Standard Hooks
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The following is a list of some hook variables that let you provide functions to be called from within Emacs on suitable occasions.

Most of these variables have names ending with -hook.  They are normal hooks, run by means of run-hooks.  The value of such a hook is a list of functions; the functions are called with no arguments and their values are completely ignored.  The recommended way to put a new function on such a hook is to call add-hook. See Hooks, for more information about using hooks.

The variables whose names end in -functions are usually abnormal hooks (some old code may also use the deprecated -hooks suffix); their values are lists of functions, but these functions are called in a special way (they are passed arguments, or their return values are used).  The variables whose names end in -function have single functions as their values.

This is not an exhaustive list, it only covers the more general hooks. For example, every major mode defines a hook named MODENAME-mode-hook.  The major mode command runs this normal hook with run-mode-hooks as the very last thing it does. See Mode Hooks.  Most minor modes have mode hooks too.

A special feature allows you to specify expressions to evaluate if and when a file is loaded (see Hooks for Loading).  That feature is not exactly a hook, but does a similar job.

activate-mark-hook
deactivate-mark-hook
     See The Mark.

after-change-functions
before-change-functions
first-change-hook
     See Change Hooks.

after-change-major-mode-hook
change-major-mode-after-body-hook
     See Mode Hooks.

after-init-hook
before-init-hook
emacs-startup-hook
window-setup-hook
     See Init File.

after-insert-file-functions
write-region-annotate-functions
write-region-post-annotation-function
     See Format Conversion.

after-make-frame-functions
before-make-frame-hook
server-after-make-frame-hook
     See Creating Frames.

after-save-hook
before-save-hook
write-contents-functions
write-file-functions
     See Saving Buffers.

after-setting-font-hook
     Hook run after a frame's font changes.

auto-save-hook
     See Auto-Saving.

before-hack-local-variables-hook
hack-local-variables-hook
     See File Local Variables.

buffer-access-fontify-functions
     See Lazy Properties.

buffer-list-update-hook
     Hook run when the buffer list changes (see Buffer List).

buffer-quit-function
     Function to call to quit the current buffer.

change-major-mode-hook
     See Creating Buffer-Local.

comint-password-function
     This abnormal hook permits a derived mode to supply a password for the underlying command interpreter without prompting the user.

command-line-functions
     See Command-Line Arguments.

delayed-warnings-hook
     The command loop runs this soon after post-command-hook (q.v.).

focus-in-hook
focus-out-hook
     See Input Focus.

delete-frame-functions
after-delete-frame-functions
     See Deleting Frames.

delete-terminal-functions
     See Multiple Terminals.

pop-up-frame-function
split-window-preferred-function
     See Choosing Window Options.

echo-area-clear-hook
     See Echo Area Customization.

find-file-hook
find-file-not-found-functions
     See Visiting Functions.

font-lock-extend-after-change-region-function
     See Region to Refontify.

font-lock-extend-region-functions
     See Multiline Font Lock.

font-lock-fontify-buffer-function
font-lock-fontify-region-function
font-lock-mark-block-function
font-lock-unfontify-buffer-function
font-lock-unfontify-region-function
     See Other Font Lock Variables.

fontification-functions
     See Automatic Face Assignment.

frame-auto-hide-function
     See Quitting Windows.

quit-window-hook
     See Quitting Windows.

kill-buffer-hook
kill-buffer-query-functions
     See Killing Buffers.

kill-emacs-hook
kill-emacs-query-functions
     See Killing Emacs.

menu-bar-update-hook
     See Menu Bar.

minibuffer-setup-hook
minibuffer-exit-hook
     See Minibuffer Misc.

mouse-leave-buffer-hook
     Hook run when about to switch windows with a mouse command.

mouse-position-function
     See Mouse Position.

prefix-command-echo-keystrokes-functions
     An abnormal hook run by prefix commands (such as C-u) which should return a string describing the current prefix state.  For example, C-u produces C-u- and C-u 1 2 3-.  Each hook function is called with no arguments and should return a string describing the current prefix state, or nil if there's no prefix state.  See Prefix Command Arguments.

prefix-command-preserve-state-hook
     Hook run when a prefix command needs to preserve the prefix by passing the current prefix command state to the next command.  For example, C-u needs to pass the state to the next command when the user types C-u - or follows C-u with a digit.

pre-redisplay-functions
     Hook run in each window just before redisplaying it.  See Forcing Redisplay.

post-command-hook
pre-command-hook
     See Command Overview.

post-gc-hook
     See Garbage Collection.

post-self-insert-hook
     See Keymaps and Minor Modes.

suspend-hook
suspend-resume-hook
suspend-tty-functions
resume-tty-functions
     See Suspending Emacs.

syntax-begin-function
syntax-propertize-extend-region-functions
syntax-propertize-function
font-lock-syntactic-face-function
     See Syntactic Font Lock.  See Syntax Properties.

temp-buffer-setup-hook
temp-buffer-show-function
temp-buffer-show-hook
     See Temporary Displays.

tty-setup-hook
     See Terminal-Specific.

window-configuration-change-hook
window-scroll-functions
window-size-change-functions
     See Window Hooks.