"""The parshios module has functions to find the weekly parasha. Examples -------- >>> from pyluach import dates, parshios >>> date = dates.HebrewDate(5781, 10, 5) >>> parshios.getparsha(date) 'Vayigash' >>> parshios.getparsha_string(date, hebrew=True) 'ויגש' >>> parshios.getparsha_string(dates.GregorianDate(2021, 3, 7), hebrew=True) 'ויקהל, פקודי' Note ---- The algorithm is based on Dr. Irv Bromberg's, University of Toronto at http://individual.utoronto.ca/kalendis/hebrew/parshah.htm All English parsha names are transliterated into the American Ashkenazik pronunciation. Attributes ---------- PARSHIOS : list of str A list of the parshios transliterated into English. PARSHIOS_HEBREW : list of str A list of the parshios in Hebrew. """ from collections import deque, OrderedDict from functools import lru_cache from enum import Enum, IntEnum, auto from pyluach.dates import HebrewDate from pyluach.utils import _is_leap PARSHIOS = [ 'Bereishis', 'Noach', 'Lech Lecha', 'Vayeira', 'Chayei Sarah', 'Toldos', 'Vayeitzei', 'Vayishlach', 'Vayeishev', 'Mikeitz', 'Vayigash', 'Vayechi', 'Shemos', "Va'eira", 'Bo', 'Beshalach', 'Yisro', 'Mishpatim', 'Terumah', 'Tetzaveh', 'Ki Sisa', 'Vayakhel', 'Pekudei', 'Vayikra', 'Tzav', 'Shemini', 'Tazria', 'Metzora', 'Acharei Mos', 'Kedoshim', 'Emor', 'Behar', 'Bechukosai', 'Bamidbar', 'Nasso', "Beha'aloscha", 'Shelach', 'Korach', 'Chukas', 'Balak', 'Pinchas', 'Mattos', 'Masei', 'Devarim', "Va'eschanan", 'Eikev', "Re'eh", 'Shoftim', 'Ki Seitzei', 'Ki Savo', 'Nitzavim', 'Vayeilech', 'Haazinu', 'Vezos Haberachah' ] PARSHIOS_HEBREW = [ 'בראשית', 'נח', 'לך לך', 'וירא', 'חיי שרה', 'תולדות', 'ויצא', 'וישלח', 'וישב', 'מקץ', 'ויגש', 'ויחי', 'שמות', 'וארא', 'בא', 'בשלח', 'יתרו', 'משפטים', 'תרומה', 'תצוה', 'כי תשא', 'ויקהל', 'פקודי', 'ויקרא', 'צו', 'שמיני', 'תזריע', 'מצורע', 'אחרי מות', 'קדושים', 'אמור', 'בהר', 'בחוקותי', 'במדבר', 'נשא', 'בהעלותך', 'שלח', 'קרח', 'חקת', 'בלק', 'פינחס', 'מטות', 'מסעי', 'דברים', 'ואתחנן', 'עקב', 'ראה', 'שופטים', 'כי תצא', 'כי תבא', 'נצבים', 'וילך', 'האזינו', 'וזאת הברכה' ] class _Parshios_Enum(IntEnum): BEREISHIS = 0 NOACH = 1 LECH_LECHA = auto() VAYEIRA = auto() CHAYEI_SARAH = auto() TOLDOS = auto() VAYEITZEI = auto() VAYISHLACH = auto() VAYEISHEV = auto() MIKEITZ = auto() VAYIGASH = auto() VAYECHI = auto() SHEMOS = auto() VAEIRA = auto() BO = auto() BESHALACH = auto() YISRO = auto() MISHPATIM = auto() TERUMAH = auto() TETZAVEH = auto() KI_SISA = auto() VAYAKHEL = auto() PEKUDEI = auto() VAYIKRA = auto() TZAV = auto() SHEMINI = auto() TAZRIA = auto() METZORA = auto() ACHAREI_MOS = auto() KEDOSHIM = auto() EMOR = auto() BEHAR = auto() BECHUKOSAI = auto() BAMIDBAR = auto() NASSO = auto() BEHAALOSCHA = auto() SHELACH = auto() KORACH = auto() CHUKAS = auto() BALAK = auto() PINCHAS = auto() MATTOS = auto() MASEI = auto() DEVARIM = auto() VAESCHANAN = auto() EIKEV = auto() REEH = auto() SHOFTIM = auto() KI_SEITZEI = auto() KI_SAVO = auto() NITZAVIM = auto() VAYEILECH = auto() HAAZINU = auto() VEZOS_HABERACHAH = auto() class _FourParshiosEnum(Enum): SHEKALIM = auto() ZACHOR = auto() PARAH = auto() HACHODESH = auto() _FOUR_PARSHIOS = { _FourParshiosEnum.ZACHOR: 'Zachor', _FourParshiosEnum.SHEKALIM: 'Shekalim', _FourParshiosEnum.HACHODESH: 'Hachodesh', _FourParshiosEnum.PARAH: 'Parah', } _FOUR_PARSHIOS_HEBREW = { _FourParshiosEnum.ZACHOR: 'זכור', _FourParshiosEnum.SHEKALIM: 'שקלים', _FourParshiosEnum.PARAH: 'פרה', _FourParshiosEnum.HACHODESH: 'החודש' } def _parshaless(date, israel=False): if israel and date.tuple()[1:] in [(7, 23), (1, 22), (3, 7)]: return False if date.month == 7 and date.day in ([1, 2, 10] + list(range(15, 24))): return True if date.month == 1 and date.day in range(15, 23): return True if date.month == 3 and date.day in [6, 7]: return True return False @lru_cache(maxsize=10) def _gentable(year, israel=False): """Return OrderedDict mapping date of Shabbos to list of parsha numbers. The numbers start with Beraishis as 0. Double parshios are represented as a list of the two numbers. If there is no Parsha the value is None. """ parshalist = deque([51, 52] + list(range(52))) table = OrderedDict() leap = _is_leap(year) pesachday = HebrewDate(year, 1, 15).weekday() rosh_hashana = HebrewDate(year, 7, 1) shabbos = rosh_hashana.shabbos() if rosh_hashana.weekday() > 4: parshalist.popleft() while shabbos.year == year: if _parshaless(shabbos, israel): table[shabbos] = None else: parsha = parshalist.popleft() table[shabbos] = [parsha] if ( ( parsha == _Parshios_Enum.VAYAKHEL and (HebrewDate(year, 1, 14) - shabbos) // 7 < 3 ) or ( parsha in [ _Parshios_Enum.TAZRIA, _Parshios_Enum.ACHAREI_MOS ] and not leap ) or ( parsha == _Parshios_Enum.BEHAR and not leap and (not israel or pesachday != 7) ) or ( parsha == _Parshios_Enum.CHUKAS and not israel and pesachday == 5 ) or ( parsha == _Parshios_Enum.MATTOS and (HebrewDate(year, 5, 9)-shabbos) // 7 < 2 ) or ( parsha == _Parshios_Enum.NITZAVIM and HebrewDate(year+1, 7, 1).weekday() > 4 ) ): # If any of that then it's a double parsha. table[shabbos].append(parshalist.popleft()) shabbos += 7 return table def getparsha(date, israel=False): """Return the parsha for a given date. Returns the parsha for the Shabbos on or following the given date. Parameters ---------- date : ~pyluach.dates.BaseDate Any subclass of ``BaseDate``. This date does not have to be a Shabbos. israel : bool, optional ``True`` if you want the parsha according to the Israel schedule (with only one day of Yom Tov). Defaults to ``False``. Returns ------- list of int or None A list of the numbers of the parshios for the Shabbos of the given date, beginning with 0 for Beraishis, or ``None`` if the Shabbos doesn't have a parsha (i.e. it's on Yom Tov). """ shabbos = date.to_heb().shabbos() table = _gentable(shabbos.year, israel) return table[shabbos] def getparsha_string(date, israel=False, hebrew=False): """Return the parsha as a string for the given date. This function wraps ``getparsha`` returning the parsha name. Parameters ---------- date : ~pyluach.dates.BaseDate Any subclass of ``BaseDate``. The date does not have to be a Shabbos. israel : bool, optional ``True`` if you want the parsha according to the Israel schedule (with only one day of Yom Tov). Default is ``False``. hebrew : bool, optional ``True`` if you want the name of the parsha in Hebrew. Default is ``False``. Returns ------- str or None The name of the parsha separated by a comma and space if it is a double parsha or ``None`` if there is no parsha that Shabbos (ie. it's yom tov). """ parsha = getparsha(date, israel) if parsha is None: return None if not hebrew: name = [PARSHIOS[n] for n in parsha] else: name = [PARSHIOS_HEBREW[n] for n in parsha] return ', '.join(name) def iterparshios(year, israel=False): """Generate all the parshios in the year. Parameters ---------- year : int The Hebrew year to get the parshios for. israel : bool, optional ``True`` if you want the parsha according to the Israel schedule (with only one day of Yom Tov). Defaults to ``False`` Yields ------ :obj:`list` of :obj:`int` or :obj:`None` A list of the numbers of the parshios for the next Shabbos in the given year. Yields ``None`` for a Shabbos that doesn't have its own parsha (i.e. it occurs on a yom tov). """ table = _gentable(year, israel) for shabbos in table.values(): yield shabbos def parshatable(year, israel=False): """Return a table of all the Shabbosos in the year Parameters ---------- year : int The Hebrew year to get the parshios for. israel : bool, optional ``True`` if you want the parshios according to the Israel schedule (with only one day of Yom Tov). Defaults to ``False``. Returns ------- ~collections.OrderedDict An ordered dictionary with the ``HebrewDate`` of each Shabbos as the key mapped to the parsha as a list of ints, or ``None`` for a Shabbos with no parsha. """ return _gentable(year, israel) def _get_hachodesh(date): """Return Hachodesh given Hebrew date.""" year = date.year shabbos = date.shabbos() rc_nissan = HebrewDate(year, 1, 1) if shabbos <= rc_nissan and shabbos - rc_nissan < 7: return _FourParshiosEnum.HACHODESH return None def _get_four_parshios(date): """Return the special parsha given Hebrew date.""" year = date.year adar = 12 if _is_leap(year): adar = 13 shabbos = date.shabbos() rc_adar = HebrewDate(year, adar, 1) if shabbos <= rc_adar and rc_adar - shabbos < 7: return _FourParshiosEnum.SHEKALIM if shabbos.month == adar: purim = HebrewDate(year, adar, 14) if shabbos < purim and (purim - shabbos) < 7: return _FourParshiosEnum.ZACHOR if _get_hachodesh(date + 7): return _FourParshiosEnum.PARAH if _get_hachodesh(date): return _FourParshiosEnum.HACHODESH return None def four_parshios(date, hebrew=False): """Return which of the four parshios is given date's Shabbos. Parameters ---------- date : ~pyluach.dates.BaseDate Any subclass of ``BaseDate``. This date does not have to be a Shabbos. hebrew : bool ``True`` if you want the name of the parsha in Hebrew. Default is ``False``. Returns ------- str The name of the one of the four parshios or an empty string if that shabbos is not one of them. """ date = date.to_heb() special_parsha = _get_four_parshios(date) if special_parsha is None: return '' if hebrew: return _FOUR_PARSHIOS_HEBREW[special_parsha] return _FOUR_PARSHIOS[special_parsha]