import io
import os
import re
import sys

import falcon


class StaticRoute(object):
    """Represents a static route.

    Args:
        prefix (str): The path prefix to match for this route. If the
            path in the requested URI starts with this string, the remainder
            of the path will be appended to the source directory to
            determine the file to serve. This is done in a secure manner
            to prevent an attacker from requesting a file outside the
            specified directory.

            Note that static routes are matched in LIFO order, and are only
            attempted after checking dynamic routes and sinks.

        directory (str): The source directory from which to serve files. Must
            be an absolute path.
        downloadable (bool): Set to ``True`` to include a
            Content-Disposition header in the response. The "filename"
            directive is simply set to the name of the requested file.
        fallback_filename (str): Fallback filename used when the requested file
            is not found. Can be a relative path inside the prefix folder or
            any valid absolute path.

            Note:
                If the fallback file is served instead of the requested file,
                the response Content-Type header, as well as the
                Content-Disposition header (provided it was requested with the
                `downloadable` parameter described above), are derived from the
                fallback filename, as opposed to the requested filename.
    """

    # NOTE(kgriffs): Don't allow control characters and reserved chars
    if sys.version_info.major == 3:
        _DISALLOWED_CHARS_PATTERN = re.compile('[\x00-\x1f\x80-\x9f\ufffd~?<>:*|\'"]')
    else:
        _DISALLOWED_CHARS_PATTERN = re.compile('[\x00-\x1f\x80-\x9f~?<>:*|\'"]|\xef\xbf\xbd')

    # NOTE(kgriffs): If somehow an executable code exploit is triggerable, this
    # minimizes how much can be included in the payload.
    _MAX_NON_PREFIXED_LEN = 512

    def __init__(self, prefix, directory, downloadable=False, fallback_filename=None):
        if not prefix.startswith('/'):
            raise ValueError("prefix must start with '/'")

        if not os.path.isabs(directory):
            raise ValueError('directory must be an absolute path')

        if fallback_filename is None:
            self._fallback_filename = None
        else:
            self._fallback_filename = os.path.join(directory, fallback_filename)
            if not os.path.isfile(self._fallback_filename):
                raise ValueError('fallback_filename is not a file')

        # NOTE(kgriffs): Ensure it ends with a path separator to ensure
        # we only match on the complete segment. Don't raise an error
        # because most people won't expect to have to append a slash.
        if not prefix.endswith('/'):
            prefix += '/'

        self._prefix = prefix
        self._directory = directory
        self._downloadable = downloadable

    def match(self, path):
        """Check whether the given path matches this route."""
        if self._fallback_filename is None:
            return path.startswith(self._prefix)
        return path.startswith(self._prefix) or path == self._prefix[:-1]

    def __call__(self, req, resp):
        """Resource responder for this route."""

        without_prefix = req.path[len(self._prefix):]

        # NOTE(kgriffs): Check surrounding whitespace and strip trailing
        # periods, which are illegal on windows
        # NOTE(CaselIT): An empty filename is allowed when fallback_filename is provided
        if (not (without_prefix or self._fallback_filename is not None) or
                without_prefix.strip().rstrip('.') != without_prefix or
                self._DISALLOWED_CHARS_PATTERN.search(without_prefix) or
                '\\' in without_prefix or
                '//' in without_prefix or
                len(without_prefix) > self._MAX_NON_PREFIXED_LEN):

            raise falcon.HTTPNotFound()

        normalized = os.path.normpath(without_prefix)

        if normalized.startswith('../') or normalized.startswith('/'):
            raise falcon.HTTPNotFound()

        file_path = os.path.join(self._directory, normalized)

        # NOTE(kgriffs): Final sanity-check just to be safe. This check
        # should never succeed, but this should guard against us having
        # overlooked something.
        if '..' in file_path or not file_path.startswith(self._directory):
            raise falcon.HTTPNotFound()

        try:
            resp.stream = io.open(file_path, 'rb')
        except IOError:
            if self._fallback_filename is None:
                raise falcon.HTTPNotFound()
            try:
                resp.stream = io.open(self._fallback_filename, 'rb')
                file_path = self._fallback_filename
            except IOError:
                raise falcon.HTTPNotFound()

        suffix = os.path.splitext(file_path)[1]
        resp.content_type = resp.options.static_media_types.get(
            suffix,
            'application/octet-stream'
        )

        if self._downloadable:
            resp.downloadable_as = os.path.basename(file_path)