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#!/bin/bash
# stack.sh: push-down stack simulation
# Similar to the CPU stack, a push-down stack stores data items
#+ sequentially, but releases them in reverse order, last-in first-out.
BP=100 # Base Pointer of stack array.
# Begin at element 100.
SP=$BP # Stack Pointer.
# Initialize it to "base" (bottom) of stack.
Data= # Contents of stack location.
# Must use global variable,
#+ because of limitation on function return range.
# 100 Base pointer <-- Base Pointer
# 99 First data item
# 98 Second data item
# ... More data
# Last data item <-- Stack pointer
declare -a stack
push() # Push item on stack.
{
if [ -z "$1" ] # Nothing to push?
then
return
fi
let "SP -= 1" # Bump stack pointer.
stack[$SP]=$1
return
}
pop() # Pop item off stack.
{
Data= # Empty out data item.
if [ "$SP" -eq "$BP" ] # Stack empty?
then
return
fi # This also keeps SP from getting past 100,
#+ i.e., prevents a runaway stack.
Data=${stack[$SP]}
let "SP += 1" # Bump stack pointer.
return
}
status_report() # Find out what's happening.
{
echo "-------------------------------------"
echo "REPORT"
echo "Stack Pointer = $SP"
echo "Just popped \""$Data"\" off the stack."
echo "-------------------------------------"
echo
}
# =======================================================
# Now, for some fun.
echo
# See if you can pop anything off empty stack.
pop
status_report
echo
push garbage
pop
status_report # Garbage in, garbage out.
value1=23; push $value1
value2=skidoo; push $value2
value3=LAST; push $value3
pop # LAST
status_report
pop # skidoo
status_report
pop # 23
status_report # Last-in, first-out!
# Notice how the stack pointer decrements with each push,
#+ and increments with each pop.
echo
exit 0
# =======================================================
# Exercises:
# ---------
# 1) Modify the "push()" function to permit pushing
# + multiple element on the stack with a single function call.
# 2) Modify the "pop()" function to permit popping
# + multiple element from the stack with a single function call.
# 3) Add error checking to the critical functions.
# That is, return an error code, depending on
# + successful or unsuccessful completion of the operation,
# + and take appropriate action.
# 4) Using this script as a starting point,
# + write a stack-based 4-function calculator.
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