"""
The Geod class can perform forward and inverse geodetic, or
Great Circle, computations.  The forward computation involves
determining latitude, longitude and back azimuth of a terminus
point given the latitude and longitude of an initial point, plus
azimuth and distance. The inverse computation involves
determining the forward and back azimuths and distance given the
latitudes and longitudes of an initial and terminus point.
"""

__all__ = ["Geod", "pj_ellps", "geodesic_version_str"]

import math
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union

from pyproj._geod import Geod as _Geod
from pyproj._geod import geodesic_version_str
from pyproj.exceptions import GeodError
from pyproj.list import get_ellps_map
from pyproj.utils import _convertback, _copytobuffer

pj_ellps = get_ellps_map()


class Geod(_Geod):
    """
    performs forward and inverse geodetic, or Great Circle,
    computations.  The forward computation (using the 'fwd' method)
    involves determining latitude, longitude and back azimuth of a
    terminus point given the latitude and longitude of an initial
    point, plus azimuth and distance. The inverse computation (using
    the 'inv' method) involves determining the forward and back
    azimuths and distance given the latitudes and longitudes of an
    initial and terminus point.

    Attributes
    ----------
    initstring: str
        The string form of the user input used to create the Geod.
    sphere: bool
        If True, it is a sphere.
    a: float
        The ellipsoid equatorial radius, or semi-major axis.
    b: float
        The ellipsoid polar radius, or semi-minor axis.
    es: float
        The 'eccentricity' of the ellipse, squared (1-b2/a2).
    f: float
        The ellipsoid 'flattening' parameter ( (a-b)/a ).

    """

    def __init__(self, initstring: Optional[str] = None, **kwargs) -> None:
        """
        initialize a Geod class instance.

        Geodetic parameters for specifying the ellipsoid
        can be given in a dictionary 'initparams', as keyword arguments,
        or as as proj geod initialization string.

        You can get a dictionary of ellipsoids using :func:`pyproj.get_ellps_map`
        or with the variable `pyproj.pj_ellps`.

        The parameters of the ellipsoid may also be set directly using
        the 'a' (semi-major or equatorial axis radius) keyword, and
        any one of the following keywords: 'b' (semi-minor,
        or polar axis radius), 'e' (eccentricity), 'es' (eccentricity
        squared), 'f' (flattening), or 'rf' (reciprocal flattening).

        See the proj documentation (https://proj.org) for more
        information about specifying ellipsoid parameters.

        Example usage:

        >>> from pyproj import Geod
        >>> g = Geod(ellps='clrk66') # Use Clarke 1866 ellipsoid.
        >>> # specify the lat/lons of some cities.
        >>> boston_lat = 42.+(15./60.); boston_lon = -71.-(7./60.)
        >>> portland_lat = 45.+(31./60.); portland_lon = -123.-(41./60.)
        >>> newyork_lat = 40.+(47./60.); newyork_lon = -73.-(58./60.)
        >>> london_lat = 51.+(32./60.); london_lon = -(5./60.)
        >>> # compute forward and back azimuths, plus distance
        >>> # between Boston and Portland.
        >>> az12,az21,dist = g.inv(boston_lon,boston_lat,portland_lon,portland_lat)
        >>> f"{az12:.3f} {az21:.3f} {dist:.3f}"
        '-66.531 75.654 4164192.708'
        >>> # compute latitude, longitude and back azimuth of Portland,
        >>> # given Boston lat/lon, forward azimuth and distance to Portland.
        >>> endlon, endlat, backaz = g.fwd(boston_lon, boston_lat, az12, dist)
        >>> f"{endlat:.3f} {endlon:.3f} {backaz:.3f}"
        '45.517 -123.683 75.654'
        >>> # compute the azimuths, distances from New York to several
        >>> # cities (pass a list)
        >>> lons1 = 3*[newyork_lon]; lats1 = 3*[newyork_lat]
        >>> lons2 = [boston_lon, portland_lon, london_lon]
        >>> lats2 = [boston_lat, portland_lat, london_lat]
        >>> az12,az21,dist = g.inv(lons1,lats1,lons2,lats2)
        >>> for faz, baz, d in list(zip(az12,az21,dist)):
        ...     f"{faz:7.3f} {baz:8.3f} {d:12.3f}"
        ' 54.663 -123.448   288303.720'
        '-65.463   79.342  4013037.318'
        ' 51.254  -71.576  5579916.651'
        >>> g2 = Geod('+ellps=clrk66') # use proj4 style initialization string
        >>> az12,az21,dist = g2.inv(boston_lon,boston_lat,portland_lon,portland_lat)
        >>> f"{az12:.3f} {az21:.3f} {dist:.3f}"
        '-66.531 75.654 4164192.708'
        """
        # if initparams is a proj-type init string,
        # convert to dict.
        ellpsd = {}  # type: Dict[str, Union[str, float]]
        if initstring is not None:
            for kvpair in initstring.split():
                # Actually only +a and +b are needed
                # We can ignore safely any parameter that doesn't have a value
                if kvpair.find("=") == -1:
                    continue
                k, v = kvpair.split("=")
                k = k.lstrip("+")
                if k in ["a", "b", "rf", "f", "es", "e"]:
                    ellpsd[k] = float(v)
                else:
                    ellpsd[k] = v
        # merge this dict with kwargs dict.
        kwargs = dict(list(kwargs.items()) + list(ellpsd.items()))
        sphere = False
        if "ellps" in kwargs:
            # ellipse name given, look up in pj_ellps dict
            ellps_dict = pj_ellps[kwargs["ellps"]]
            a = ellps_dict["a"]  # type: float
            if ellps_dict["description"] == "Normal Sphere":
                sphere = True
            if "b" in ellps_dict:
                b = ellps_dict["b"]  # type: float
                es = 1.0 - (b * b) / (a * a)  # type: float
                f = (a - b) / a  # type: float
            elif "rf" in ellps_dict:
                f = 1.0 / ellps_dict["rf"]
                b = a * (1.0 - f)
                es = 1.0 - (b * b) / (a * a)
        else:
            # a (semi-major axis) and one of
            # b the semi-minor axis
            # rf the reciprocal flattening
            # f flattening
            # es eccentricity squared
            # must be given.
            a = kwargs["a"]
            if "b" in kwargs:
                b = kwargs["b"]
                es = 1.0 - (b * b) / (a * a)
                f = (a - b) / a
            elif "rf" in kwargs:
                f = 1.0 / kwargs["rf"]
                b = a * (1.0 - f)
                es = 1.0 - (b * b) / (a * a)
            elif "f" in kwargs:
                f = kwargs["f"]
                b = a * (1.0 - f)
                es = 1.0 - (b / a) ** 2
            elif "es" in kwargs:
                es = kwargs["es"]
                b = math.sqrt(a ** 2 - es * a ** 2)
                f = (a - b) / a
            elif "e" in kwargs:
                es = kwargs["e"] ** 2
                b = math.sqrt(a ** 2 - es * a ** 2)
                f = (a - b) / a
            else:
                b = a
                f = 0.0
                es = 0.0
                # msg='ellipse name or a, plus one of f,es,b must be given'
                # raise ValueError(msg)
        if math.fabs(f) < 1.0e-8:
            sphere = True

        super().__init__(a, f, sphere, b, es)

    def fwd(
        self, lons: Any, lats: Any, az: Any, dist: Any, radians=False
    ) -> Tuple[Any, Any, Any]:
        """
        Forward transformation

        Determine longitudes, latitudes and back azimuths of terminus
        points given longitudes and latitudes of initial points,
        plus forward azimuths and distances.

        Parameters
        ----------
        lons: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
            Longitude(s) of initial point(s)
        lats: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
            Latitude(s) of initial point(s)
        az: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
            Forward azimuth(s)
        dist: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
            Distance(s) between initial and terminus point(s)
            in meters
        radians: bool, optional
            If True, the input data is assumed to be in radians.

        Returns
        -------
        array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar:
            Longitude(s) of terminus point(s)
        array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar:
            Latitude(s) of terminus point(s)
        array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar:
            Back azimuth(s)
        """
        # process inputs, making copies that support buffer API.
        inx, xisfloat, xislist, xistuple = _copytobuffer(lons)
        iny, yisfloat, yislist, yistuple = _copytobuffer(lats)
        inz, zisfloat, zislist, zistuple = _copytobuffer(az)
        ind, disfloat, dislist, distuple = _copytobuffer(dist)
        self._fwd(inx, iny, inz, ind, radians=radians)
        # if inputs were lists, tuples or floats, convert back.
        outx = _convertback(xisfloat, xislist, xistuple, inx)
        outy = _convertback(yisfloat, yislist, yistuple, iny)
        outz = _convertback(zisfloat, zislist, zistuple, inz)
        return outx, outy, outz

    def inv(
        self, lons1: Any, lats1: Any, lons2: Any, lats2: Any, radians=False
    ) -> Tuple[Any, Any, Any]:
        """
        Inverse transformation

        Determine forward and back azimuths, plus distances
        between initial points and terminus points.

        Parameters
        ----------
        lons1: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
            Longitude(s) of initial point(s)
        lats1: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
            Latitude(s) of initial point(s)
        lons2: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
            Longitude(s) of terminus point(s)
        lats2: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
            Latitude(s) of terminus point(s)
        radians: bool, optional
            If True, the input data is assumed to be in radians.

        Returns
        -------
        array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar:
            Forward azimuth(s)
        array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar:
            Back azimuth(s)
        array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar:
            Distance(s) between initial and terminus point(s)
            in meters
        """
        # process inputs, making copies that support buffer API.
        inx, xisfloat, xislist, xistuple = _copytobuffer(lons1)
        iny, yisfloat, yislist, yistuple = _copytobuffer(lats1)
        inz, zisfloat, zislist, zistuple = _copytobuffer(lons2)
        ind, disfloat, dislist, distuple = _copytobuffer(lats2)
        self._inv(inx, iny, inz, ind, radians=radians)
        # if inputs were lists, tuples or floats, convert back.
        outx = _convertback(xisfloat, xislist, xistuple, inx)
        outy = _convertback(yisfloat, yislist, yistuple, iny)
        outz = _convertback(zisfloat, zislist, zistuple, inz)
        return outx, outy, outz

    def npts(
        self,
        lon1: float,
        lat1: float,
        lon2: float,
        lat2: float,
        npts: int,
        radians: bool = False,
    ) -> List:
        """
        Given a single initial point and terminus point, returns
        a list of longitude/latitude pairs describing npts equally
        spaced intermediate points along the geodesic between the
        initial and terminus points.

        Example usage:

        >>> from pyproj import Geod
        >>> g = Geod(ellps='clrk66') # Use Clarke 1866 ellipsoid.
        >>> # specify the lat/lons of Boston and Portland.
        >>> boston_lat = 42.+(15./60.); boston_lon = -71.-(7./60.)
        >>> portland_lat = 45.+(31./60.); portland_lon = -123.-(41./60.)
        >>> # find ten equally spaced points between Boston and Portland.
        >>> lonlats = g.npts(boston_lon,boston_lat,portland_lon,portland_lat,10)
        >>> for lon,lat in lonlats: f'{lat:.3f} {lon:.3f}'
        '43.528 -75.414'
        '44.637 -79.883'
        '45.565 -84.512'
        '46.299 -89.279'
        '46.830 -94.156'
        '47.149 -99.112'
        '47.251 -104.106'
        '47.136 -109.100'
        '46.805 -114.051'
        '46.262 -118.924'
        >>> # test with radians=True (inputs/outputs in radians, not degrees)
        >>> import math
        >>> dg2rad = math.radians(1.)
        >>> rad2dg = math.degrees(1.)
        >>> lonlats = g.npts(
        ...    dg2rad*boston_lon,
        ...    dg2rad*boston_lat,
        ...    dg2rad*portland_lon,
        ...    dg2rad*portland_lat,
        ...    10,
        ...    radians=True
        ... )
        >>> for lon,lat in lonlats: f'{rad2dg*lat:.3f} {rad2dg*lon:.3f}'
        '43.528 -75.414'
        '44.637 -79.883'
        '45.565 -84.512'
        '46.299 -89.279'
        '46.830 -94.156'
        '47.149 -99.112'
        '47.251 -104.106'
        '47.136 -109.100'
        '46.805 -114.051'
        '46.262 -118.924'

        Parameters
        ----------
        lon1: float
            Longitude of the initial point
        lat1: float
            Latitude of the initial point
        lon2: float
            Longitude of the terminus point
        lat2: float
            Latitude of the terminus point
        npts: int
            Number of points to be returned
        radians: bool, optional
            If True, the input data is assumed to be in radians.

        Returns
        -------
        list of tuples:
            list of (lon, lat) points along the geodesic
            between the initial and terminus points.
        """
        lons, lats = super()._npts(lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2, npts, radians=radians)
        return list(zip(lons, lats))

    def line_length(self, lons: Any, lats: Any, radians: bool = False) -> float:
        """
        .. versionadded:: 2.3.0

        Calculate the total distance between points along a line.

        >>> from pyproj import Geod
        >>> geod = Geod('+a=6378137 +f=0.0033528106647475126')
        >>> lats = [-72.9, -71.9, -74.9, -74.3, -77.5, -77.4, -71.7, -65.9, -65.7,
        ...         -66.6, -66.9, -69.8, -70.0, -71.0, -77.3, -77.9, -74.7]
        >>> lons = [-74, -102, -102, -131, -163, 163, 172, 140, 113,
        ...         88, 59, 25, -4, -14, -33, -46, -61]
        >>> total_length = geod.line_length(lons, lats)
        >>> f"{total_length:.3f}"
        '14259605.611'


        Parameters
        ----------
        lons: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
            The longitude points along a line.
        lats: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
            The latitude points along a line.
        radians: bool, optional
            If True, the input data is assumed to be in radians.

        Returns
        -------
        float:
            The total length of the line.
        """
        # process inputs, making copies that support buffer API.
        inx, xisfloat, xislist, xistuple = _copytobuffer(lons)
        iny, yisfloat, yislist, yistuple = _copytobuffer(lats)
        return self._line_length(inx, iny, radians=radians)

    def line_lengths(self, lons: Any, lats: Any, radians: bool = False) -> Any:
        """
        .. versionadded:: 2.3.0

        Calculate the distances between points along a line.

        >>> from pyproj import Geod
        >>> geod = Geod(ellps="WGS84")
        >>> lats = [-72.9, -71.9, -74.9]
        >>> lons = [-74, -102, -102]
        >>> for line_length in geod.line_lengths(lons, lats):
        ...     f"{line_length:.3f}"
        '943065.744'
        '334805.010'

        Parameters
        ----------
        lons: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
            The longitude points along a line.
        lats: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
            The latitude points along a line.
        radians: bool, optional
            If True, the input data is assumed to be in radians.

        Returns
        -------
        array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar:
            The total length of the line.
        """
        # process inputs, making copies that support buffer API.
        inx, xisfloat, xislist, xistuple = _copytobuffer(lons)
        iny, yisfloat, yislist, yistuple = _copytobuffer(lats)
        self._line_length(inx, iny, radians=radians)
        line_lengths = _convertback(xisfloat, xislist, xistuple, inx)
        return line_lengths if xisfloat else line_lengths[:-1]

    def polygon_area_perimeter(
        self, lons: Any, lats: Any, radians: bool = False
    ) -> Tuple[float, float]:
        """
        .. versionadded:: 2.3.0

        A simple interface for computing the area (meters^2) and perimeter (meters)
        of a geodesic polygon.

        Arbitrarily complex polygons are allowed. In the case self-intersecting
        of polygons the area is accumulated "algebraically", e.g., the areas of
        the 2 loops in a figure-8 polygon will partially cancel. There's no need
        to "close" the polygon by repeating the first vertex. The area returned
        is signed with counter-clockwise traversal being treated as positive.

        .. note:: lats should be in the range [-90 deg, 90 deg].


        Example usage:

        >>> from pyproj import Geod
        >>> geod = Geod('+a=6378137 +f=0.0033528106647475126')
        >>> lats = [-72.9, -71.9, -74.9, -74.3, -77.5, -77.4, -71.7, -65.9, -65.7,
        ...         -66.6, -66.9, -69.8, -70.0, -71.0, -77.3, -77.9, -74.7]
        >>> lons = [-74, -102, -102, -131, -163, 163, 172, 140, 113,
        ...         88, 59, 25, -4, -14, -33, -46, -61]
        >>> poly_area, poly_perimeter = geod.polygon_area_perimeter(lons, lats)
        >>> f"{poly_area:.1f} {poly_perimeter:.1f}"
        '13376856682207.4 14710425.4'


        Parameters
        ----------
        lons: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
            An array of longitude values.
        lats: array, :class:`numpy.ndarray`, list, tuple, or scalar
            An array of latitude values.
        radians: bool, optional
            If True, the input data is assumed to be in radians.

        Returns
        -------
        (float, float):
            The geodesic area (meters^2) and permimeter (meters) of the polygon.
        """
        return self._polygon_area_perimeter(
            _copytobuffer(lons)[0], _copytobuffer(lats)[0], radians=radians
        )

    def geometry_length(self, geometry, radians: bool = False) -> float:
        """
        .. versionadded:: 2.3.0

        Returns the geodesic length (meters) of the shapely geometry.

        If it is a Polygon, it will return the sum of the
        lengths along the perimeter.
        If it is a MultiPolygon or MultiLine, it will return
        the sum of the lengths.

        Example usage:

        >>> from pyproj import Geod
        >>> from shapely.geometry import Point, LineString
        >>> line_string = LineString([Point(1, 2), Point(3, 4)])
        >>> geod = Geod(ellps="WGS84")
        >>> f"{geod.geometry_length(line_string):.3f}"
        '313588.397'

        Parameters
        ----------
        geometry: :class:`shapely.geometry.BaseGeometry`
            The geometry to calculate the length from.
        radians: bool, optional
            If True, the input data is assumed to be in radians.

        Returns
        -------
        float:
            The total geodesic length of the geometry (meters).
        """
        try:
            return self.line_length(*geometry.xy, radians=radians)  # type: ignore
        except (AttributeError, NotImplementedError):
            pass
        if hasattr(geometry, "exterior"):
            return self.geometry_length(geometry.exterior, radians=radians)
        elif hasattr(geometry, "geoms"):
            total_length = 0.0
            for geom in geometry.geoms:
                total_length += self.geometry_length(geom, radians=radians)
            return total_length
        raise GeodError("Invalid geometry provided.")

    def geometry_area_perimeter(
        self, geometry, radians: bool = False
    ) -> Tuple[float, float]:
        """
        .. versionadded:: 2.3.0

        A simple interface for computing the area (meters^2) and perimeter (meters)
        of a geodesic polygon as a shapely geometry.

        Arbitrarily complex polygons are allowed.  In the case self-intersecting
        of polygons the area is accumulated "algebraically", e.g., the areas of
        the 2 loops in a figure-8 polygon will partially cancel.  There's no need
        to "close" the polygon by repeating the first vertex.

        .. note:: lats should be in the range [-90 deg, 90 deg].

        .. warning:: The area returned is signed with counter-clockwise (CCW) traversal
                     being treated as positive. For polygons, holes should use the
                     opposite traversal to the exterior (if the exterior is CCW, the
                     holes/interiors should be CW). You can use `shapely.ops.orient` to
                     modify the orientation.

        If it is a Polygon, it will return the area and exterior perimeter.
        It will subtract the area of the interior holes.
        If it is a MultiPolygon or MultiLine, it will return
        the sum of the areas and perimeters of all geometries.


        Example usage:

        >>> from pyproj import Geod
        >>> from shapely.geometry import LineString, Point, Polygon
        >>> geod = Geod(ellps="WGS84")
        >>> poly_area, poly_perimeter = geod.geometry_area_perimeter(
        ...     Polygon(
        ...         LineString([
        ...             Point(1, 1), Point(10, 1), Point(10, 10), Point(1, 10)
        ...         ]),
        ...         holes=[LineString([Point(1, 2), Point(3, 4), Point(5, 2)])],
        ...     )
        ... )
        >>> f"{poly_area:.3f} {poly_perimeter:.3f}"
        '944373881400.339 3979008.036'


        Parameters
        ----------
        geometry: :class:`shapely.geometry.BaseGeometry`
            The geometry to calculate the area and perimeter from.
        radians: bool, optional
            If True, the input data is assumed to be in radians. Default is degrees.

        Returns
        -------
        (float, float):
            The geodesic area (meters^2) and permimeter (meters) of the polygon.
        """
        try:
            return self.polygon_area_perimeter(  # type: ignore
                *geometry.xy, radians=radians
            )
        except (AttributeError, NotImplementedError):
            pass
        # polygon
        if hasattr(geometry, "exterior"):
            total_area, total_perimeter = self.geometry_area_perimeter(
                geometry.exterior, radians=radians
            )
            # subtract area of holes
            for hole in geometry.interiors:
                area, _ = self.geometry_area_perimeter(hole, radians=radians)
                total_area += area
            return total_area, total_perimeter
        # multi geometries
        elif hasattr(geometry, "geoms"):
            total_area = 0.0
            total_perimeter = 0.0
            for geom in geometry.geoms:
                area, perimeter = self.geometry_area_perimeter(geom, radians=radians)
                total_area += area
                total_perimeter += perimeter
            return total_area, total_perimeter
        raise GeodError("Invalid geometry provided.")

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        # search for ellipse name
        for (ellps, vals) in pj_ellps.items():
            if self.a == vals["a"]:
                b = vals.get("b", None)
                rf = vals.get("rf", None)
                # self.sphere is True when self.f is zero or very close to
                # zero (0), so prevent divide by zero.
                if self.b == b or (not self.sphere and (1.0 / self.f) == rf):
                    return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(ellps={ellps!r})"

        # no ellipse name found, call super class
        return super().__repr__()

    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
        """
        equality operator == for Geod objects

        Example usage:

        >>> from pyproj import Geod
        >>> # Use Clarke 1866 ellipsoid.
        >>> gclrk1 = Geod(ellps='clrk66')
        >>> # Define Clarke 1866 using parameters
        >>> gclrk2 = Geod(a=6378206.4, b=6356583.8)
        >>> gclrk1 == gclrk2
        True
        >>> # WGS 66 ellipsoid, PROJ style
        >>> gwgs66 = Geod('+ellps=WGS66')
        >>> # Naval Weapons Lab., 1965 ellipsoid
        >>> gnwl9d = Geod('+ellps=NWL9D')
        >>> # these ellipsoids are the same
        >>> gnwl9d == gwgs66
        True
        >>> gclrk1 != gnwl9d  # Clarke 1866 is unlike NWL9D
        True
        """
        if not isinstance(other, _Geod):
            return False

        return self.__repr__() == other.__repr__()