pyproj

1 """ 2 Cython wrapper to provide python interfaces to 3 PROJ.4 (https://github.com/OSGeo/proj.4/wiki) functions. 4 5 Performs cartographic transformations and geodetic computations. 6 7 The Proj class can convert from geographic (longitude,latitude) 8 to native map projection (x,y) coordinates and vice versa, or 9 from one map projection coordinate system directly to another. 10 The module variable pj_list is a dictionary containing all the 11 available projections and their descriptions. 12 13 The Geod class can perform forward and inverse geodetic, or 14 Great Circle, computations. The forward computation involves 15 determining latitude, longitude and back azimuth of a terminus 16 point given the latitude and longitude of an initial point, plus 17 azimuth and distance. The inverse computation involves 18 determining the forward and back azimuths and distance given the 19 latitudes and longitudes of an initial and terminus point. 20 21 Input coordinates can be given as python arrays, lists/tuples, 22 scalars or numpy/Numeric/numarray arrays. Optimized for objects 23 that support the Python buffer protocol (regular python and 24 numpy array objects). 25 26 Download: http://python.org/pypi/pyproj 27 28 Requirements: python 2.4 or higher. 29 30 Example scripts are in 'test' subdirectory of source distribution. 31 The 'test()' function will run the examples in the docstrings. 32 33 Contact: Jeffrey Whitaker <jeffrey.s.whitaker@noaa.gov 34 35 copyright (c) 2006 by Jeffrey Whitaker. 36 37 Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software 38 and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby 39 granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all 40 copies and that both the copyright notice and this permission 41 notice appear in supporting documentation. THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS 42 ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL 43 IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT 44 SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR 45 CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM 46 LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, 47 NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN 48 CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. """ 49 50 import sys 51 from pyproj import _proj 52 from pyproj.datadir import pyproj_datadir 53 __version__ = _proj.__version__ 54 set_datapath = _proj.set_datapath 55 from array import array 56 import os, math 57 #import numpy as np 58 59 # Python 2/3 compatibility 60 if sys.version_info[0] == 2: # Python 2 61 string_types = (basestring,) 62 else: # Python 3 63 string_types = (str,) 64 65 pj_list={ 66 'aea': "Albers Equal Area", 67 'aeqd': "Azimuthal Equidistant", 68 'airy': "Airy", 69 'aitoff': "Aitoff", 70 'alsk': "Mod. Stererographics of Alaska", 71 'apian': "Apian Globular I", 72 'august': "August Epicycloidal", 73 'bacon': "Bacon Globular", 74 'bipc': "Bipolar conic of western hemisphere", 75 'boggs': "Boggs Eumorphic", 76 'bonne': "Bonne (Werner lat_1=90)", 77 'cass': "Cassini", 78 'cc': "Central Cylindrical", 79 'cea': "Equal Area Cylindrical", 80 'chamb': "Chamberlin Trimetric", 81 'collg': "Collignon", 82 'crast': "Craster Parabolic (Putnins P4)", 83 'denoy': "Denoyer Semi-Elliptical", 84 'eck1': "Eckert I", 85 'eck2': "Eckert II", 86 'eck3': "Eckert III", 87 'eck4': "Eckert IV", 88 'eck5': "Eckert V", 89 'eck6': "Eckert VI", 90 'eqc': "Equidistant Cylindrical (Plate Caree)", 91 'eqdc': "Equidistant Conic", 92 'etmerc': "Extended Transverse Mercator" , 93 'euler': "Euler", 94 'fahey': "Fahey", 95 'fouc': "Foucaut", 96 'fouc_s': "Foucaut Sinusoidal", 97 'gall': "Gall (Gall Stereographic)", 98 'geocent': "Geocentric", 99 'geos': "Geostationary Satellite View", 100 'gins8': "Ginsburg VIII (TsNIIGAiK)", 101 'gn_sinu': "General Sinusoidal Series", 102 'gnom': "Gnomonic", 103 'goode': "Goode Homolosine", 104 'gs48': "Mod. Stererographics of 48 U.S.", 105 'gs50': "Mod. Stererographics of 50 U.S.", 106 'hammer': "Hammer & Eckert-Greifendorff", 107 'hatano': "Hatano Asymmetrical Equal Area", 108 'healpix': "HEALPix", 109 'rhealpix': "rHEALPix", 110 'igh': "Interrupted Goode Homolosine", 111 'imw_p': "International Map of the World Polyconic", 112 'isea': "Icosahedral Snyder Equal Area", 113 'kav5': "Kavraisky V", 114 'kav7': "Kavraisky VII", 115 'krovak': "Krovak", 116 'labrd': "Laborde", 117 'laea': "Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area", 118 'lagrng': "Lagrange", 119 'larr': "Larrivee", 120 'lask': "Laskowski", 121 'lonlat': "Lat/long (Geodetic)", 122 'latlon': "Lat/long (Geodetic alias)", 123 'latlong': "Lat/long (Geodetic alias)", 124 'longlat': "Lat/long (Geodetic alias)", 125 'lcc': "Lambert Conformal Conic", 126 'lcca': "Lambert Conformal Conic Alternative", 127 'leac': "Lambert Equal Area Conic", 128 'lee_os': "Lee Oblated Stereographic", 129 'loxim': "Loximuthal", 130 'lsat': "Space oblique for LANDSAT", 131 'mbt_s': "McBryde-Thomas Flat-Polar Sine", 132 'mbt_fps': "McBryde-Thomas Flat-Pole Sine (No. 2)", 133 'mbtfpp': "McBride-Thomas Flat-Polar Parabolic", 134 'mbtfpq': "McBryde-Thomas Flat-Polar Quartic", 135 'mbtfps': "McBryde-Thomas Flat-Polar Sinusoidal", 136 'merc': "Mercator", 137 'mil_os': "Miller Oblated Stereographic", 138 'mill': "Miller Cylindrical", 139 'moll': "Mollweide", 140 'murd1': "Murdoch I", 141 'murd2': "Murdoch II", 142 'murd3': "Murdoch III", 143 'natearth': "Natural Earth", 144 'nell': "Nell", 145 'nell_h': "Nell-Hammer", 146 'nicol': "Nicolosi Globular", 147 'nsper': "Near-sided perspective", 148 'nzmg': "New Zealand Map Grid", 149 'ob_tran': "General Oblique Transformation", 150 'ocea': "Oblique Cylindrical Equal Area", 151 'oea': "Oblated Equal Area", 152 'omerc': "Oblique Mercator", 153 'ortel': "Ortelius Oval", 154 'ortho': "Orthographic", 155 'pconic': "Perspective Conic", 156 'poly': "Polyconic (American)", 157 'putp1': "Putnins P1", 158 'putp2': "Putnins P2", 159 'putp3': "Putnins P3", 160 'putp3p': "Putnins P3'", 161 'putp4p': "Putnins P4'", 162 'putp5': "Putnins P5", 163 'putp5p': "Putnins P5'", 164 'putp6': "Putnins P6", 165 'putp6p': "Putnins P6'", 166 'qua_aut': "Quartic Authalic", 167 'robin': "Robinson", 168 'rouss': "Roussilhe Stereographic", 169 'rpoly': "Rectangular Polyconic", 170 'sinu': "Sinusoidal (Sanson-Flamsteed)", 171 'somerc': "Swiss. Obl. Mercator", 172 'stere': "Stereographic", 173 'sterea': "Oblique Stereographic Alternative", 174 'gstmerc': "Gauss-Schreiber Transverse Mercator (aka Gauss-Laborde Reunion)", 175 'tcc': "Transverse Central Cylindrical", 176 'tcea': "Transverse Cylindrical Equal Area", 177 'tissot': "Tissot Conic", 178 'tmerc': "Transverse Mercator", 179 'tpeqd': "Two Point Equidistant", 180 'tpers': "Tilted perspective", 181 'ups': "Universal Polar Stereographic", 182 'urm5': "Urmaev V", 183 'urmfps': "Urmaev Flat-Polar Sinusoidal", 184 'utm': "Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)", 185 'vandg': "van der Grinten (I)", 186 'vandg2': "van der Grinten II", 187 'vandg3': "van der Grinten III", 188 'vandg4': "van der Grinten IV", 189 'vitk1': "Vitkovsky I", 190 'wag1': "Wagner I (Kavraisky VI)", 191 'wag2': "Wagner II", 192 'wag3': "Wagner III", 193 'wag4': "Wagner IV", 194 'wag5': "Wagner V", 195 'wag6': "Wagner VI", 196 'wag7': "Wagner VII", 197 'weren': "Werenskiold I", 198 'wink1': "Winkel I", 199 'wink2': "Winkel II", 200 'wintri': "Winkel Tripel"} 201 202 pj_ellps={ 203 "MERIT": {'a':6378137.0,'rf':298.257,'description':"MERIT 1983"}, 204 "SGS85": {'a':6378136.0,'rf':298.257,'description':"Soviet Geodetic System 85"}, 205 "GRS80": {'a':6378137.0,'rf':298.257222101,'description':"GRS 1980(IUGG, 1980)"}, 206 "IAU76": {'a':6378140.0,'rf':298.257,'description':"IAU 1976"}, 207 "airy": {'a':6377563.396,'b':6356256.910,'description':"Airy 1830"}, 208 "APL4.9": {'a':6378137.0,'rf':298.25,'description':"Appl. Physics. 1965"}, 209 "NWL9D": {'a':6378145.0,'rf':298.25,'description':" Naval Weapons Lab., 1965"}, 210 "mod_airy": {'a':6377340.189,'b':6356034.446,'description':"Modified Airy"}, 211 "andrae": {'a':6377104.43,'rf':300.0,'description':"Andrae 1876 (Den., Iclnd.)"}, 212 "aust_SA": {'a':6378160.0,'rf':298.25,'description':"Australian Natl & S. Amer. 1969"}, 213 "GRS67": {'a':6378160.0,'rf':298.2471674270,'description':"GRS 67(IUGG 1967)"}, 214 "bessel": {'a':6377397.155,'rf':299.1528128,'description':"Bessel 1841"}, 215 "bess_nam": {'a':6377483.865,'rf':299.1528128,'description':"Bessel 1841 (Namibia)"}, 216 "clrk66": {'a':6378206.4,'b':6356583.8,'description':"Clarke 1866"}, 217 "clrk80": {'a':6378249.145,'rf':293.4663,'description':"Clarke 1880 mod."}, 218 "CPM": {'a':6375738.7,'rf':334.29,'description':"Comm. des Poids et Mesures 1799"}, 219 "delmbr": {'a':6376428.,'rf':311.5,'description':"Delambre 1810 (Belgium)"}, 220 "engelis": {'a':6378136.05,'rf':298.2566,'description':"Engelis 1985"}, 221 "evrst30": {'a':6377276.345,'rf':300.8017,'description':"Everest 1830"}, 222 "evrst48": {'a':6377304.063,'rf':300.8017,'description':"Everest 1948"}, 223 "evrst56": {'a':6377301.243,'rf':300.8017,'description':"Everest 1956"}, 224 "evrst69": {'a':6377295.664,'rf':300.8017,'description':"Everest 1969"}, 225 "evrstSS": {'a':6377298.556,'rf':300.8017,'description':"Everest (Sabah & Sarawak)"}, 226 "fschr60": {'a':6378166.,'rf':298.3,'description':"Fischer (Mercury Datum) 1960"}, 227 "fschr60m": {'a':6378155.,'rf':298.3,'description':"Modified Fischer 1960"}, 228 "fschr68": {'a':6378150.,'rf':298.3,'description':"Fischer 1968"}, 229 "helmert": {'a':6378200.,'rf':298.3,'description':"Helmert 1906"}, 230 "hough": {'a':6378270.0,'rf':297.,'description':"Hough"}, 231 "intl": {'a':6378388.0,'rf':297.,'description':"International 1909 (Hayford)"}, 232 "krass": {'a':6378245.0,'rf':298.3,'description':"Krassovsky, 1942"}, 233 "kaula": {'a':6378163.,'rf':298.24,'description':"Kaula 1961"}, 234 "lerch": {'a':6378139.,'rf':298.257,'description':"Lerch 1979"}, 235 "mprts": {'a':6397300.,'rf':191.,'description':"Maupertius 1738"}, 236 "new_intl": {'a':6378157.5,'b':6356772.2,'description':"New International 1967"}, 237 "plessis": {'a':6376523.,'b':6355863.,'description':"Plessis 1817 (France)"}, 238 "SEasia": {'a':6378155.0,'b':6356773.3205,'description':"Southeast Asia"}, 239 "walbeck": {'a':6376896.0,'b':6355834.8467,'description':"Walbeck"}, 240 "WGS60": {'a':6378165.0,'rf':298.3,'description':"WGS 60"}, 241 "WGS66": {'a':6378145.0,'rf':298.25,'description':"WGS 66"}, 242 "WGS72": {'a':6378135.0,'rf':298.26,'description':"WGS 72"}, 243 "WGS84": {'a':6378137.0,'rf':298.257223563,'description':"WGS 84"}, 244 "sphere": {'a':6370997.0,'b':6370997.0,'description':"Normal Sphere"}, 245 } 246 247 #if not os.path.isdir(pyproj_datadir): 248 # msg="proj data directory not found. Expecting it at: %s"%pyproj_datadir 249 # raise IOError(msg) 250 251 set_datapath(pyproj_datadir) 252

253 -class Proj(_proj.Proj):

254 """ 255 performs cartographic transformations (converts from 256 longitude,latitude to native map projection x,y coordinates and 257 vice versa) using proj (https://github.com/OSGeo/proj.4/wiki). 258 259 A Proj class instance is initialized with proj map projection 260 control parameter key/value pairs. The key/value pairs can 261 either be passed in a dictionary, or as keyword arguments, 262 or as a proj4 string (compatible with the proj command). See 263 http://www.remotesensing.org/geotiff/proj_list for examples of 264 key/value pairs defining different map projections. 265 266 Calling a Proj class instance with the arguments lon, lat will 267 convert lon/lat (in degrees) to x/y native map projection 268 coordinates (in meters). If optional keyword 'inverse' is True 269 (default is False), the inverse transformation from x/y to 270 lon/lat is performed. If optional keyword 'radians' is True 271 (default is False) lon/lat are interpreted as radians instead of 272 degrees. If optional keyword 'errcheck' is True (default is 273 False) an exception is raised if the transformation is invalid. 274 If errcheck=False and the transformation is invalid, no 275 exception is raised and 1.e30 is returned. If the optional keyword 276 'preserve_units' is True, the units in map projection coordinates 277 are not forced to be meters. 278 279 Works with numpy and regular python array objects, python 280 sequences and scalars. 281 """ 282

283 - def __new__(self, projparams=None, preserve_units=False, **kwargs):

284 """ 285 initialize a Proj class instance. 286 287 Proj4 projection control parameters must either be given in a 288 dictionary 'projparams' or as keyword arguments. See the proj 289 documentation (https://github.com/OSGeo/proj.4/wiki) for more information 290 about specifying projection parameters. 291 292 Example usage: 293 294 >>> from pyproj import Proj 295 >>> p = Proj(proj='utm',zone=10,ellps='WGS84') # use kwargs 296 >>> x,y = p(-120.108, 34.36116666) 297 >>> 'x=%9.3f y=%11.3f' % (x,y) 298 'x=765975.641 y=3805993.134' 299 >>> 'lon=%8.3f lat=%5.3f' % p(x,y,inverse=True) 300 'lon=-120.108 lat=34.361' 301 >>> # do 3 cities at a time in a tuple (Fresno, LA, SF) 302 >>> lons = (-119.72,-118.40,-122.38) 303 >>> lats = (36.77, 33.93, 37.62 ) 304 >>> x,y = p(lons, lats) 305 >>> 'x: %9.3f %9.3f %9.3f' % x 306 'x: 792763.863 925321.537 554714.301' 307 >>> 'y: %9.3f %9.3f %9.3f' % y 308 'y: 4074377.617 3763936.941 4163835.303' 309 >>> lons, lats = p(x, y, inverse=True) # inverse transform 310 >>> 'lons: %8.3f %8.3f %8.3f' % lons 311 'lons: -119.720 -118.400 -122.380' 312 >>> 'lats: %8.3f %8.3f %8.3f' % lats 313 'lats: 36.770 33.930 37.620' 314 >>> p2 = Proj('+proj=utm +zone=10 +ellps=WGS84') # use proj4 string 315 >>> x,y = p2(-120.108, 34.36116666) 316 >>> 'x=%9.3f y=%11.3f' % (x,y) 317 'x=765975.641 y=3805993.134' 318 >>> p = Proj(init="epsg:32667") 319 >>> 'x=%12.3f y=%12.3f (meters)' % p(-114.057222, 51.045) 320 'x=-1783486.760 y= 6193833.196 (meters)' 321 >>> p = Proj("+init=epsg:32667",preserve_units=True) 322 >>> 'x=%12.3f y=%12.3f (feet)' % p(-114.057222, 51.045) 323 'x=-5851322.810 y=20320934.409 (feet)' 324 >>> p = Proj(proj='hammer') # hammer proj and inverse 325 >>> x,y = p(-30,40) 326 >>> 'x=%12.3f y=%12.3f' % (x,y) 327 'x=-2711575.083 y= 4395506.619' 328 >>> lon,lat = p(x,y,inverse=True) 329 >>> 'lon=%9.3f lat=%9.3f (degrees)' % (lon,lat) 330 'lon= -30.000 lat= 40.000 (degrees)' 331 """ 332 # if projparams is None, use kwargs. 333 if projparams is None: 334 if len(kwargs) == 0: 335 raise RuntimeError('no projection control parameters specified') 336 else: 337 projstring = _dict2string(kwargs) 338 elif isinstance(projparams, string_types): 339 # if projparams is a string or a unicode string, interpret as a proj4 init string. 340 projstring = projparams 341 else: # projparams a dict 342 projstring = _dict2string(projparams) 343 # make sure units are meters if preserve_units is False. 344 if not projstring.count('+units=') and not preserve_units: 345 projstring = '+units=m '+projstring 346 else: 347 kvpairs = [] 348 for kvpair in projstring.split(): 349 if kvpair.startswith('+units') and not preserve_units: 350 k,v = kvpair.split('=') 351 kvpairs.append(k+'=m ') 352 else: 353 kvpairs.append(kvpair+' ') 354 projstring = ''.join(kvpairs) 355 # look for EPSG, replace with epsg (EPSG only works 356 # on case-insensitive filesystems). 357 projstring = projstring.replace('EPSG','epsg') 358 return _proj.Proj.__new__(self, projstring)

359

360 - def __call__(self, *args, **kw):

361 #,lon,lat,inverse=False,radians=False,errcheck=False): 362 """ 363 Calling a Proj class instance with the arguments lon, lat will 364 convert lon/lat (in degrees) to x/y native map projection 365 coordinates (in meters). If optional keyword 'inverse' is True 366 (default is False), the inverse transformation from x/y to 367 lon/lat is performed. If optional keyword 'radians' is True 368 (default is False) the units of lon/lat are radians instead of 369 degrees. If optional keyword 'errcheck' is True (default is 370 False) an exception is raised if the transformation is invalid. 371 If errcheck=False and the transformation is invalid, no 372 exception is raised and 1.e30 is returned. 373 374 Inputs should be doubles (they will be cast to doubles if they 375 are not, causing a slight performance hit). 376 377 Works with numpy and regular python array objects, python 378 sequences and scalars, but is fastest for array objects. 379 """ 380 inverse = kw.get('inverse', False) 381 radians = kw.get('radians', False) 382 errcheck = kw.get('errcheck', False) 383 #if len(args) == 1: 384 # latlon = np.array(args[0], copy=True, 385 # order='C', dtype=float, ndmin=2) 386 # if inverse: 387 # _proj.Proj._invn(self, latlon, radians=radians, errcheck=errcheck) 388 # else: 389 # _proj.Proj._fwdn(self, latlon, radians=radians, errcheck=errcheck) 390 # return latlon 391 lon, lat = args 392 # process inputs, making copies that support buffer API. 393 inx, xisfloat, xislist, xistuple = _copytobuffer(lon) 394 iny, yisfloat, yislist, yistuple = _copytobuffer(lat) 395 # call proj4 functions. inx and iny modified in place. 396 if inverse: 397 _proj.Proj._inv(self, inx, iny, radians=radians, errcheck=errcheck) 398 else: 399 _proj.Proj._fwd(self, inx, iny, radians=radians, errcheck=errcheck) 400 # if inputs were lists, tuples or floats, convert back. 401 outx = _convertback(xisfloat,xislist,xistuple,inx) 402 outy = _convertback(yisfloat,yislist,xistuple,iny) 403 return outx, outy

404

405 - def to_latlong(self):

406 """returns an equivalent Proj in the corresponding lon/lat 407 coordinates. (see pj_latlong_from_proj() in the Proj.4 C API)""" 408 return _proj.Proj.to_latlong(self)

409

410 - def is_latlong(self):

411 """returns True if projection in geographic (lon/lat) coordinates""" 412 return _proj.Proj.is_latlong(self)

413

414 - def is_geocent(self):

415 """returns True if projection in geocentric (x/y) coordinates""" 416 return _proj.Proj.is_geocent(self)

417

418 -def transform(p1, p2, x, y, z=None, radians=False):

419 """ 420 x2, y2, z2 = transform(p1, p2, x1, y1, z1, radians=False) 421 422 Transform points between two coordinate systems defined by the 423 Proj instances p1 and p2. 424 425 The points x1,y1,z1 in the coordinate system defined by p1 are 426 transformed to x2,y2,z2 in the coordinate system defined by p2. 427 428 z1 is optional, if it is not set it is assumed to be zero (and 429 only x2 and y2 are returned). 430 431 In addition to converting between cartographic and geographic 432 projection coordinates, this function can take care of datum 433 shifts (which cannot be done using the __call__ method of the 434 Proj instances). It also allows for one of the coordinate 435 systems to be geographic (proj = 'latlong'). 436 437 If optional keyword 'radians' is True (default is False) and p1 438 is defined in geographic coordinate (pj.is_latlong() is True), 439 x1,y1 is interpreted as radians instead of the default degrees. 440 Similarly, if p2 is defined in geographic coordinates and 441 radians=True, x2, y2 are returned in radians instead of degrees. 442 if p1.is_latlong() and p2.is_latlong() both are False, the 443 radians keyword has no effect. 444 445 x,y and z can be numpy or regular python arrays, python 446 lists/tuples or scalars. Arrays are fastest. For projections in 447 geocentric coordinates, values of x and y are given in meters. 448 z is always meters. 449 450 Example usage: 451 452 >>> # projection 1: UTM zone 15, grs80 ellipse, NAD83 datum 453 >>> # (defined by epsg code 26915) 454 >>> p1 = Proj(init='epsg:26915') 455 >>> # projection 2: UTM zone 15, clrk66 ellipse, NAD27 datum 456 >>> p2 = Proj(init='epsg:26715') 457 >>> # find x,y of Jefferson City, MO. 458 >>> x1, y1 = p1(-92.199881,38.56694) 459 >>> # transform this point to projection 2 coordinates. 460 >>> x2, y2 = transform(p1,p2,x1,y1) 461 >>> '%9.3f %11.3f' % (x1,y1) 462 '569704.566 4269024.671' 463 >>> '%9.3f %11.3f' % (x2,y2) 464 '569722.342 4268814.027' 465 >>> '%8.3f %5.3f' % p2(x2,y2,inverse=True) 466 ' -92.200 38.567' 467 >>> # process 3 points at a time in a tuple 468 >>> lats = (38.83,39.32,38.75) # Columbia, KC and StL Missouri 469 >>> lons = (-92.22,-94.72,-90.37) 470 >>> x1, y1 = p1(lons,lats) 471 >>> x2, y2 = transform(p1,p2,x1,y1) 472 >>> xy = x1+y1 473 >>> '%9.3f %9.3f %9.3f %11.3f %11.3f %11.3f' % xy 474 '567703.344 351730.944 728553.093 4298200.739 4353698.725 4292319.005' 475 >>> xy = x2+y2 476 >>> '%9.3f %9.3f %9.3f %11.3f %11.3f %11.3f' % xy 477 '567721.149 351747.558 728569.133 4297989.112 4353489.644 4292106.305' 478 >>> lons, lats = p2(x2,y2,inverse=True) 479 >>> xy = lons+lats 480 >>> '%8.3f %8.3f %8.3f %5.3f %5.3f %5.3f' % xy 481 ' -92.220 -94.720 -90.370 38.830 39.320 38.750' 482 >>> # test datum shifting, installation of extra datum grid files. 483 >>> p1 = Proj(proj='latlong',datum='WGS84') 484 >>> x1 = -111.5; y1 = 45.25919444444 485 >>> p2 = Proj(proj="utm",zone=10,datum='NAD27') 486 >>> x2, y2 = transform(p1, p2, x1, y1) 487 >>> "%s %s" % (str(x2)[:9],str(y2)[:9]) 488 '1402285.9 5076292.4' 489 """ 490 # check that p1 and p2 are from the Proj class 491 if not isinstance(p1, Proj): 492 raise TypeError("p1 must be a Proj class") 493 if not isinstance(p2, Proj): 494 raise TypeError("p2 must be a Proj class") 495 496 # process inputs, making copies that support buffer API. 497 inx, xisfloat, xislist, xistuple = _copytobuffer(x) 498 iny, yisfloat, yislist, yistuple = _copytobuffer(y) 499 if z is not None: 500 inz, zisfloat, zislist, zistuple = _copytobuffer(z) 501 else: 502 inz = None 503 # call pj_transform. inx,iny,inz buffers modified in place. 504 _proj._transform(p1,p2,inx,iny,inz,radians) 505 # if inputs were lists, tuples or floats, convert back. 506 outx = _convertback(xisfloat,xislist,xistuple,inx) 507 outy = _convertback(yisfloat,yislist,xistuple,iny) 508 if inz is not None: 509 outz = _convertback(zisfloat,zislist,zistuple,inz) 510 return outx, outy, outz 511 else: 512 return outx, outy

513

514 -def _copytobuffer_return_scalar(x):

515 try: 516 # inx,isfloat,islist,istuple 517 return array('d',(float(x),)),True,False,False 518 except: 519 raise TypeError('input must be an array, list, tuple or scalar')

520

521 -def _copytobuffer(x):

522 """ 523 return a copy of x as an object that supports the python Buffer 524 API (python array if input is float, list or tuple, numpy array 525 if input is a numpy array). returns copyofx, isfloat, islist, 526 istuple (islist is True if input is a list, istuple is true if 527 input is a tuple, isfloat is true if input is a float). 528 """ 529 # make sure x supports Buffer API and contains doubles. 530 isfloat = False; islist = False; istuple = False 531 # first, if it's a numpy array scalar convert to float 532 # (array scalars don't support buffer API) 533 if hasattr(x,'shape'): 534 if x.shape == (): 535 return _copytobuffer_return_scalar(x) 536 else: 537 try: 538 # typecast numpy arrays to double. 539 # (this makes a copy - which is crucial 540 # since buffer is modified in place) 541 x.dtype.char 542 # Basemap issue 543 # https://github.com/matplotlib/basemap/pull/223/files 544 # (deal with input array in fortran order) 545 inx = x.copy(order="C").astype('d') 546 # inx,isfloat,islist,istuple 547 return inx,False,False,False 548 except: 549 try: # perhaps they are Numeric/numarrays? 550 # sorry, not tested yet. 551 # i don't know Numeric/numarrays has `shape'. 552 x.typecode() 553 inx = x.astype('d') 554 # inx,isfloat,islist,istuple 555 return inx,False,False,False 556 except: 557 raise TypeError('input must be an array, list, tuple or scalar') 558 else: 559 # perhaps they are regular python arrays? 560 if hasattr(x, 'typecode'): 561 #x.typecode 562 inx = array('d',x) 563 # try to convert to python array 564 # a list. 565 elif type(x) == list: 566 inx = array('d',x) 567 islist = True 568 # a tuple. 569 elif type(x) == tuple: 570 inx = array('d',x) 571 istuple = True 572 # a scalar? 573 else: 574 return _copytobuffer_return_scalar(x) 575 return inx,isfloat,islist,istuple

576

577 -def _convertback(isfloat,islist,istuple,inx):

578 # if inputs were lists, tuples or floats, convert back to original type. 579 if isfloat: 580 return inx[0] 581 elif islist: 582 return inx.tolist() 583 elif istuple: 584 return tuple(inx) 585 else: 586 return inx

587

588 -def _dict2string(projparams):

589 # convert a dict to a proj4 string. 590 pjargs = [] 591 for key,value in projparams.items(): 592 pjargs.append('+'+key+"="+str(value)+' ') 593 return ''.join(pjargs)

594

595 -class Geod(_proj.Geod):

596 """ 597 performs forward and inverse geodetic, or Great Circle, 598 computations. The forward computation (using the 'fwd' method) 599 involves determining latitude, longitude and back azimuth of a 600 computations. The forward computation (using the 'fwd' method) 601 involves determining latitude, longitude and back azimuth of a 602 terminus point given the latitude and longitude of an initial 603 point, plus azimuth and distance. The inverse computation (using 604 the 'inv' method) involves determining the forward and back 605 azimuths and distance given the latitudes and longitudes of an 606 initial and terminus point. 607 """

608 - def __new__(self, initstring=None, **kwargs):

609 """ 610 initialize a Geod class instance. 611 612 Geodetic parameters for specifying the ellipsoid 613 can be given in a dictionary 'initparams', as keyword arguments, 614 or as as proj4 geod initialization string. 615 Following is a list of the ellipsoids that may be defined using the 616 'ellps' keyword (these are stored in the model variable pj_ellps):: 617 618 MERIT a=6378137.0 rf=298.257 MERIT 1983 619 SGS85 a=6378136.0 rf=298.257 Soviet Geodetic System 85 620 GRS80 a=6378137.0 rf=298.257222101 GRS 1980(IUGG, 1980) 621 IAU76 a=6378140.0 rf=298.257 IAU 1976 622 airy a=6377563.396 b=6356256.910 Airy 1830 623 APL4.9 a=6378137.0. rf=298.25 Appl. Physics. 1965 624 airy a=6377563.396 b=6356256.910 Airy 1830 625 APL4.9 a=6378137.0. rf=298.25 Appl. Physics. 1965 626 NWL9D a=6378145.0. rf=298.25 Naval Weapons Lab., 1965 627 mod_airy a=6377340.189 b=6356034.446 Modified Airy 628 andrae a=6377104.43 rf=300.0 Andrae 1876 (Den., Iclnd.) 629 aust_SA a=6378160.0 rf=298.25 Australian Natl & S. Amer. 1969 630 GRS67 a=6378160.0 rf=298.247167427 GRS 67(IUGG 1967) 631 bessel a=6377397.155 rf=299.1528128 Bessel 1841 632 bess_nam a=6377483.865 rf=299.1528128 Bessel 1841 (Namibia) 633 clrk66 a=6378206.4 b=6356583.8 Clarke 1866 634 clrk80 a=6378249.145 rf=293.4663 Clarke 1880 mod. 635 CPM a=6375738.7 rf=334.29 Comm. des Poids et Mesures 1799 636 delmbr a=6376428. rf=311.5 Delambre 1810 (Belgium) 637 engelis a=6378136.05 rf=298.2566 Engelis 1985 638 evrst30 a=6377276.345 rf=300.8017 Everest 1830 639 evrst48 a=6377304.063 rf=300.8017 Everest 1948 640 evrst56 a=6377301.243 rf=300.8017 Everest 1956 641 evrst69 a=6377295.664 rf=300.8017 Everest 1969 642 evrstSS a=6377298.556 rf=300.8017 Everest (Sabah & Sarawak) 643 fschr60 a=6378166. rf=298.3 Fischer (Mercury Datum) 1960 644 fschr60m a=6378155. rf=298.3 Modified Fischer 1960 645 fschr68 a=6378150. rf=298.3 Fischer 1968 646 helmert a=6378200. rf=298.3 Helmert 1906 647 hough a=6378270.0 rf=297. Hough 648 helmert a=6378200. rf=298.3 Helmert 1906 649 hough a=6378270.0 rf=297. Hough 650 intl a=6378388.0 rf=297. International 1909 (Hayford) 651 krass a=6378245.0 rf=298.3 Krassovsky, 1942 652 kaula a=6378163. rf=298.24 Kaula 1961 653 lerch a=6378139. rf=298.257 Lerch 1979 654 mprts a=6397300. rf=191. Maupertius 1738 655 new_intl a=6378157.5 b=6356772.2 New International 1967 656 plessis a=6376523. b=6355863. Plessis 1817 (France) 657 SEasia a=6378155.0 b=6356773.3205 Southeast Asia 658 walbeck a=6376896.0 b=6355834.8467 Walbeck 659 WGS60 a=6378165.0 rf=298.3 WGS 60 660 WGS66 a=6378145.0 rf=298.25 WGS 66 661 WGS72 a=6378135.0 rf=298.26 WGS 72 662 WGS84 a=6378137.0 rf=298.257223563 WGS 84 663 sphere a=6370997.0 b=6370997.0 Normal Sphere (r=6370997) 664 665 The parameters of the ellipsoid may also be set directly using 666 the 'a' (semi-major or equatorial axis radius) keyword, and 667 any one of the following keywords: 'b' (semi-minor, 668 or polar axis radius), 'e' (eccentricity), 'es' (eccentricity 669 squared), 'f' (flattening), or 'rf' (reciprocal flattening). 670 671 See the proj documentation (https://github.com/OSGeo/proj.4/wiki) for more 672 information about specifying ellipsoid parameters (specifically, 673 the chapter 'Specifying the Earth's figure' in the main Proj 674 users manual). 675 676 Example usage: 677 678 >>> from pyproj import Geod 679 >>> g = Geod(ellps='clrk66') # Use Clarke 1866 ellipsoid. 680 >>> # specify the lat/lons of some cities. 681 >>> boston_lat = 42.+(15./60.); boston_lon = -71.-(7./60.) 682 >>> portland_lat = 45.+(31./60.); portland_lon = -123.-(41./60.) 683 >>> newyork_lat = 40.+(47./60.); newyork_lon = -73.-(58./60.) 684 >>> london_lat = 51.+(32./60.); london_lon = -(5./60.) 685 >>> # compute forward and back azimuths, plus distance 686 >>> # between Boston and Portland. 687 >>> az12,az21,dist = g.inv(boston_lon,boston_lat,portland_lon,portland_lat) 688 >>> "%7.3f %6.3f %12.3f" % (az12,az21,dist) 689 '-66.531 75.654 4164192.708' 690 >>> # compute latitude, longitude and back azimuth of Portland, 691 >>> # given Boston lat/lon, forward azimuth and distance to Portland. 692 >>> endlon, endlat, backaz = g.fwd(boston_lon, boston_lat, az12, dist) 693 >>> "%6.3f %6.3f %13.3f" % (endlat,endlon,backaz) 694 '45.517 -123.683 75.654' 695 >>> # compute the azimuths, distances from New York to several 696 >>> # cities (pass a list) 697 >>> lons1 = 3*[newyork_lon]; lats1 = 3*[newyork_lat] 698 >>> lons2 = [boston_lon, portland_lon, london_lon] 699 >>> lats2 = [boston_lat, portland_lat, london_lat] 700 >>> az12,az21,dist = g.inv(lons1,lats1,lons2,lats2) 701 >>> for faz,baz,d in list(zip(az12,az21,dist)): "%7.3f %7.3f %9.3f" % (faz,baz,d) 702 ' 54.663 -123.448 288303.720' 703 '-65.463 79.342 4013037.318' 704 ' 51.254 -71.576 5579916.651' 705 >>> g2 = Geod('+ellps=clrk66') # use proj4 style initialization string 706 >>> az12,az21,dist = g2.inv(boston_lon,boston_lat,portland_lon,portland_lat) 707 >>> "%7.3f %6.3f %12.3f" % (az12,az21,dist) 708 '-66.531 75.654 4164192.708' 709 """ 710 # if initparams is a proj-type init string, 711 # convert to dict. 712 ellpsd = {} 713 if initstring is not None: 714 for kvpair in initstring.split(): 715 # Actually only +a and +b are needed 716 # We can ignore safely any parameter that doesn't have a value 717 if kvpair.find('=') == -1: 718 continue 719 k,v = kvpair.split('=') 720 k = k.lstrip('+') 721 if k in ['a','b','rf','f','es','e']: 722 v = float(v) 723 ellpsd[k] = v 724 # merge this dict with kwargs dict. 725 kwargs = dict(list(kwargs.items()) + list(ellpsd.items())) 726 self.sphere = False 727 if 'ellps' in kwargs: 728 # ellipse name given, look up in pj_ellps dict 729 ellps_dict = pj_ellps[kwargs['ellps']] 730 a = ellps_dict['a'] 731 if ellps_dict['description']=='Normal Sphere': 732 self.sphere = True 733 if 'b' in ellps_dict: 734 b = ellps_dict['b'] 735 es = 1. - (b * b) / (a * a) 736 f = (a - b)/a 737 elif 'rf' in ellps_dict: 738 f = 1./ellps_dict['rf'] 739 b = a*(1. - f) 740 es = 1. - (b * b) / (a * a) 741 else: 742 # a (semi-major axis) and one of 743 # b the semi-minor axis 744 # rf the reciprocal flattening 745 # f flattening 746 # es eccentricity squared 747 # must be given. 748 a = kwargs['a'] 749 if 'b' in kwargs: 750 b = kwargs['b'] 751 es = 1. - (b * b) / (a * a) 752 f = (a - b)/a 753 elif 'rf' in kwargs: 754 f = 1./kwargs['rf'] 755 b = a*(1. - f) 756 es = 1. - (b * b) / (a * a) 757 elif 'f' in kwargs: 758 f = kwargs['f'] 759 b = a*(1. - f) 760 es = 1. - (b/a)**2 761 elif 'es' in kwargs: 762 es = kwargs['es'] 763 b = math.sqrt(a**2 - es*a**2) 764 f = (a - b)/a 765 elif 'e' in kwargs: 766 es = kwargs['e']**2 767 b = math.sqrt(a**2 - es*a**2) 768 f = (a - b)/a 769 else: 770 b = a 771 f = 0. 772 es = 0. 773 #msg='ellipse name or a, plus one of f,es,b must be given' 774 #raise ValueError(msg) 775 if math.fabs(f) < 1.e-8: self.sphere = True 776 self.a = a 777 self.b = b 778 self.f = f 779 self.es = es 780 return _proj.Geod.__new__(self, a, f)

781

782 - def fwd(self, lons, lats, az, dist, radians=False):

783 """ 784 forward transformation - Returns longitudes, latitudes and back 785 azimuths of terminus points given longitudes (lons) and 786 latitudes (lats) of initial points, plus forward azimuths (az) 787 and distances (dist). 788 latitudes (lats) of initial points, plus forward azimuths (az) 789 and distances (dist). 790 791 Works with numpy and regular python array objects, python 792 sequences and scalars. 793 794 if radians=True, lons/lats and azimuths are radians instead of 795 degrees. Distances are in meters. 796 """ 797 # process inputs, making copies that support buffer API. 798 inx, xisfloat, xislist, xistuple = _copytobuffer(lons) 799 iny, yisfloat, yislist, yistuple = _copytobuffer(lats) 800 inz, zisfloat, zislist, zistuple = _copytobuffer(az) 801 ind, disfloat, dislist, distuple = _copytobuffer(dist) 802 _proj.Geod._fwd(self, inx, iny, inz, ind, radians=radians) 803 # if inputs were lists, tuples or floats, convert back. 804 outx = _convertback(xisfloat,xislist,xistuple,inx) 805 outy = _convertback(yisfloat,yislist,xistuple,iny) 806 outz = _convertback(zisfloat,zislist,zistuple,inz) 807 return outx, outy, outz

808

809 - def inv(self,lons1,lats1,lons2,lats2,radians=False):

810 """ 811 inverse transformation - Returns forward and back azimuths, plus 812 distances between initial points (specified by lons1, lats1) and 813 terminus points (specified by lons2, lats2). 814 815 Works with numpy and regular python array objects, python 816 sequences and scalars. 817 818 if radians=True, lons/lats and azimuths are radians instead of 819 degrees. Distances are in meters. 820 """ 821 # process inputs, making copies that support buffer API. 822 inx, xisfloat, xislist, xistuple = _copytobuffer(lons1) 823 iny, yisfloat, yislist, yistuple = _copytobuffer(lats1) 824 inz, zisfloat, zislist, zistuple = _copytobuffer(lons2) 825 ind, disfloat, dislist, distuple = _copytobuffer(lats2) 826 _proj.Geod._inv(self,inx,iny,inz,ind,radians=radians) 827 # if inputs were lists, tuples or floats, convert back. 828 outx = _convertback(xisfloat,xislist,xistuple,inx) 829 outy = _convertback(yisfloat,yislist,xistuple,iny) 830 outz = _convertback(zisfloat,zislist,zistuple,inz) 831 return outx, outy, outz

832

833 - def npts(self, lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2, npts, radians=False):

834 """ 835 Given a single initial point and terminus point (specified by 836 python floats lon1,lat1 and lon2,lat2), returns a list of 837 longitude/latitude pairs describing npts equally spaced 838 intermediate points along the geodesic between the initial and 839 terminus points. 840 841 if radians=True, lons/lats are radians instead of degrees. 842 843 Example usage: 844 845 >>> from pyproj import Geod 846 >>> g = Geod(ellps='clrk66') # Use Clarke 1866 ellipsoid. 847 >>> # specify the lat/lons of Boston and Portland. 848 >>> g = Geod(ellps='clrk66') # Use Clarke 1866 ellipsoid. 849 >>> # specify the lat/lons of Boston and Portland. 850 >>> boston_lat = 42.+(15./60.); boston_lon = -71.-(7./60.) 851 >>> portland_lat = 45.+(31./60.); portland_lon = -123.-(41./60.) 852 >>> # find ten equally spaced points between Boston and Portland. 853 >>> lonlats = g.npts(boston_lon,boston_lat,portland_lon,portland_lat,10) 854 >>> for lon,lat in lonlats: '%6.3f %7.3f' % (lat, lon) 855 '43.528 -75.414' 856 '44.637 -79.883' 857 '45.565 -84.512' 858 '46.299 -89.279' 859 '46.830 -94.156' 860 '47.149 -99.112' 861 '47.251 -104.106' 862 '47.136 -109.100' 863 '46.805 -114.051' 864 '46.262 -118.924' 865 >>> # test with radians=True (inputs/outputs in radians, not degrees) 866 >>> import math 867 >>> dg2rad = math.radians(1.) 868 >>> rad2dg = math.degrees(1.) 869 >>> lonlats = g.npts(dg2rad*boston_lon,dg2rad*boston_lat,dg2rad*portland_lon,dg2rad*portland_lat,10,radians=True) 870 >>> for lon,lat in lonlats: '%6.3f %7.3f' % (rad2dg*lat, rad2dg*lon) 871 '43.528 -75.414' 872 '44.637 -79.883' 873 '45.565 -84.512' 874 '46.299 -89.279' 875 '46.830 -94.156' 876 '47.149 -99.112' 877 '47.251 -104.106' 878 '47.136 -109.100' 879 '46.805 -114.051' 880 '46.262 -118.924' 881 """ 882 lons, lats = _proj.Geod._npts(self, lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2, npts, radians=radians) 883 return list(zip(lons, lats))

884

885 -def test():

886 """run the examples in the docstrings using the doctest module""" 887 import doctest, pyproj 888 doctest.testmod(pyproj,verbose=True)

889 890 if __name__ == "__main__": test() 891

Source Code for Package pyproj