"""
==============================================
Rotating HMI maps so they're not 'upside-down'
==============================================

This example shows how to rotate a HMI magnetogram, so when you plot it
it appears with solar North pointing up.
"""
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import sunpy.map
from sunpy.data.sample import HMI_LOS_IMAGE

###############################################################################
# We will use the ``sunpy`` HMI sample image, load it into a map and plot it.
# We see that solar North is pointed down instead of up in this image, which is
# indicated by the coordinates (that range from positive to negative, rather
# than negative to positive).

hmi_map = sunpy.map.Map(HMI_LOS_IMAGE)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(projection=hmi_map)
hmi_map.plot(axes=ax)

plt.show()

###############################################################################
# Now rotate the image such that solar North is pointed up.
# We have to do this because the HMI instrument is mounted upside-down
# relative to the AIA instrument on the SDO satellite, which means most
# of the images are taken with solar North pointed down.
# The roll angle of the instrument is reported in the FITS header
# keyword ``CROTA2`` (see Figure 17 of :cite:t:`couvidat_hmi_2016`
# which states that "the nominal CROTA2 for HMI is ≈179.93").
#
# The order keyword, below, specifies the type of interpolation;
# in this case, 3 refers to bi-cubic.

hmi_rotated = hmi_map.rotate(order=3)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(projection=hmi_rotated)
hmi_rotated.plot(axes=ax)

plt.show()