Math Conversion Tests

Math alphabet / Mathvariant

TeX's math alphabet macros change font features of (some) letters and digits. Non-alphanumerical symbols, function names, and mathematical text are left unchanged.

default:

VRx±cos(αout)3ΓxV_R x \pm \cos(\alpha_\text{out}) \approx 3 \Gamma \quad \forall x \in \mathbb{R}

mathrm:

VRx±cos(αout)3Γx\mathrm{V_R x \pm \cos(\alpha_\text{out}) \approx 3 \Gamma \quad \forall x \in \mathbb{R}}

mathbf:

𝐕𝐑𝐱±cos(𝛂out)3𝚪𝐱\mathbf{V_R x \pm \cos(\alpha_\text{out}) \approx 3 \Gamma \quad \forall x \in \mathbb{R}}

mathit:

𝑉𝑅𝑥±cos(𝛼out)3𝛤𝑥\mathit{V_R x \pm \cos(\alpha_\text{out}) \approx 3 \Gamma \quad \forall x \in \mathbb{R}}

mathbfit:

𝑽𝑹𝒙±cos(𝜶out)3𝜞𝒙\mathbfit{V_R x \pm \cos(\alpha_\text{out}) \approx 3 \Gamma \quad \forall x \in \mathbb{R}}

mathbb:

𝕍𝕩±cos(αout)3𝕩\mathbb{V_R x \pm \cos(\alpha_\text{out}) \approx 3 \Gamma \quad \forall x \in \mathbb{R}}

mathcal:

𝒱𝓍±cos(αout)3Γ𝓍\mathcal{V_R x \pm \cos(\alpha_\text{out}) \approx 3 \Gamma \quad \forall x \in \mathbb{R}}

mathscr:

𝒱𝓍±cos(αout)3Γ𝓍\mathscr{V_R x \pm \cos(\alpha_\text{out}) \approx 3 \Gamma \quad \forall x \in \mathbb{R}}

mathfrak:

𝔙𝔵±cos(αout)3Γ𝔵\mathfrak{V_R x \pm \cos(\alpha_\text{out}) \approx 3 \Gamma \quad \forall x \in \mathbb{R}}

mathsf:

𝖵𝖱𝗑±cos(αout)3Γ𝗑\mathsf{V_R x \pm \cos(\alpha_\text{out}) \approx 3 \Gamma \quad \forall x \in \mathbb{R}}

mathsfit:

𝘝𝘙𝘹±cos(αout)3Γ𝘹\mathsfit{V_R x \pm \cos(\alpha_\text{out}) \approx 3 \Gamma \quad \forall x \in \mathbb{R}}

mathsfbfit:

\mathsfbfit{V_R x \pm \cos(\alpha_\text{out}) \approx 3 \Gamma \quad \forall x \in \mathbb{R}}

mathbfsfit:

𝙑𝙍𝙭±cos(𝞪out)3𝞒𝙭\mathbfsfit{V_R x \pm \cos(\alpha_\text{out}) \approx 3 \Gamma \quad \forall x \in \mathbb{R}}

mathtt:

𝚅𝚁𝚡±cos(αout)3Γ𝚡\mathtt{V_R x \pm \cos(\alpha_\text{out}) \approx 3 \Gamma \quad \forall x \in \mathbb{R}}

MathML 4 defines the mathvariant style attribute, in MathML core, characters from the Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols Unicode block are used.

The mathvariants bold-script, bold-fraktur, and sans-bold are rarely used. They are currently not supported by Docutils's native MathML output. In LaTeX, \mathbfscr and \mathbffrac is supported by the mathalpha package.

Bold variants of any symbol can be achieved in combination with the \boldsymbol command, e.g.

bold-fraktur:

𝔙𝔵\boldsymbol{\mathfrak{V_R x}}

Note, that \boldsymbol emboldens also non-alphanumerical symbols.

Complex Example

From the baskervaldx package documentation:

Simplest form of the Central Limit Theorem:

Let X1,X2,X_1, X_2,\cdots be a sequence of iid random variables with mean 00 and variance 11 on a probability space (Ω,,)(\Omega,\mathcal{F},\mathbb{P}). Then

(X1++Xnny)𝔑(y)yet2/22πdtas n,\mathbb{P}\left(\frac{X_1+\cdots+X_n}{\sqrt{n}} \le y\right) \to\mathfrak{N}(y) \coloneq \int_{-\infty}^y \frac{\mathrm{e}^{-t^2/2}}{\sqrt{2\mathrm{\pi}}}\, \mathrm{d}t \quad\mbox{as $n\to\infty$,}

or, equivalently, letting Sn1nXkS_n\coloneq\sum_1^n X_k,

𝔼f(Sn/n)f(t)et2/22πdtas n, for every fb𝒞().\mathbb{E} f\left(S_n/\sqrt{n}\right) \to \int_{-\infty}^\infty f(t) \frac{\mathrm{e}^{-t^2/2}}{\sqrt{2\mathrm{\pi}}}\, \mathrm{d}t \quad\mbox{as $n\to\infty$, for every $f\in\mathrm{b} \mathcal{C}(\mathbb{R})$.}

Inferred <mrow>s in MathML

The elements <msqrt>, <mstyle>, <merror>, <mpadded>, <mphantom>, <menclose>, <mtd>, <mscarry>, and <math> treat their contents as a single inferred mrow formed from all their children.

a = \sqrt 2 + x,\quad
b = \sqrt{1+x^2},\quad
c = \sqrt\frac{\sin(x)}{23},

inline: a = \sqrt 2 + x, b = \sqrt{1+x^2}, c = \sqrt\frac{\sin(x)}{23}.

Scripts and Limits

Accents should be nearer to the base: aa¯,ll¯,ii¯\bar a \overline a, \bar l \overline l, \bar i \overline i, r\vec{r} r\overrightarrow{r}.

Sub- and superscript may be given in any order: xij=xijx_i^j = x^j_i and 01=01\int_0^1 = \int^1_0.

Double exponent: x104x^{10^4}, rTinr_{T_\mathrm{in}} and xin2x_i^{n^2}.

Nested groups

tex-token returns "{" for nested groups:

das ist ein toller text (unescaped {and }is ignored by LaTeX)\text{das ist ein {toller} text (unescaped \{ and \} is ignored by LaTeX)}

Big delimiters and symbols

Compare automatic sizing with fixed sizes:

\left( 3                          \right)
\left( f(x)                       \right)
\left( \bar x                     \right)
\left( \overline x                \right)
\left( n_i                        \right) &= () \\
\left( \underline x               \right) &= \bigl(\text{big}\bigr)\\
\left( 3^2                        \right)
\left( \sqrt{3}                   \right)
\left( \sqrt{3^2}                 \right)
\left( \sum                       \right)
\left( \bigotimes                 \right)
\left( \prod                      \right) &= \Bigl(\text{Big}\Bigr)\\
\left( \frac{3  }{2}              \right)
\left( \frac{3^2}{2^4}            \right)
\binom{3  }{2}
\begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix}
\left( \frac{1}{\sqrt 2}          \right)
\left( \int                       \right)
\left( \int_0                     \right)
\left( \int^1                     \right)
\left( \int_0^1                   \right) &= \biggl(\text{bigg}\biggr)\\
\left( \frac{\sqrt 2}{2}          \right)
\left( \sum_0                     \right)
\left( \sum^1                     \right)
\left( \sum_0^1                   \right)
\left( \frac{\frac1x}{\frac{1}{n}}\right) &= \Biggl(\text{Bigg}\Biggr)\\
\left( \intop_0                   \right)
\left( \intop^1                   \right)
\left( \intop_0^1                 \right)

And in text:

()():

(3)(f(x))(x)(x¯)(ni)()(0)()\left(3 \right) \left( f(x) \right) \left( \bar x \right) \left( \overline x \right) \left( n_i \right) \left( \sum \right) \left( \sum_0 \right) \left( \prod \right)

(big)\bigl(\text{big}\bigr):

(x_)(32)(32)(abcd)()\left(\underline x \right) \left( 3^2 \right) \binom{3}{2} \left(\begin{smallmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{smallmatrix} \right) \left( \bigotimes \right)

\Bigl(\text{Big}\Bigr):

(3)(32)(32)(3224)(22)()(0)(1)(01)(1)(01)(1x1n)\left(\sqrt{3} \right) \left( \sqrt{3^2} \right) \left( \frac{3}{2} \right) \left( \frac{3^2}{2^4} \right) \left( \frac{\sqrt 2}{2} \right) \left( \int \right) \left( \int_0 \right) \left( \int^1 \right) \left( \int_0^1 \right) \left( \sum^1 \right) \left( \sum_0^1 \right) \left( \frac{\frac1x}{\frac{1}{n}}\right)

Test \left, \right, and the bigl/bigr, … size commands with all extensible delimiters.

pairing:

(b)(b)(b)[b][b][b]{b}{b}{b}bbb\left.( b \right) \ \bigl( b \Bigr) \ \biggl( b \Biggr) \quad \left.[ b \right] \ \bigl[ b \Bigr] \ \biggl[ b \Biggr] \quad \left.\{ b \right\} \ \bigl\{ b \Bigr\} \ \biggl\{ b \Biggr\} \quad \left.\langle b \right\rangle \ \bigl\langle b \Bigr\rangle \ \biggl\langle b \Biggr\rangle
bbbbbb|b||b||b|bbb\left.\lceil b \right\rceil \ \bigl\lceil b \Bigr\rceil \ \biggl\lceil b \Biggr\rceil \quad \left.\lfloor b \right\rfloor \ \bigl\lfloor b \Bigr\rfloor \ \biggl\lfloor b \Biggr\rfloor \quad \left.\lvert b \right\rvert \ \bigl\lvert b \Bigr\rvert \ \biggl\lvert b \Biggr\rvert \quad \left.\lVert b \right\rVert \ \bigl\lVert b \Bigr\rVert \ \biggl\lVert b \Biggr\rVert
\left.\lgroup b \right\rgroup \ \bigl\lgroup b \Bigr\rgroup \ \biggl\lgroup b \Biggr\rgroup
\quad
\left.\lmoustache b \right\rmoustache \ \bigl\lmoustache b \Bigr\rmoustache \ \biggl\lmoustache b \Biggr\rmoustache
\quad
\left./           b \right\backslash  \ \bigl/           b \Bigr\backslash  \ \biggl/           b \Biggr\backslash

non-pairing:

|b||b||b||b||b||b|bbbbbb\left.| b \right| \ \bigl| b \Bigr| \ \biggl| b \Biggr| \quad \left.\vert b \right\vert \ \bigl\vert b \Bigr\vert \ \biggl\vert b \Biggr\vert \quad \left.\| b \right\| \ \bigl\| b \Bigr\| \ \biggl\| b \Biggr\| \quad \left.\Vert b \right\Vert \ \bigl\Vert b \Bigr\Vert \ \biggl\Vert b \Biggr\Vert
\left.\arrowvert b \right\arrowvert \ \bigl\arrowvert b \Bigr\arrowvert \ \biggl\arrowvert b \Biggr\arrowvert
\quad
\left.\Arrowvert b \right\Arrowvert \ \bigl\Arrowvert b \Bigr\Arrowvert \ \biggl\Arrowvert b \Biggr\Arrowvert
\quad
\left.\bracevert b \right\bracevert \ \bigl\bracevert b \Bigr\bracevert \ \biggl\bracevert b \Biggr\bracevert

Variable-sized operators:

Inline: \int\ \iint\ \iiint\ \iiiint\ \idotsint \oint\ \smallint\ \sum\ \prod\ \coprod\ \bigwedge\ \bigvee\ \bigcap\ \bigcup\ \biguplus\ \bigsqcup\ \bigodot\ \bigoplus\ \bigotimes and Display:

\int\ \iint\ \iiint\ \iiiint\ \idotsint\ \oint\ \smallint\
\sum\ \prod\ \coprod\ \bigwedge\ \bigvee\ \bigcap\ \bigcup\
\biguplus\ \bigsqcup\ \bigodot\ \bigoplus\ \bigotimes
\int_1 f\ \intop_1 f\ \iint_1 f\ \smallint_1 f\ \sum_1\
\prod_1\ \bigwedge_1\ \bigcap_1\ \biguplus_1\ \bigodot_1\ \int^N\
\intop^N\ \iiiint^N\ \oint^N\ \smallint^N\ \sum^N\ \coprod^N\
\bigvee^N\ \bigcup^N\ \bigsqcup^N\ \bigotimes^N
\int_1^N\ \intop_1^N\ \iint_1^N\ \iiint_1^N\ \iiiint_1^N\
\idotsint_1^N\ \oint_1^N\ \smallint_1^N\ \sum_1^N\ \prod_1^N\
\coprod_1^N\ \bigwedge_1^N\ \bigvee_1^N\ \bigcap_1^N\ \bigcup_1^N
\ \biguplus_1^N\ \bigsqcup_1^N\ \bigodot_1^N\ \bigoplus_1^N\
\bigotimes_1^N

Text

The text may contain non-ASCII characters: nStoßn_\text{Stoß}.

Some text-mode LaTeX commands are supported with math_output "html". In other output formats, use literal Unicode: ç é è ë ê ñ ů ž ©\text{ç é è ë ê ñ ů ž ©} to get the result of the accent macros \text{\c{c} \'e \`e \"e \^e \~n \r{u} \v{z} \textcircled{c}}.