import pkg_resources
import sys
import weakref

from pyramid.exceptions import ConfigurationError
from pyramid.path import package_of

class DottedNameResolver(object):
    """ This class resolves dotted name references to 'global' Python
    objects (objects which can be imported) to those objects.

    Two dotted name styles are supported during deserialization:

    - ``pkg_resources``-style dotted names where non-module attributes
      of a package are separated from the rest of the path using a ':'
      e.g. ``package.module:attr``.

    - ``zope.dottedname``-style dotted names where non-module
      attributes of a package are separated from the rest of the path
      using a '.' e.g. ``package.module.attr``.

    These styles can be used interchangeably.  If the serialization
    contains a ``:`` (colon), the ``pkg_resources`` resolution
    mechanism will be chosen, otherwise the ``zope.dottedname``
    resolution mechanism will be chosen.

    The constructor accepts a single argument named ``package`` which
    should be a one of:

    - a Python module or package object

    - A fully qualified (not relative) dotted name to a module or package

    - The value ``None``

    The ``package`` is used when relative dotted names are supplied to
    the resolver's ``resolve`` and ``maybe_resolve`` methods.  A
    dotted name which has a ``.`` (dot) or ``:`` (colon) as its first
    character is treated as relative.

    If the value ``None`` is supplied as the package name, the
    resolver will only be able to resolve fully qualified (not
    relative) names.  Any attempt to resolve a relative name when the
    ``package`` is ``None`` will result in an
    :exc:`pyramid.config.ConfigurationError` exception.

    If a *module* or *module name* (as opposed to a package or package
    name) is supplied as ``package``, its containing package is
    computed and this package used to derive the package name (all
    names are resolved relative to packages, never to modules).  For
    example, if the ``package`` argument to this type was passed the
    string ``xml.dom.expatbuilder``, and ``.mindom`` is supplied to
    the ``resolve`` method, the resulting import would be for
    ``xml.minidom``, because ``xml.dom.expatbuilder`` is a module
    object, not a package object.

    If a *package* or *package name* (as opposed to a module or module
    name) is supplied as ``package``, this package will be used to
    relative compute dotted names.  For example, if the ``package``
    argument to this type was passed the string ``xml.dom``, and
    ``.minidom`` is supplied to the ``resolve`` method, the resulting
    import would be for ``xml.minidom``.

    When a dotted name cannot be resolved, a
    :class:`pyramid.exceptions.ConfigurationError` error is raised.
    """
    def __init__(self, package):
        if package is None:
            self.package_name = None
            self.package = None
        else:
            if isinstance(package, basestring):
                try:
                    __import__(package)
                except ImportError:
                    raise ConfigurationError(
                        'The dotted name %r cannot be imported' % (package,))
                package = sys.modules[package]
            self.package = package_of(package)
            self.package_name = self.package.__name__

    def _pkg_resources_style(self, value):
        """ package.module:attr style """
        if value.startswith('.') or value.startswith(':'):
            if not self.package_name:
                raise ConfigurationError(
                    'relative name %r irresolveable without '
                    'package_name' % (value,))
            if value in ['.', ':']:
                value = self.package_name
            else:
                value = self.package_name + value
        return pkg_resources.EntryPoint.parse(
            'x=%s' % value).load(False)

    def _zope_dottedname_style(self, value):
        """ package.module.attr style """
        module = self.package_name
        if not module:
            module = None
        if value == '.':
            if module is None:
                raise ConfigurationError(
                    'relative name %r irresolveable without package' % (value,)
                )
            name = module.split('.')
        else:
            name = value.split('.')
            if not name[0]:
                if module is None:
                    raise ConfigurationError(
                        'relative name %r irresolveable without '
                        'package' % (value,)
                        )
                module = module.split('.')
                name.pop(0)
                while not name[0]:
                    module.pop()
                    name.pop(0)
                name = module + name

        used = name.pop(0)
        found = __import__(used)
        for n in name:
            used += '.' + n
            try:
                found = getattr(found, n)
            except AttributeError:
                __import__(used)
                found = getattr(found, n) # pragma: no cover

        return found

    def resolve(self, dotted):
        if not isinstance(dotted, basestring):
            raise ConfigurationError('%r is not a string' % (dotted,))
        return self.maybe_resolve(dotted)

    def maybe_resolve(self, dotted):
        if isinstance(dotted, basestring):
            if ':' in dotted:
                return self._pkg_resources_style(dotted)
            else:
                return self._zope_dottedname_style(dotted)
        return dotted

class WeakOrderedSet(object):
    """ Maintain a set of items.

    Each item is stored as a weakref to avoid extending their lifetime.

    The values may be iterated over or the last item added may be
    accessed via the ``last`` property.

    If items are added more than once, the most recent addition will
    be remembered in the order:

        order = WeakOrderedSet()
        order.add('1')
        order.add('2')
        order.add('1')

        list(order) == ['2', '1']
        order.last == '1'
    """

    def __init__(self):
        self._items = {}
        self._order = []

    def add(self, item):
        """ Add an item to the set."""
        oid = id(item)
        if oid in self._items:
            self._order.remove(oid)
            self._order.append(oid)
            return
        ref = weakref.ref(item, lambda x: self.remove(item))
        self._items[oid] = ref
        self._order.append(oid)

    def remove(self, item):
        """ Remove an item from the set."""
        oid = id(item)
        if oid in self._items:
            del self._items[oid]
            self._order.remove(oid)

    def empty(self):
        """ Clear all objects from the set."""
        self._items = {}
        self._order = []

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self._order)

    def __contains__(self, item):
        oid = id(item)
        return oid in self._items

    def __iter__(self):
        return (self._items[oid]() for oid in self._order)

    @property
    def last(self):
        if self._order:
            oid = self._order[-1]
            return self._items[oid]()

def strings_differ(string1, string2):
    """Check whether two strings differ while avoiding timing attacks.

    This function returns True if the given strings differ and False
    if they are equal.  It's careful not to leak information about *where*
    they differ as a result of its running time, which can be very important
    to avoid certain timing-related crypto attacks:

        http://seb.dbzteam.org/crypto/python-oauth-timing-hmac.pdf

    """
    if len(string1) != len(string2):
        return True

    invalid_bits = 0
    for a, b in zip(string1, string2):
        invalid_bits += a != b

    return invalid_bits != 0