_schema field of the table's row in the geometry_columns table.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1.

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

This method supports Circular Strings and Curves

Examples

			SELECT DropGeometryColumn ('my_schema','my_spatial_table','the_geomcp');
			----RESULT output ---
			my_schema.my_spatial_table.the_geomcp effectively removed.
		

See Also

AddGeometryColumn, DropGeometryTable

Description

Drops a table and all its references in geometry_columns. Note: uses current_schema() on schema-aware pgsql installations if schema is not provided.

Examples

			SELECT DropGeometryTable ('my_schema','my_spatial_table');
			----RESULT output ---
			my_schema.my_spatial_table dropped.
		

See Also

AddGeometryColumn, DropGeometryColumn

Description

Reports full postgis version and build configuration infos.

Examples

SELECT PostGIS_Full_Version();
							   postgis_full_version
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 POSTGIS="1.3.3" GEOS="3.1.0-CAPI-1.5.0" PROJ="Rel. 4.4.9, 29 Oct 2004" USE_STATS
(1 row)

See Also

PostGIS_GEOS_Version, PostGIS_Lib_Version, PostGIS_LibXML_Version, PostGIS_PROJ_Version, PostGIS_Version

Description

Returns the version number of the GEOS library, or NULL if GEOS support is not enabled.

Examples

SELECT PostGIS_GEOS_Version();
 postgis_geos_version
----------------------
 3.1.0-CAPI-1.5.0
(1 row)

See Also

PostGIS_Full_Version, PostGIS_Lib_Version, PostGIS_LibXML_Version, PostGIS_PROJ_Version, PostGIS_Version

Description

Returns the version number of the LibXML2 library.

Availability: 1.5

Examples

SELECT PostGIS_LibXML_Version();
 postgis_libxml_version
----------------------
 2.7.6
(1 row)

See Also

PostGIS_Full_Version, PostGIS_Lib_Version, PostGIS_PROJ_Version, PostGIS_GEOS_Version, PostGIS_Version

Description

Returns build date of the PostGIS library.

Examples

SELECT PostGIS_Lib_Build_Date();
 postgis_lib_build_date
------------------------
 2008-06-21 17:53:21
(1 row)

Description

Returns the version number of the PostGIS library.

Examples

SELECT PostGIS_Lib_Version();
 postgis_lib_version
---------------------
 1.3.3
(1 row)

See Also

PostGIS_Full_Version, PostGIS_GEOS_Version, PostGIS_LibXML_Version, PostGIS_PROJ_Version, PostGIS_Version

Description

Returns the version number of the PROJ4 library, or NULL if PROJ4 support is not enabled.

Examples

SELECT PostGIS_PROJ_Version();
  postgis_proj_version
-------------------------
 Rel. 4.4.9, 29 Oct 2004
(1 row)

See Also

PostGIS_Full_Version, PostGIS_GEOS_Version, PostGIS_Lib_Version, PostGIS_LibXML_Version, PostGIS_Version

Description

Returns build date of the PostGIS scripts.

Availability: 1.0.0RC1

Examples

SELECT PostGIS_Scripts_Build_Date();
  postgis_scripts_build_date
-------------------------
 2007-08-18 09:09:26
(1 row)

See Also

PostGIS_Full_Version, PostGIS_GEOS_Version, PostGIS_Lib_Version, PostGIS_LibXML_Version, PostGIS_Version

Description

Returns version of the postgis scripts installed in this database.

	If the output of this function doesn't match the output of PostGIS_Scripts_Released you probably missed to properly upgrade an existing database. See the Upgrading section for more info.

Availability: 0.9.0

Examples

SELECT PostGIS_Scripts_Installed();
  postgis_scripts_installed
-------------------------
 1.5.0SVN
(1 row)

See Also

PostGIS_Full_Version, PostGIS_Scripts_Released, PostGIS_Version

Description

Returns the version number of the postgis.sql script released with the installed postgis lib.

	Starting with version 1.1.0 this function returns the same value of PostGIS_Lib_Version. Kept for backward compatibility.

Availability: 0.9.0

Examples

SELECT PostGIS_Scripts_Released();
  postgis_scripts_released
-------------------------
 1.3.4SVN
(1 row)

See Also

PostGIS_Full_Version, PostGIS_Scripts_Installed, PostGIS_Lib_Version

Description

Returns TRUE if STATS usage has been enabled, FALSE otherwise.

Examples

SELECT PostGIS_Uses_Stats();
 postgis_uses_stats
--------------------
 t
(1 row)

See Also

PostGIS_Version

Description

Returns PostGIS version number and compile-time options.

Examples

SELECT PostGIS_Version();
			postgis_version
---------------------------------------
 1.3 USE_GEOS=1 USE_PROJ=1 USE_STATS=1
(1 row)

See Also

PostGIS_Full_Version, PostGIS_GEOS_Version,PostGIS_Lib_Version, PostGIS_LibXML_Version, PostGIS_PROJ_Version

Description

Ensures geometry columns have appropriate spatial constraints and exist in the geometry_columns table. In particular, this means that every geometry column belonging to a table has at least three constraints:

If a table oid is provided, this function tries to determine the srid, dimension, and geometry type of all geometry columns in the table, adding contraints as necessary. If successful, an appropriate row is inserted into the geometry_columns table, otherwise, the exception is caught and an error notice is raised describing the problem.

If the oid of a view is provided, as with a table oid, this function tries to determine the srid, dimension, and type of all the geometries in the view, inserting appropriate entries into the geometry_columns table, but nothing is done to enforce contraints.

The parameterless variant is a simple wrapper for the parameterized variant that first truncates and repopulates the geometry_columns table for every spatial table and view in the database, adding spatial contraints to tables where appropriate. It returns a summary of the number of geometry columns detected in the database and the number that were inserted into the geometry_columns table. The parameterized version simply returns the number of rows inserted into the geometry_columns table.

Availability: 1.4.0

Examples

SELECT Populate_Geometry_Columns('public.myspatial_table'::regclass);

See Also

Probe_Geometry_Columns

Description

Scans all tables with PostGIS geometry constraints and adds them to the geometry_columns table if they are not there. Also give stats on number of inserts and already present or possibly obsolete.

	This will usually only pick up records added by AddGeometryColumn() function. It will not scan views so views will need to be manually added to geometry_columns table.

Examples

SELECT Probe_Geometry_Columns();
			probe_geometry_columns
---------------------------------------
probed:6 inserted:0 conflicts:6 stale:0
(1 row)

See Also

AddGeometryColumn

Description

Updates the SRID of all features in a geometry column, updating constraints and reference in geometry_columns. Note: uses current_schema() on schema-aware pgsql installations if schema is not provided.

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

This method supports Circular Strings and Curves

See Also

ST_SetSRID

Description

Construct a Polygon given an arbitrary collection of closed linestrings as a MultiLineString Well-Known text representation.

	Throws an error if WKT is not a MULTILINESTRING. Throws an error if output is a MULTIPOLYGON; use ST_BdMPolyFromText in that case, or see ST_BuildArea() for a postgis-specific approach.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1. s3.2.6.2

Availability: 1.1.0 - requires GEOS >= 2.1.0.

Examples

Forthcoming

See Also

ST_BuildArea, ST_BdMPolyFromText

Description

Construct a Polygon given an arbitrary collection of closed linestrings, polygons, MultiLineStrings as Well-Known text representation.

	Throws an error if WKT is not a MULTILINESTRING. Forces MULTIPOLYGON output even when result is really only composed by a single POLYGON; use ST_BdPolyFromText if you're sure a single POLYGON will result from operation, or see ST_BuildArea() for a postgis-specific approach.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1. s3.2.6.2

Availability: 1.1.0 - requires GEOS >= 2.1.0.

Examples

Forthcoming

See Also

ST_BuildArea, ST_BdPolyFromText

Description

Returns a geography object from the well-known text or extended well-known representation. SRID 4326 is assumed. This is an alias for ST_GeographyFromText

Examples

--- converting lon lat coords to geography
ALTER TABLE sometable ADD COLUMN geog geography(POINT,4326);
UPDATE sometable SET geog = ST_GeogFromText('SRID=4326;POINT(' || lon || ' ' || lat || ')');		
			

See Also

ST_AsText,ST_GeographyFromText

Description

Returns a geography object from the well-known text representation. SRID 4326 is assumed.

See Also

ST_AsText

Description

The ST_GeogFromWKB function, takes a well-known binary representation (WKB) of a geometry or PostGIS Extended WKB and creates an instance of the appropriate geography type. This function plays the role of the Geometry Factory in SQL.

If SRID is not specified, it defaults to 4326 (WGS 84 long lat).

This method supports Circular Strings and Curves

Examples

--Although bytea rep contains single \, these need to be escaped when inserting into a table
SELECT ST_AsText(
ST_GeogFromWKB(E'\\001\\002\\000\\000\\000\\002\\000\\000\\000\\037\\205\\353Q\\270~\\\\\\300\\323Mb\\020X\\231C@\\020X9\\264\\310~\\\\\\300)\\\\\\217\\302\\365\\230C@')
);
					  st_astext
------------------------------------------------------
 LINESTRING(-113.98 39.198,-113.981 39.195)
(1 row)

See Also

ST_GeogFromText, ST_AsBinary

Description

Makes a collection Geometry from the Well-Known-Text (WKT) representation with the given SRID. If SRID is not give, it defaults to -1.

OGC SPEC 3.2.6.2 - option SRID is from the conformance suite

Returns null if the WKT is not a GEOMETRYCOLLECTION

	If you are absolutely sure all your WKT geometries are collections, don't use this function. It is slower than ST_GeomFromText since it adds an additional validation step.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1. s3.2.6.2

This method implements the SQL/MM specification.

Examples

SELECT ST_GeomCollFromText('GEOMETRYCOLLECTION(POINT(1 2),LINESTRING(1 2, 3 4))');

See Also

ST_GeomFromText, ST_SRID

Description

Constructs a PostGIS ST_Geometry object from the OGC Extended Well-Known binary (EWKT) representation.

	The EWKB format is not an OGC standard, but a PostGIS specific format that includes the spatial reference system (SRID) identifier

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

This method supports Circular Strings and Curves

Examples

line string binary rep 0f LINESTRING(-71.160281 42.258729,-71.160837 42.259113,-71.161144 42.25932) in NAD 83 long lat (4269).

	NOTE: Even though byte arrays are delimited with \ and may have ', we need to escape both out with \ and ''. So it does not look exactly like its AsEWKB representation.

SELECT ST_GeomFromEWKB(E'\\001\\002\\000\\000 \\255\\020\\000\\000\\003\\000\\000\\000\\344J=
\\013B\\312Q\\300n\\303(\\010\\036!E@''\\277E''K
\\312Q\\300\\366{b\\235*!E@\\225|\\354.P\\312Q
\\300p\\231\\323e1!E@');

See Also

ST_AsBinary, ST_AsEWKB, ST_GeomFromWKB

Description

Constructs a PostGIS ST_Geometry object from the OGC Extended Well-Known text (EWKT) representation.

	The EWKT format is not an OGC standard, but an PostGIS specific format that includes the spatial reference system (SRID) identifier

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

This method supports Circular Strings and Curves

Examples

SELECT ST_GeomFromEWKT('SRID=4269;LINESTRING(-71.160281 42.258729,-71.160837 42.259113,-71.161144 42.25932)');
SELECT ST_GeomFromEWKT('SRID=4269;MULTILINESTRING((-71.160281 42.258729,-71.160837 42.259113,-71.161144 42.25932))');

SELECT ST_GeomFromEWKT('SRID=4269;POINT(-71.064544 42.28787)');

SELECT ST_GeomFromEWKT('SRID=4269;POLYGON((-71.1776585052917 42.3902909739571,-71.1776820268866 42.3903701743239,
-71.1776063012595 42.3903825660754,-71.1775826583081 42.3903033653531,-71.1776585052917 42.3902909739571))');

SELECT ST_GeomFromEWKT('SRID=4269;MULTIPOLYGON(((-71.1031880899493 42.3152774590236,
-71.1031627617667 42.3152960829043,-71.102923838298 42.3149156848307,
-71.1023097974109 42.3151969047397,-71.1019285062273 42.3147384934248,
-71.102505233663 42.3144722937587,-71.10277487471 42.3141658254797,
-71.103113945163 42.3142739188902,-71.10324876416 42.31402489987,
-71.1033002961013 42.3140393340215,-71.1033488797549 42.3139495090772,
-71.103396240451 42.3138632439557,-71.1041521907712 42.3141153348029,
-71.1041411411543 42.3141545014533,-71.1041287795912 42.3142114839058,
-71.1041188134329 42.3142693656241,-71.1041112482575 42.3143272556118,
-71.1041072845732 42.3143851580048,-71.1041057218871 42.3144430686681,
-71.1041065602059 42.3145009876017,-71.1041097995362 42.3145589148055,
-71.1041166403905 42.3146168544148,-71.1041258822717 42.3146748022936,
-71.1041375307579 42.3147318674446,-71.1041492906949 42.3147711126569,
-71.1041598612795 42.314808571739,-71.1042515013869 42.3151287620809,
-71.1041173835118 42.3150739481917,-71.1040809891419 42.3151344119048,
-71.1040438678912 42.3151191367447,-71.1040194562988 42.3151832057859,
-71.1038734225584 42.3151140942995,-71.1038446938243 42.3151006300338,
-71.1038315271889 42.315094347535,-71.1037393329282 42.315054824985,
-71.1035447555574 42.3152608696313,-71.1033436658644 42.3151648370544,
-71.1032580383161 42.3152269126061,-71.103223066939 42.3152517403219,
-71.1031880899493 42.3152774590236)),
((-71.1043632495873 42.315113108546,-71.1043583974082 42.3151211109857,
-71.1043443253471 42.3150676015829,-71.1043850704575 42.3150793250568,-71.1043632495873 42.315113108546)))');

--3d circular string
SELECT ST_GeomFromEWKT('CIRCULARSTRING(220268 150415 1,220227 150505 2,220227 150406 3)');
	

See Also

ST_AsEWKT, ST_GeomFromText, ST_GeomFromEWKT

Description

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1.

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 5.1.40

See Also

ST_GeomFromText

Description

Constructs a PostGIS ST_Geometry object from the OGC GML representation.

ST_GeomFromGML works only for GML Geometry fragments. It throws an error if you try to use it on a whole GML document.

OGC GML versions supported:

OGC GML standards, cf: http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/gml:

Availability: 1.5

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

GML allow mixed dimensions (2D and 3D inside the same MultiGeometry for instance). As PostGIS geometries don't, ST_GeomFromGML convert the whole geometry to 2D if a missing Z dimension is found once.

GML support mixed SRS inside the same MultiGeometry. As PostGIS geometries don't, ST_GeomFromGML, in this case, reproject all subgeometries to the SRS root node. If no srsName attribute available for the GML root node, the function throw an error.

ST_GeomFromGML function is not pedantic about an explicit GML namespace. You could avoid to mention it explicitly for common usages. But you need it if you want to use XLink feature inside GML.

	ST_GeomFromGML function not support SQL/MM curves geometries.

Examples - A single geometry with srsName

SELECT ST_GeomFromGML('
		<gml:LineString srsName="EPSG:4269">
			<gml:coordinates>
				-71.16028,42.258729 -71.160837,42.259112 -71.161143,42.25932
			</gml:coordinates>
		</gml:LineString>');
		

Examples - XLink usage

ST_GeomFromGML('
		<gml:LineString xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml" 
				xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
				srsName="urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4269">
			<gml:pointProperty>
				<gml:Point gml:id="p1"><gml:pos>42.258729 -71.16028</gml:pos></gml:Point>
			</gml:pointProperty>
			<gml:pos>42.259112 -71.160837</gml:pos>
			<gml:pointProperty>
				<gml:Point xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="#p1"/>
			</gml:pointProperty>
		</gml:LineString>'););
		

See Also

ST_AsGML

ST_GMLToSQL

Description

Constructs a PostGIS ST_Geometry object from the OGC KML representation.

ST_GeomFromKML works only for KML Geometry fragments. It throws an error if you try to use it on a whole KML document.

OGC KML versions supported:

OGC KML standards, cf: http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/kml:

Availability: 1.5

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

	ST_GeomFromKML function not support SQL/MM curves geometries.

Examples - A single geometry with srsName

SELECT ST_GeomFromKML('
		<LineString>
			<coordinates>-71.1663,42.2614 
				-71.1667,42.2616</coordinates>
		</LineString>');
		

See Also

ST_AsKML

Description

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 5.1.50 (except for curves support).

Availability: 1.5

See Also

ST_GeomFromGML

ST_AsGML

Description

Constructs a PostGIS ST_Geometry object from the OGC Well-Known text representation.

	There are 2 variants of ST_GeomFromText function, the first takes no SRID and returns a geometry with no defined spatial reference system. The second takes a spatial reference id as the second argument and returns an ST_Geometry that includes this srid as part of its meta-data. The srid must be defined in the spatial_ref_sys table.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1. s3.2.6.2 - option SRID is from the conformance suite.

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 5.1.40

This method supports Circular Strings and Curves

Examples

SELECT ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(-71.160281 42.258729,-71.160837 42.259113,-71.161144 42.25932)');
SELECT ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(-71.160281 42.258729,-71.160837 42.259113,-71.161144 42.25932)',4269);

SELECT ST_GeomFromText('MULTILINESTRING((-71.160281 42.258729,-71.160837 42.259113,-71.161144 42.25932))');

SELECT ST_GeomFromText('POINT(-71.064544 42.28787)');

SELECT ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((-71.1776585052917 42.3902909739571,-71.1776820268866 42.3903701743239,
-71.1776063012595 42.3903825660754,-71.1775826583081 42.3903033653531,-71.1776585052917 42.3902909739571))');

SELECT ST_GeomFromText('MULTIPOLYGON(((-71.1031880899493 42.3152774590236,
-71.1031627617667 42.3152960829043,-71.102923838298 42.3149156848307,
-71.1023097974109 42.3151969047397,-71.1019285062273 42.3147384934248,
-71.102505233663 42.3144722937587,-71.10277487471 42.3141658254797,
-71.103113945163 42.3142739188902,-71.10324876416 42.31402489987,
-71.1033002961013 42.3140393340215,-71.1033488797549 42.3139495090772,
-71.103396240451 42.3138632439557,-71.1041521907712 42.3141153348029,
-71.1041411411543 42.3141545014533,-71.1041287795912 42.3142114839058,
-71.1041188134329 42.3142693656241,-71.1041112482575 42.3143272556118,
-71.1041072845732 42.3143851580048,-71.1041057218871 42.3144430686681,
-71.1041065602059 42.3145009876017,-71.1041097995362 42.3145589148055,
-71.1041166403905 42.3146168544148,-71.1041258822717 42.3146748022936,
-71.1041375307579 42.3147318674446,-71.1041492906949 42.3147711126569,
-71.1041598612795 42.314808571739,-71.1042515013869 42.3151287620809,
-71.1041173835118 42.3150739481917,-71.1040809891419 42.3151344119048,
-71.1040438678912 42.3151191367447,-71.1040194562988 42.3151832057859,
-71.1038734225584 42.3151140942995,-71.1038446938243 42.3151006300338,
-71.1038315271889 42.315094347535,-71.1037393329282 42.315054824985,
-71.1035447555574 42.3152608696313,-71.1033436658644 42.3151648370544,
-71.1032580383161 42.3152269126061,-71.103223066939 42.3152517403219,
-71.1031880899493 42.3152774590236)),
((-71.1043632495873 42.315113108546,-71.1043583974082 42.3151211109857,
-71.1043443253471 42.3150676015829,-71.1043850704575 42.3150793250568,-71.1043632495873 42.315113108546)))',4326);

SELECT ST_GeomFromText('CIRCULARSTRING(220268 150415,220227 150505,220227 150406)');
	

See Also

ST_GeomFromEWKT, ST_GeomFromWKB, ST_SRID

Description

The ST_GeomFromWKB function, takes a well-known binary representation of a geometry and a Spatial Reference System ID (SRID) and creates an instance of the appropriate geometry type. This function plays the role of the Geometry Factory in SQL. This is an alternate name for ST_WKBToSQL.

If SRID is not specified, it defaults to -1 (Unknown).

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1. s3.2.7.2 - the optional SRID is from the conformance suite

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 5.1.41

This method supports Circular Strings and Curves

Examples

--Although bytea rep contains single \, these need to be escaped when inserting into a table
SELECT ST_AsEWKT(
ST_GeomFromWKB(E'\\001\\002\\000\\000\\000\\002\\000\\000\\000\\037\\205\\353Q\\270~\\\\\\300\\323Mb\\020X\\231C@\\020X9\\264\\310~\\\\\\300)\\\\\\217\\302\\365\\230C@',4326)
);
					  st_asewkt
------------------------------------------------------
 SRID=4326;LINESTRING(-113.98 39.198,-113.981 39.195)
(1 row)

SELECT
  ST_AsText(
	ST_GeomFromWKB(
	  ST_AsEWKB('POINT(2 5)'::geometry)
	)
  );
 st_astext
------------
 POINT(2 5)
(1 row)

See Also

ST_WKBToSQL, ST_AsBinary, ST_GeomFromEWKB

Description

Creates a LineString from a MultiPoint geometry.

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

Examples

--Create a 3d line string from a 3d multipoint
SELECT ST_AsEWKT(ST_LineFromMultiPoint(ST_GeomFromEWKT('MULTIPOINT(1 2 3, 4 5 6, 7 8 9)')));
--result--
LINESTRING(1 2 3,4 5 6,7 8 9)
		

See Also

ST_AsEWKT, ST_Collect,ST_MakeLine

Description

Makes a Geometry from WKT with the given SRID. If SRID is not give, it defaults to -1. If WKT passed in is not a LINESTRING, then null is returned.

	OGC SPEC 3.2.6.2 - option SRID is from the conformance suite.

	If you know all your geometries are LINESTRINGS, its more efficient to just use ST_GeomFromText. This just calls ST_GeomFromText and adds additional validation that it returns a linestring.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1. s3.2.6.2

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 7.2.8

Examples

SELECT ST_LineFromText('LINESTRING(1 2, 3 4)') AS aline, ST_LineFromText('POINT(1 2)') AS null_return;
aline                            | null_return
------------------------------------------------
010200000002000000000000000000F ... | t
		

See Also

ST_GeomFromText

Description

The ST_LineFromWKB function, takes a well-known binary representation of geometry and a Spatial Reference System ID (SRID) and creates an instance of the appropriate geometry type - in this case, a LINESTRING geometry. This function plays the role of the Geometry Factory in SQL.

If an SRID is not specified, it defaults to -1. NULL is returned if the input bytea does not represent a LINESTRING.

	OGC SPEC 3.2.6.2 - option SRID is from the conformance suite.

	If you know all your geometries are LINESTRINGs, its more efficient to just use ST_GeomFromWKB. This function just calls ST_GeomFromWKB and adds additional validation that it returns a linestring.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1. s3.2.6.2

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 7.2.9

Examples

SELECT ST_LineFromWKB(ST_AsBinary(ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(1 2, 3 4)'))) AS aline,
		ST_LineFromWKB(ST_AsBinary(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(1 2)'))) IS NULL AS null_return;
aline                            | null_return
------------------------------------------------
010200000002000000000000000000F ... | t
		

See Also

ST_GeomFromWKB, ST_LinestringFromWKB

Description

The ST_LinestringFromWKB function, takes a well-known binary representation of geometry and a Spatial Reference System ID (SRID) and creates an instance of the appropriate geometry type - in this case, a LINESTRING geometry. This function plays the role of the Geometry Factory in SQL.

If an SRID is not specified, it defaults to -1. NULL is returned if the input bytea does not represent a LINESTRING geometry. This an alias for ST_LineFromWKB.

	OGC SPEC 3.2.6.2 - optional SRID is from the conformance suite.

	If you know all your geometries are LINESTRINGs, it's more efficient to just use ST_GeomFromWKB. This function just calls ST_GeomFromWKB and adds additional validation that it returns a LINESTRING.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1. s3.2.6.2

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 7.2.9

Examples

SELECT
  ST_LineStringFromWKB(
	ST_AsBinary(ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(1 2, 3 4)'))
  ) AS aline,
  ST_LinestringFromWKB(
	ST_AsBinary(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(1 2)'))
  ) IS NULL AS null_return;
   aline                            | null_return
------------------------------------------------
010200000002000000000000000000F ... | t

See Also

ST_GeomFromWKB, ST_LineFromWKB

Description

Creates a BOX2D defined by the given point geometries. This is useful for doing range queries

Examples

--Return all features that fall reside or partly reside in a US national atlas coordinate bounding box
--It is assumed here that the geometries are stored with SRID = 2163 (US National atlas equal area)
SELECT feature_id, feature_name, the_geom
FROM features
WHERE the_geom && ST_SetSRID(ST_MakeBox2D(ST_Point(-989502.1875, 528439.5625),
	ST_Point(-987121.375 ,529933.1875)),2163)

See Also

ST_MakePoint, ST_Point, ST_SetSRID, ST_SRID

Description

Creates a BOX3D defined by the given 2 3D point geometries.

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

Examples

SELECT ST_MakeBox3D(ST_MakePoint(-989502.1875, 528439.5625, 10),
	ST_MakePoint(-987121.375 ,529933.1875, 10)) As abb3d

--bb3d--
--------
BOX3D(-989502.1875 528439.5625 10,-987121.375 529933.1875 10)
	

See Also

ST_MakePoint, ST_SetSRID, ST_SRID

Description

ST_MakeLine comes in 3 forms: a spatial aggregate that takes rows of point geometries and returns a line string, a function that takes an array of points, and a regular function that takes two point geometries. You might want to use a subselect to order points before feeding them to the aggregate version of this function.

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

Availability: 1.4.0 - ST_MakeLine(geomarray) was introduced. ST_MakeLine aggregate functions was enhanced to handle more points faster.

Examples: Spatial Aggregate version

This example takes a sequence of GPS points and creates one record for each gps travel where the geometry field is a line string composed of the gps points in the order of the travel.

SELECT gps.gps_track, ST_MakeLine(gps.the_geom) As newgeom
	FROM (SELECT gps_track,gps_time, the_geom
			FROM gps_points ORDER BY gps_track, gps_time) As gps
	GROUP BY gps.gps_track

Examples: Non-Spatial Aggregate version

First example is a simple one off line string composed of 2 points. The second formulates line strings from 2 points a user draws. The third is a one-off that joins 2 3d points to create a line in 3d space.

SELECT ST_AsText(ST_MakeLine(ST_MakePoint(1,2), ST_MakePoint(3,4)));
	  st_astext
---------------------
 LINESTRING(1 2,3 4)

SELECT userpoints.id, ST_MakeLine(startpoint, endpoint) As drawn_line
	FROM userpoints ;

SELECT ST_AsEWKT(ST_MakeLine(ST_MakePoint(1,2,3), ST_MakePoint(3,4,5)));
		st_asewkt
-------------------------
 LINESTRING(1 2 3,3 4 5)
			

Examples: Using Array version

SELECT ST_MakeLine(ARRAY(SELECT ST_Centroid(the_geom) FROM visit_locations ORDER BY visit_time));

--Making a 3d line with 3 3-d points
SELECT ST_AsEWKT(ST_MakeLine(ARRAY[ST_MakePoint(1,2,3),
				ST_MakePoint(3,4,5), ST_MakePoint(6,6,6)]));
		st_asewkt
-------------------------
LINESTRING(1 2 3,3 4 5,6 6 6)
			

See Also

ST_AsEWKT, ST_AsText, ST_GeomFromText, ST_MakePoint

Description

Creates a rectangular Polygon formed from the minima and maxima. by the given shell. Input values must be in SRS specified by the SRID.

Availability: 1.5

Example: Building a bounding box polygon

SELECT ST_AsText(ST_MakeEnvelope(10, 10, 11, 11, 4326));

st_asewkt
-----------
POLYGON((10 10, 10 11, 11 11, 11 10, 10 10))
			  

See Also

ST_MakePoint, ST_MakeLine, ST_MakePolygon

Description

Creates a Polygon formed by the given shell. Input geometries must be closed LINESTRINGS. Comes in 2 variants.

Variant 1: takes one closed linestring.

Variant 2: Creates a Polygon formed by the given shell and array of holes. You can construct a geometry array using ST_Accum or the PostgreSQL ARRAY[] and ARRAY() constructs. Input geometries must be closed LINESTRINGS.

	This function will not accept a MULTILINESTRING. Use ST_LineMerge or ST_Dump to generate line strings.

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

Examples: Single closed LINESTRING

--2d line
SELECT ST_MakePolygon(ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(75.15 29.53,77 29,77.6 29.5, 75.15 29.53)'));
--If linestring is not closed
--you can add the start point to close it
SELECT ST_MakePolygon(ST_AddPoint(foo.open_line, ST_StartPoint(foo.open_line)))
FROM (
SELECT ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(75.15 29.53,77 29,77.6 29.5)') As open_line) As foo;

--3d closed line
SELECT ST_MakePolygon(ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(75.15 29.53 1,77 29 1,77.6 29.5 1, 75.15 29.53 1)'));

st_asewkt
-----------
POLYGON((75.15 29.53 1,77 29 1,77.6 29.5 1,75.15 29.53 1))

--measured line --
SELECT ST_MakePolygon(ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRINGM(75.15 29.53 1,77 29 1,77.6 29.5 2, 75.15 29.53 2)'));

st_asewkt
----------
POLYGONM((75.15 29.53 1,77 29 1,77.6 29.5 2,75.15 29.53 2))
			  

Examples: Outter shell with inner shells

Build a donut with an ant hole

SELECT ST_MakePolygon(
		ST_ExteriorRing(ST_Buffer(foo.line,10)),
	ARRAY[ST_Translate(foo.line,1,1),
		ST_ExteriorRing(ST_Buffer(ST_MakePoint(20,20),1)) ]
	)
FROM
	(SELECT ST_ExteriorRing(ST_Buffer(ST_MakePoint(10,10),10,10))
		As line )
		As foo;
		

Build province boundaries with holes representing lakes in the province from a set of province polygons/multipolygons and water line strings this is an example of using PostGIS ST_Accum

	The use of CASE because feeding a null array into ST_MakePolygon results in NULL

	the use of left join to guarantee we get all provinces back even if they have no lakes

	SELECT p.gid, p.province_name,
		CASE WHEN
			ST_Accum(w.the_geom) IS NULL THEN p.the_geom
		ELSE  ST_MakePolygon(ST_LineMerge(ST_Boundary(p.the_geom)), ST_Accum(w.the_geom)) END
	FROM
		provinces p LEFT JOIN waterlines w
			ON (ST_Within(w.the_geom, p.the_geom) AND ST_IsClosed(w.the_geom))
	GROUP BY p.gid, p.province_name, p.the_geom;

	--Same example above but utilizing a correlated subquery
	--and PostgreSQL built-in ARRAY() function that converts a row set to an array

	SELECT p.gid,  p.province_name, CASE WHEN
		EXISTS(SELECT w.the_geom
			FROM waterlines w
			WHERE ST_Within(w.the_geom, p.the_geom)
			AND ST_IsClosed(w.the_geom))
		THEN
		ST_MakePolygon(ST_LineMerge(ST_Boundary(p.the_geom)),
			ARRAY(SELECT w.the_geom
				FROM waterlines w
				WHERE ST_Within(w.the_geom, p.the_geom)
				AND ST_IsClosed(w.the_geom)))
		ELSE p.the_geom END As the_geom
	FROM
		provinces p;
			  

See Also

ST_Accum, ST_AddPoint, ST_GeometryType, ST_IsClosed, ST_LineMerge

Description

Creates a 2D,3DZ or 4D point geometry (geometry with measure). ST_MakePoint while not being OGC compliant is generally faster and more precise than ST_GeomFromText and ST_PointFromText. It is also easier to use if you have raw coordinates rather than WKT.

	Note x is longitude and y is latitude

	Use ST_MakePointM if you need to make a point with x,y,m.

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

Examples

--Return point with unknown SRID
SELECT ST_MakePoint(-71.1043443253471, 42.3150676015829);

--Return point marked as WGS 84 long lat
SELECT ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(-71.1043443253471, 42.3150676015829),4326);

--Return a 3D point (e.g. has altitude)
SELECT ST_MakePoint(1, 2,1.5);

--Get z of point
SELECT ST_Z(ST_MakePoint(1, 2,1.5));
result
-------
1.5

See Also

ST_GeomFromText, ST_PointFromText, ST_SetSRID, ST_MakePointM

Description

Creates a point with x, y and measure coordinates.

	Note x is longitude and y is latitude.

Examples

We use ST_AsEWKT in these examples to show the text representation instead of ST_AsText because ST_AsText does not support returning M.

--Return EWKT representation of point with unknown SRID
SELECT ST_AsEWKT(ST_MakePointM(-71.1043443253471, 42.3150676015829, 10));

--result
				   st_asewkt
-----------------------------------------------
 POINTM(-71.1043443253471 42.3150676015829 10)

--Return EWKT representation of point with measure marked as WGS 84 long lat
SELECT ST_AsEWKT(ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePointM(-71.1043443253471, 42.3150676015829,10),4326));

						st_asewkt
---------------------------------------------------------
SRID=4326;POINTM(-71.1043443253471 42.3150676015829 10)

--Return a 3d point (e.g. has altitude)
SELECT ST_MakePoint(1, 2,1.5);

--Get m of point
SELECT ST_M(ST_MakePointM(-71.1043443253471, 42.3150676015829,10));
result
-------
10
			  

See Also

ST_AsEWKT, ST_MakePoint, ST_SetSRID

Description

Makes a Geometry from Well-Known-Text (WKT) with the given SRID. If SRID is not give, it defaults to -1.

OGC SPEC 3.2.6.2 - option SRID is from the conformance suite

Returns null if the WKT is not a MULTILINESTRING

	If you are absolutely sure all your WKT geometries are points, don't use this function. It is slower than ST_GeomFromText since it adds an additional validation step.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1. s3.2.6.2

This method implements the SQL/MM specification.SQL-MM 3: 9.4.4

Examples

SELECT ST_MLineFromText('MULTILINESTRING((1 2, 3 4), (4 5, 6 7))');

See Also

ST_GeomFromText

Description

Makes a Geometry from WKT with the given SRID. If SRID is not give, it defaults to -1.

OGC SPEC 3.2.6.2 - option SRID is from the conformance suite

Returns null if the WKT is not a MULTIPOINT

	If you are absolutely sure all your WKT geometries are points, don't use this function. It is slower than ST_GeomFromText since it adds an additional validation step.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1. 3.2.6.2

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 9.2.4

Examples

SELECT ST_MPointFromText('MULTIPOINT(1 2, 3 4)');
SELECT ST_MPointFromText('MULTIPOINT(-70.9590 42.1180, -70.9611 42.1223)', 4326);

See Also

ST_GeomFromText

Description

Makes a MultiPolygon from WKT with the given SRID. If SRID is not give, it defaults to -1.

OGC SPEC 3.2.6.2 - option SRID is from the conformance suite

Throws an error if the WKT is not a MULTIPOLYGON

	If you are absolutely sure all your WKT geometries are multipolygons, don't use this function. It is slower than ST_GeomFromText since it adds an additional validation step.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1. s3.2.6.2

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 9.6.4

Examples

SELECT ST_MPolyFromText('MULTIPOLYGON(((0 0 1,20 0 1,20 20 1,0 20 1,0 0 1),(5 5 3,5 7 3,7 7 3,7 5 3,5 5 3)))');
SELECt ST_MPolyFromText('MULTIPOLYGON(((-70.916 42.1002,-70.9468 42.0946,-70.9765 42.0872,-70.9754 42.0875,-70.9749 42.0879,-70.9752 42.0881,-70.9754 42.0891,-70.9758 42.0894,-70.9759 42.0897,-70.9759 42.0899,-70.9754 42.0902,-70.9756 42.0906,-70.9753 42.0907,-70.9753 42.0917,-70.9757 42.0924,-70.9755 42.0928,-70.9755 42.0942,-70.9751 42.0948,-70.9755 42.0953,-70.9751 42.0958,-70.9751 42.0962,-70.9759 42.0983,-70.9767 42.0987,-70.9768 42.0991,-70.9771 42.0997,-70.9771 42.1003,-70.9768 42.1005,-70.977 42.1011,-70.9766 42.1019,-70.9768 42.1026,-70.9769 42.1033,-70.9775 42.1042,-70.9773 42.1043,-70.9776 42.1043,-70.9778 42.1048,-70.9773 42.1058,-70.9774 42.1061,-70.9779 42.1065,-70.9782 42.1078,-70.9788 42.1085,-70.9798 42.1087,-70.9806 42.109,-70.9807 42.1093,-70.9806 42.1099,-70.9809 42.1109,-70.9808 42.1112,-70.9798 42.1116,-70.9792 42.1127,-70.979 42.1129,-70.9787 42.1134,-70.979 42.1139,-70.9791 42.1141,-70.9987 42.1116,-71.0022 42.1273,
	-70.9408 42.1513,-70.9315 42.1165,-70.916 42.1002)))',4326);

See Also

ST_GeomFromText, ST_SRID

Description

Returns an ST_Point with the given coordinate values. MM compliant alias for ST_MakePoint that takes just an x and y.

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 6.1.2

Examples: Geometry

SELECT ST_SetSRID(ST_Point(-71.1043443253471, 42.3150676015829),4326)

Examples: Geography

SELECT CAST(ST_SetSRID(ST_Point(-71.1043443253471, 42.3150676015829),4326) As geography);

-- the :: is PostgreSQL short-hand for casting.
SELECT ST_SetSRID(ST_Point(-71.1043443253471, 42.3150676015829),4326)::geography;

--If your point coordinates are in a different spatial reference from WGS-84 long lat, then you need to transform before casting
-- This example we convert a point in Pennsylvania State Plane feet to WGS 84 and then geography
SELECT ST_Transform(ST_SetSRID(ST_Point(3637510, 3014852),2273),4326)::geography

See Also

Section 4.2.1, “Geography Basics”, ST_MakePoint, ST_SetSRID, ST_Transform

Description

Constructs a PostGIS ST_Geometry point object from the OGC Well-Known text representation. If SRID is not give, it defaults to unknown (currently -1). If geometry is not a WKT point representation, returns null. If completely invalid WKT, then throws an error.

	There are 2 variants of ST_PointFromText function, the first takes no SRID and returns a geometry with no defined spatial reference system. The second takes a spatial reference id as the second argument and returns an ST_Geometry that includes this srid as part of its meta-data. The srid must be defined in the spatial_ref_sys table.

	If you are absolutely sure all your WKT geometries are points, don't use this function. It is slower than ST_GeomFromText since it adds an additional validation step. If you are building points from long lat coordinates and care more about performance and accuracy than OGC compliance, use ST_MakePoint or OGC compliant alias ST_Point.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1. s3.2.6.2 - option SRID is from the conformance suite.

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 6.1.8

Examples

SELECT ST_PointFromText('POINT(-71.064544 42.28787)');
SELECT ST_PointFromText('POINT(-71.064544 42.28787)', 4326);
	

See Also

ST_GeomFromText, ST_MakePoint, ST_Point, ST_SRID

Description

The ST_PointFromWKB function, takes a well-known binary representation of geometry and a Spatial Reference System ID (SRID) and creates an instance of the appropriate geometry type - in this case, a POINT geometry. This function plays the role of the Geometry Factory in SQL.

If an SRID is not specified, it defaults to -1. NULL is returned if the input bytea does not represent a POINT geometry.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1. s3.2.7.2

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 6.1.9

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

This method supports Circular Strings and Curves

Examples

SELECT
  ST_AsText(
	ST_PointFromWKB(
	  ST_AsEWKB('POINT(2 5)'::geometry)
	)
  );
 st_astext
------------
 POINT(2 5)
(1 row)

SELECT
  ST_AsText(
	ST_PointFromWKB(
	  ST_AsEWKB('LINESTRING(2 5, 2 6)'::geometry)
	)
  );
 st_astext
-----------

(1 row)

See Also

ST_GeomFromWKB, ST_LineFromWKB

Description

Returns a polygon built from the specified linestring and SRID.

	ST_Polygon is similar to first version oST_MakePolygon except it also sets the spatial ref sys (SRID) of the polygon. Will not work with MULTILINESTRINGS so use LineMerge to merge multilines. Also does not create polygons with holes. Use ST_MakePolygon for that.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1.

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 8.3.2

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

Examples

--a 2d polygon
SELECT ST_Polygon(ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(75.15 29.53,77 29,77.6 29.5, 75.15 29.53)'), 4326);

--result--
POLYGON((75.15 29.53,77 29,77.6 29.5,75.15 29.53))
--a 3d polygon
SELECT ST_AsEWKT(ST_Polygon(ST_GeomFromEWKT('LINESTRING(75.15 29.53 1,77 29 1,77.6 29.5 1, 75.15 29.53 1)'), 4326));

result
------
SRID=4326;POLYGON((75.15 29.53 1,77 29 1,77.6 29.5 1,75.15 29.53 1))
			

See Also

ST_AsEWKT, ST_AsText, ST_GeomFromEWKT, ST_GeomFromText, ST_LineMerge, ST_MakePolygon

Description

Makes a Geometry from WKT with the given SRID. If SRID is not give, it defaults to -1. Returns null if WKT is not a polygon.

OGC SPEC 3.2.6.2 - option SRID is from the conformance suite

	If you are absolutely sure all your WKT geometries are polygons, don't use this function. It is slower than ST_GeomFromText since it adds an additional validation step.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1. s3.2.6.2

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 8.3.6

Examples

SELECT ST_PolygonFromText('POLYGON((-71.1776585052917 42.3902909739571,-71.1776820268866 42.3903701743239,
-71.1776063012595 42.3903825660754,-71.1775826583081 42.3903033653531,-71.1776585052917 42.3902909739571))');
st_polygonfromtext
------------------
010300000001000000050000006...


SELECT ST_PolygonFromText('POINT(1 2)') IS NULL as point_is_notpoly;

point_is_not_poly
----------
t

See Also

ST_GeomFromText

Description

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 5.1.36

See Also

ST_GeomFromWKB

Description

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 5.1.34

See Also

ST_GeomFromText

Description

Returns the type of the geometry as a string. Eg: 'LINESTRING', 'POLYGON', 'MULTIPOINT', etc.

OGC SPEC s2.1.1.1 - Returns the name of the instantiable subtype of Geometry of which this Geometry instance is a member. The name of the instantiable subtype of Geometry is returned as a string.

	This function also indicates if the geometry is measured, by returning a string of the form 'POINTM'.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1.

This method supports Circular Strings and Curves

Examples

SELECT GeometryType(ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(77.29 29.07,77.42 29.26,77.27 29.31,77.29 29.07)'));
 geometrytype
--------------
 LINESTRING

See Also

ST_GeometryType

Description

Returns the closure of the combinatorial boundary of this Geometry. The combinatorial boundary is defined as described in section 3.12.3.2 of the OGC SPEC. Because the result of this function is a closure, and hence topologically closed, the resulting boundary can be represented using representational geometry primitives as discussed in the OGC SPEC, section 3.12.2.

Performed by the GEOS module

	Do not call with a GEOMETRYCOLLECTION as an argument

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1. OGC SPEC s2.1.1.1

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 5.1.14

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

Examples

SELECT ST_AsText(ST_Boundary(ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(1 1,0 0, -1 1)')));
st_astext
-----------
MULTIPOINT(1 1,-1 1)

SELECT ST_AsText(ST_Boundary(ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((1 1,0 0, -1 1, 1 1))')));
st_astext
----------
LINESTRING(1 1,0 0,-1 1,1 1)

--Using a 3d polygon
SELECT ST_AsEWKT(ST_Boundary(ST_GeomFromEWKT('POLYGON((1 1 1,0 0 1, -1 1 1, 1 1 1))')));

st_asewkt
-----------------------------------
LINESTRING(1 1 1,0 0 1,-1 1 1,1 1 1)

--Using a 3d multilinestring
SELECT ST_AsEWKT(ST_Boundary(ST_GeomFromEWKT('MULTILINESTRING((1 1 1,0 0 0.5, -1 1 1),(1 1 0.5,0 0 0.5, -1 1 0.5, 1 1 0.5) )')));

st_asewkt
----------
MULTIPOINT(-1 1 1,1 1 0.75)

See Also

ST_ExteriorRing, ST_MakePolygon

Description

Return the coordinate dimension of the ST_Geometry value.

This is the MM compliant alias name for ST_NDims

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1.

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 5.1.3

This method supports Circular Strings and Curves

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

Examples

SELECT ST_CoordDim('CIRCULARSTRING(1 2 3, 1 3 4, 5 6 7, 8 9 10, 11 12 13)');
			---result--
				3

				SELECT ST_CoordDim(ST_Point(1,2));
			--result--
				2

		

See Also

ST_NDims

Description

The inherent dimension of this Geometry object, which must be less than or equal to the coordinate dimension. OGC SPEC s2.1.1.1 - returns 0 for POINT, 1 for LINESTRING, 2 for POLYGON, and the largest dimension of the components of a GEOMETRYCOLLECTION.

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 5.1.2

Examples

SELECT ST_Dimension('GEOMETRYCOLLECTION(LINESTRING(1 1,0 0),POINT(0 0))');
ST_Dimension
-----------
1

See Also

ST_NDims

Description

Returns the last point of a LINESTRING geometry as a POINT or NULL if the input parameter is not a LINESTRING.

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 7.1.4

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

Examples

postgis=# SELECT ST_AsText(ST_EndPoint('LINESTRING(1 1, 2 2, 3 3)'::geometry));
 st_astext
------------
 POINT(3 3)
(1 row)

postgis=# SELECT ST_EndPoint('POINT(1 1)'::geometry) IS NULL AS is_null;
  is_null
----------
 t
(1 row)

--3d endpoint
SELECT ST_AsEWKT(ST_EndPoint('LINESTRING(1 1 2, 1 2 3, 0 0 5)'));
  st_asewkt
--------------
 POINT(0 0 5)
(1 row)

See Also

ST_PointN, ST_StartPoint

Description

Returns the float8 minimum bounding box for the supplied geometry, as a geometry. The polygon is defined by the corner points of the bounding box ((MINX, MINY), (MINX, MAXY), (MAXX, MAXY), (MAXX, MINY), (MINX, MINY)). (PostGIS will add a ZMIN/ZMAX coordinate as well).

Degenerate cases (vertical lines, points) will return a geometry of lower dimension than POLYGON, ie. POINT or LINESTRING.

Availability: 1.5.0 behavior changed to output double precision instead of float4

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1. s2.1.1.1

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 5.1.15

Examples

SELECT ST_AsText(ST_Envelope('POINT(1 3)'::geometry));
 st_astext
------------
 POINT(1 3)
(1 row)


SELECT ST_AsText(ST_Envelope('LINESTRING(0 0, 1 3)'::geometry));
		   st_astext
--------------------------------
 POLYGON((0 0,0 3,1 3,1 0,0 0))
(1 row)


SELECT ST_AsText(ST_Envelope('POLYGON((0 0, 0 1, 1.0000001 1, 1.0000001 0, 0 0))'::geometry));
						  st_astext
--------------------------------------------------------------
 POLYGON((0 0,0 1,1.00000011920929 1,1.00000011920929 0,0 0))
(1 row)
SELECT ST_AsText(ST_Envelope('POLYGON((0 0, 0 1, 1.0000000001 1, 1.0000000001 0, 0 0))'::geometry));
						  st_astext
--------------------------------------------------------------
 POLYGON((0 0,0 1,1.00000011920929 1,1.00000011920929 0,0 0))
(1 row)
	
SELECT Box3D(geom), Box2D(geom), ST_AsText(ST_Envelope(geom)) As envelopewkt
	FROM (SELECT 'POLYGON((0 0, 0 1000012333334.34545678, 1.0000001 1, 1.0000001 0, 0 0))'::geometry As geom) As foo;


	

See Also

Box2D, Box3D

Description

Returns a line string representing the exterior ring of the POLYGON geometry. Return NULL if the geometry is not a polygon.

	Only works with POLYGON geometry types

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1. 2.1.5.1

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 8.2.3, 8.3.3

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

Examples

--If you have a table of polygons
SELECT gid, ST_ExteriorRing(the_geom) AS ering
FROM sometable;

--If you have a table of MULTIPOLYGONs
--and want to return a MULTILINESTRING composed of the exterior rings of each polygon
SELECT gid, ST_Collect(ST_ExteriorRing(the_geom)) AS erings
	FROM (SELECT gid, (ST_Dump(the_geom)).geom As the_geom
			FROM sometable) As foo
GROUP BY gid;

--3d Example
SELECT ST_AsEWKT(
	ST_ExteriorRing(
	ST_GeomFromEWKT('POLYGON((0 0 1, 1 1 1, 1 2 1, 1 1 1, 0 0 1))')
	)
);

st_asewkt
---------
LINESTRING(0 0 1,1 1 1,1 2 1,1 1 1,0 0 1)

See Also

ST_Boundary, ST_NumInteriorRings

Description

Return the 1-based Nth geometry if the geometry is a GEOMETRYCOLLECTION, MULTIPOINT, MULTILINESTRING, MULTICURVE or MULTIPOLYGON. Otherwise, return NULL.

	Index is 1-based as for OGC specs since version 0.8.0. Previous versions implemented this as 0-based instead.

	If you want to extract all geometries, of a geometry, ST_Dump is more efficient and will also work for singular geoms.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1.

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 9.1.5

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

This method supports Circular Strings and Curves

Examples

--Extracting a subset of points from a 3d multipoint
SELECT n, ST_AsEWKT(ST_GeometryN(the_geom, n)) As geomewkt
FROM (
VALUES (ST_GeomFromEWKT('MULTIPOINT(1 2 7, 3 4 7, 5 6 7, 8 9 10)') ),
( ST_GeomFromEWKT('MULTICURVE(CIRCULARSTRING(2.5 2.5,4.5 2.5, 3.5 3.5), (10 11, 12 11))') )
	)As foo(the_geom)
	CROSS JOIN generate_series(1,100) n
WHERE n <= ST_NumGeometries(the_geom);

 n |               geomewkt
---+-----------------------------------------
 1 | POINT(1 2 7)
 2 | POINT(3 4 7)
 3 | POINT(5 6 7)
 4 | POINT(8 9 10)
 1 | CIRCULARSTRING(2.5 2.5,4.5 2.5,3.5 3.5)
 2 | LINESTRING(10 11,12 11)


--Extracting all geometries (useful when you want to assign an id)
SELECT gid, n, ST_GeometryN(the_geom, n)
FROM sometable CROSS JOIN generate_series(1,100) n
WHERE n <= ST_NumGeometries(the_geom);

See Also

ST_Dump, ST_NumGeometries

Description

Returns the type of the geometry as a string. EG: 'ST_Linestring', 'ST_Polygon','ST_MultiPolygon' etc. This function differs from GeometryType(geometry) in the case of the string and ST in front that is returned, as well as the fact that it will not indicate whether the geometry is measured.

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 5.1.4

Examples

SELECT ST_GeometryType(ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(77.29 29.07,77.42 29.26,77.27 29.31,77.29 29.07)'));
			--result
			ST_LineString
			

See Also

GeometryType

Description

Return the Nth interior linestring ring of the polygon geometry. Return NULL if the geometry is not a polygon or the given N is out of range. index starts at 1.

	This will not work for MULTIPOLYGONs. Use in conjunction with ST_Dump for MULTIPOLYGONS

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1.

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 8.2.6, 8.3.5

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

Examples

SELECT ST_AsText(ST_InteriorRingN(the_geom, 1)) As the_geom
FROM (SELECT ST_BuildArea(
		ST_Collect(ST_Buffer(ST_Point(1,2), 20,3),
			ST_Buffer(ST_Point(1, 2), 10,3))) As the_geom
		)  as foo
		

See Also

ST_BuildArea, ST_Collect, ST_Dump, ST_NumInteriorRing, ST_NumInteriorRings

Description

Returns TRUE if the LINESTRING's start and end points are coincident.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1.

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 7.1.5, 9.3.3

	SQL-MM defines the result of ST_IsClosed(NULL) to be 0, while PostGIS returns NULL.

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

This method supports Circular Strings and Curves

Examples

postgis=# SELECT ST_IsClosed('LINESTRING(0 0, 1 1)'::geometry);
 st_isclosed
-------------
 f
(1 row)

postgis=# SELECT ST_IsClosed('LINESTRING(0 0, 0 1, 1 1, 0 0)'::geometry);
 st_isclosed
-------------
 t
(1 row)

postgis=# SELECT ST_IsClosed('MULTILINESTRING((0 0, 0 1, 1 1, 0 0),(0 0, 1 1))'::geometry);
 st_isclosed
-------------
 f
(1 row)

postgis=# SELECT ST_IsClosed('POINT(0 0)'::geometry);
 st_isclosed
-------------
 t
(1 row)

postgis=# SELECT ST_IsClosed('MULTIPOINT((0 0), (1 1))'::geometry);
 st_isclosed
-------------
 t
(1 row)

See Also

ST_IsRing

Description

Returns true if this Geometry is an empty geometry . If true, then this Geometry represents an empty geometry collection, polygon, point etc.

	SQL-MM defines the result of ST_IsEmpty(NULL) to be 0, while PostGIS returns NULL.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1. s2.1.1.1

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 5.1.7

This method supports Circular Strings and Curves

Examples

SELECT ST_IsEmpty('GEOMETRYCOLLECTION(EMPTY)');
 st_isempty
------------
 t
(1 row)

 SELECT ST_IsEmpty(ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON EMPTY'));
 st_isempty
------------
 t
(1 row)

SELECT ST_IsEmpty(ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((1 2, 3 4, 5 6, 1 2))'));

 st_isempty
------------
 f
(1 row)

 SELECT ST_IsEmpty(ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((1 2, 3 4, 5 6, 1 2))')) = false;
 ?column?
----------
 t
(1 row)

 SELECT ST_IsEmpty(ST_GeomFromText('CIRCULARSTRING EMPTY'));
  st_isempty
------------
 t
(1 row)


		

Description

Returns TRUE if this LINESTRING is both ST_IsClosed (ST_StartPoint(g) ~= ST_Endpoint(g)) and ST_IsSimple (does not self intersect).

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1. 2.1.5.1

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 7.1.6

	SQL-MM defines the result of ST_IsRing(NULL) to be 0, while PostGIS returns NULL.

Examples

SELECT ST_IsRing(the_geom), ST_IsClosed(the_geom), ST_IsSimple(the_geom)
FROM (SELECT 'LINESTRING(0 0, 0 1, 1 1, 1 0, 0 0)'::geometry AS the_geom) AS foo;
 st_isring | st_isclosed | st_issimple
-----------+-------------+-------------
 t         | t           | t
(1 row)

SELECT ST_IsRing(the_geom), ST_IsClosed(the_geom), ST_IsSimple(the_geom)
FROM (SELECT 'LINESTRING(0 0, 0 1, 1 0, 1 1, 0 0)'::geometry AS the_geom) AS foo;
 st_isring | st_isclosed | st_issimple
-----------+-------------+-------------
 f         | t           | f
(1 row)

See Also

ST_IsClosed, ST_IsSimple, ST_StartPoint, ST_EndPoint

Description

Returns true if this Geometry has no anomalous geometric points, such as self intersection or self tangency. For more information on the OGC's definition of geometry simplicity and validity, refer to "Ensuring OpenGIS compliancy of geometries"

	SQL-MM defines the result of ST_IsSimple(NULL) to be 0, while PostGIS returns NULL.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1. s2.1.1.1

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 5.1.8

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

Examples

 SELECT ST_IsSimple(ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((1 2, 3 4, 5 6, 1 2))'));
 st_issimple
-------------
 t
(1 row)

 SELECT ST_IsSimple(ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(1 1,2 2,2 3.5,1 3,1 2,2 1)'));
 st_issimple
-------------
 f
(1 row)

See Also

ST_IsValid

Description

Test if an ST_Geometry value is well formed. For geometries that are invalid, the PostgreSQL NOTICE will provide details of why it is not valid. For more information on the OGC's definition of geometry simplicity and validity, refer to "Ensuring OpenGIS compliancy of geometries"

	SQL-MM defines the result of ST_IsValid(NULL) to be 0, while PostGIS returns NULL.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1.

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 5.1.9

Examples

SELECT ST_IsValid(ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(0 0, 1 1)')) As good_line,
	ST_IsValid(ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((0 0, 1 1, 1 2, 1 1, 0 0))')) As bad_poly
--results
NOTICE:  Self-intersection at or near point 0 0
 good_line | bad_poly
-----------+----------
 t         | f

See Also

ST_IsSimple, ST_IsValidReason, ST_Summary

Description

Returns text stating if a geometry is valid or not an if not valid, a reason why.

Useful in combination with ST_IsValid to generate a detailed report of invalid geometries and reasons.

Availability: 1.4 - requires GEOS >= 3.1.0.

Examples

--First 3 Rejects from a successful quintuplet experiment
SELECT gid, ST_IsValidReason(the_geom) as validity_info
FROM
(SELECT ST_MakePolygon(ST_ExteriorRing(e.buff), ST_Accum(f.line)) As the_geom, gid
FROM (SELECT ST_Buffer(ST_MakePoint(x1*10,y1), z1) As buff, x1*10 + y1*100 + z1*1000 As gid
	FROM generate_series(-4,6) x1
	CROSS JOIN generate_series(2,5) y1
	CROSS JOIN generate_series(1,8) z1
	WHERE x1 > y1*0.5 AND z1 < x1*y1) As e
	INNER JOIN (SELECT ST_Translate(ST_ExteriorRing(ST_Buffer(ST_MakePoint(x1*10,y1), z1)),y1*1, z1*2) As line
	FROM generate_series(-3,6) x1
	CROSS JOIN generate_series(2,5) y1
	CROSS JOIN generate_series(1,10) z1
	WHERE x1 > y1*0.75 AND z1 < x1*y1) As f
ON (ST_Area(e.buff) > 78 AND ST_Contains(e.buff, f.line))
GROUP BY gid, e.buff) As quintuplet_experiment
WHERE ST_IsValid(the_geom) = false
ORDER BY gid
LIMIT 3;

 gid  |      validity_info
------+--------------------------
 5330 | Self-intersection [32 5]
 5340 | Self-intersection [42 5]
 5350 | Self-intersection [52 5]

 --simple example
SELECT ST_IsValidReason('LINESTRING(220227 150406,2220227 150407,222020 150410)');

 st_isvalidreason
------------------
 Valid Geometry

		

See Also

ST_IsValid, ST_Summary

Description

Return the M coordinate of the point, or NULL if not available. Input must be a point.

	This is not (yet) part of the OGC spec, but is listed here to complete the point coordinate extractor function list.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1.

This method implements the SQL/MM specification.

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

Examples

SELECT ST_M(ST_GeomFromEWKT('POINT(1 2 3 4)'));
 st_m
------
	4
(1 row)

		

See Also

ST_GeomFromEWKT, ST_X, ST_Y, ST_Z

Description

Returns the coordinate dimension of the geometry. PostGIS supports 2 - (x,y) , 3 - (x,y,z) or 2D with measure - x,y,m, and 4 - 3D with measure space x,y,z,m

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

Examples

SELECT ST_NDims(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(1 1)')) As d2point,
	ST_NDims(ST_GeomFromEWKT('POINT(1 1 2)')) As d3point,
	ST_NDims(ST_GeomFromEWKT('POINTM(1 1 0.5)')) As d2pointm;

	 d2point | d3point | d2pointm
---------+---------+----------
	   2 |       3 |        3
			

See Also

ST_CoordDim, ST_Dimension, ST_GeomFromEWKT

Description

Return the number of points in a geometry. Works for all geometries.

	Prior to 1.3.4, this function crashes if used with geometries that contain CURVES. This is fixed in 1.3.4+

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

This method supports Circular Strings and Curves

Examples

SELECT ST_NPoints(ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(77.29 29.07,77.42 29.26,77.27 29.31,77.29 29.07)'));
--result
4

--Polygon in 3D space
SELECT ST_NPoints(ST_GeomFromEWKT('LINESTRING(77.29 29.07 1,77.42 29.26 0,77.27 29.31 -1,77.29 29.07 3)'))
--result
4

See Also

ST_NumPoints

Description

If the geometry is a polygon or multi-polygon returns the number of rings. Unlike NumInteriorRings, it counts the outer rings as well.

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

This method supports Circular Strings and Curves

Examples

SELECT ST_NRings(the_geom) As Nrings, ST_NumInteriorRings(the_geom) As ninterrings
					FROM (SELECT ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((1 2, 3 4, 5 6, 1 2))') As the_geom) As foo;
	 nrings | ninterrings
--------+-------------
	  1 |           0
(1 row)

See Also

ST_NumInteriorRings

Description

Returns the number of Geometries. If geometry is a GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (or MULTI*) return the number of geometries, otherwise return NULL.

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 9.1.4

Examples

--Although ST_NumGeometries will return null when passed a single, you can wrap in ST_Multi to force 1 or more for all geoms
SELECT ST_NumGeometries(ST_Multi(ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(77.29 29.07,77.42 29.26,77.27 29.31,77.29 29.07)')));
--result
1

--Geometry Collection Example - multis count as one geom in a collection
SELECT ST_NumGeometries(ST_GeomFromEWKT('GEOMETRYCOLLECTION(MULTIPOINT(-2 3 , -2 2),
LINESTRING(5 5 ,10 10),
POLYGON((-7 4.2,-7.1 5,-7.1 4.3,-7 4.2)))'));
--result
3

See Also

ST_GeometryN, ST_Multi

Description

Return the number of interior rings of the first polygon in the geometry. This will work with both POLYGON and MULTIPOLYGON types but only looks at the first polygon. Return NULL if there is no polygon in the geometry.

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 8.2.5

Examples

--If you have a regular polygon
SELECT gid, field1, field2, ST_NumInteriorRings(the_geom) AS numholes
FROM sometable;

--If you have multipolygons
--And you want to know the total number of interior rings in the MULTIPOLYGON
SELECT gid, field1, field2, SUM(ST_NumInteriorRings(the_geom)) AS numholes
FROM (SELECT gid, field1, field2, (ST_Dump(the_geom)).geom As the_geom
	FROM sometable) As foo
GROUP BY gid, field1,field2;
			

See Also

ST_NumInteriorRing

Description

Return the number of interior rings of the first polygon in the geometry. Synonym to ST_NumInteriorRings. The OpenGIS specs are ambiguous about the exact function naming, so we provide both spellings.

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 8.2.5

See Also

ST_NumInteriorRings

Description

Return the number of points in an ST_LineString or ST_CircularString value. Prior to 1.4 only works with Linestrings as the specs state. From 1.4 forward this is an alias for ST_NPoints which returns number of vertexes for not just line strings. Consider using ST_NPoints instead which is multi-purpose and works with many geometry types.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1.

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 7.2.4

Examples

SELECT ST_NumPoints(ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(77.29 29.07,77.42 29.26,77.27 29.31,77.29 29.07)'));
		--result
		4
		

See Also

ST_NPoints

Description

Return the Nth point in the first linestring or circular linestring in the geometry. Return NULL if there is no linestring in the geometry.

	Index is 1-based as for OGC specs since version 0.8.0. Previous versions implemented this as 0-based instead.

	If you want to get the nth point of each line string in a multilinestring, use in conjunction with ST_Dump

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1.

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 7.2.5, 7.3.5

This function supports 3d and will not drop the z-index.

This method supports Circular Strings and Curves

Examples

-- Extract all POINTs from a LINESTRING
SELECT ST_AsText(
   ST_PointN(
	  column1,
	  generate_series(1, ST_NPoints(column1))
   ))
FROM ( VALUES ('LINESTRING(0 0, 1 1, 2 2)'::geometry) ) AS foo;

 st_astext
------------
 POINT(0 0)
 POINT(1 1)
 POINT(2 2)
(3 rows)

--Example circular string
SELECT ST_AsText(ST_PointN(ST_GeomFromText('CIRCULARSTRING(1 2, 3 2, 1 2)'),2));

st_astext
----------
POINT(3 2)

See Also

ST_NPoints

Description

Returns the spatial reference identifier for the ST_Geometry as defined in Section 4.3.1, “The SPATIAL_REF_SYS Table and Spatial Reference Systems” table.

	spatial_ref_sys table is a table that catalogs all spatial reference systems known to PostGIS and is used for transformations from one spatial reference system to another. So verifying you have the right spatial reference system identifier is important if you plan to ever transform your geometries.

This method implements the OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1. s2.1.1.1

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 5.1.5

This method supports Circular Strings and Curves

Examples

SELECT ST_SRID(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(-71.1043 42.315)',4326));
		--result
		4326
		

See Also

Section 4.3.1, “The SPATIAL_REF_SYS Table and Spatial Reference Systems”,ST_GeomFromText, ST_SetSRID, ST_Transform

Description

Returns the first point of a LINESTRING geometry as a POINT or NULL if the input parameter is not a LINESTRING.

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 7.1.3