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>Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide: An in-depth exploration of the art of shell scripting</TH
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><A
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>Appendix M. Sample <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.bashrc</TT
>  and
	    <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.bash_profile</TT
> Files</H1
><P
>The <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>~/.bashrc</TT
> file determines the
       behavior of interactive shells. A good look at this file can
       lead to a better understanding of Bash.</P
><P
><A
HREF="mailto:emmanuel.rouat@wanadoo.fr"
TARGET="_top"
>Emmanuel
        Rouat</A
> contributed the following very elaborate
        <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.bashrc</TT
> file, written for a Linux system.
        He welcomes reader feedback on it.</P
><P
>Study the file carefully, and feel free to reuse code
        snippets and functions from it in your own
        <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.bashrc</TT
> file or even in your scripts.</P
><DIV
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><HR><A
NAME="BASHRC"
></A
><P
><B
>Example M-1. Sample <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.bashrc</TT
> file</B
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CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>   1&nbsp;# =============================================================== #
   2&nbsp;#
   3&nbsp;# PERSONAL $HOME/.bashrc FILE for bash-3.0 (or later)
   4&nbsp;# By Emmanuel Rouat [no-email]
   5&nbsp;#
   6&nbsp;# Last modified: Tue Nov 20 22:04:47 CET 2012
   7&nbsp;
   8&nbsp;#  This file is normally read by interactive shells only.
   9&nbsp;#+ Here is the place to define your aliases, functions and
  10&nbsp;#+ other interactive features like your prompt.
  11&nbsp;#
  12&nbsp;#  The majority of the code here assumes you are on a GNU
  13&nbsp;#+ system (most likely a Linux box) and is often based on code
  14&nbsp;#+ found on Usenet or Internet.
  15&nbsp;#
  16&nbsp;#  See for instance:
  17&nbsp;#  http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/index.html
  18&nbsp;#  http://www.caliban.org/bash
  19&nbsp;#  http://www.shelldorado.com/scripts/categories.html
  20&nbsp;#  http://www.dotfiles.org
  21&nbsp;#
  22&nbsp;#  The choice of colors was done for a shell with a dark background
  23&nbsp;#+ (white on black), and this is usually also suited for pure text-mode
  24&nbsp;#+ consoles (no X server available). If you use a white background,
  25&nbsp;#+ you'll have to do some other choices for readability.
  26&nbsp;#
  27&nbsp;#  This bashrc file is a bit overcrowded.
  28&nbsp;#  Remember, it is just just an example.
  29&nbsp;#  Tailor it to your needs.
  30&nbsp;#
  31&nbsp;# =============================================================== #
  32&nbsp;
  33&nbsp;# --&#62; Comments added by HOWTO author.
  34&nbsp;
  35&nbsp;# If not running interactively, don't do anything
  36&nbsp;[ -z "$PS1" ] &#38;&#38; return
  37&nbsp;
  38&nbsp;
  39&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
  40&nbsp;# Source global definitions (if any)
  41&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
  42&nbsp;
  43&nbsp;
  44&nbsp;if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
  45&nbsp;      . /etc/bashrc   # --&#62; Read /etc/bashrc, if present.
  46&nbsp;fi
  47&nbsp;
  48&nbsp;
  49&nbsp;#--------------------------------------------------------------
  50&nbsp;#  Automatic setting of $DISPLAY (if not set already).
  51&nbsp;#  This works for me - your mileage may vary. . . .
  52&nbsp;#  The problem is that different types of terminals give
  53&nbsp;#+ different answers to 'who am i' (rxvt in particular can be
  54&nbsp;#+ troublesome) - however this code seems to work in a majority
  55&nbsp;#+ of cases.
  56&nbsp;#--------------------------------------------------------------
  57&nbsp;
  58&nbsp;function get_xserver ()
  59&nbsp;{
  60&nbsp;    case $TERM in
  61&nbsp;        xterm )
  62&nbsp;            XSERVER=$(who am i | awk '{print $NF}' | tr -d ')''(' )
  63&nbsp;            # Ane-Pieter Wieringa suggests the following alternative:
  64&nbsp;            #  I_AM=$(who am i)
  65&nbsp;            #  SERVER=${I_AM#*(}
  66&nbsp;            #  SERVER=${SERVER%*)}
  67&nbsp;            XSERVER=${XSERVER%%:*}
  68&nbsp;            ;;
  69&nbsp;            aterm | rxvt)
  70&nbsp;            # Find some code that works here. ...
  71&nbsp;            ;;
  72&nbsp;    esac
  73&nbsp;}
  74&nbsp;
  75&nbsp;if [ -z ${DISPLAY:=""} ]; then
  76&nbsp;    get_xserver
  77&nbsp;    if [[ -z ${XSERVER}  || ${XSERVER} == $(hostname) ||
  78&nbsp;       ${XSERVER} == "unix" ]]; then
  79&nbsp;          DISPLAY=":0.0"          # Display on local host.
  80&nbsp;    else
  81&nbsp;       DISPLAY=${XSERVER}:0.0     # Display on remote host.
  82&nbsp;    fi
  83&nbsp;fi
  84&nbsp;
  85&nbsp;export DISPLAY
  86&nbsp;
  87&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
  88&nbsp;# Some settings
  89&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
  90&nbsp;
  91&nbsp;#set -o nounset     # These  two options are useful for debugging.
  92&nbsp;#set -o xtrace
  93&nbsp;alias debug="set -o nounset; set -o xtrace"
  94&nbsp;
  95&nbsp;ulimit -S -c 0      # Don't want coredumps.
  96&nbsp;set -o notify
  97&nbsp;set -o noclobber
  98&nbsp;set -o ignoreeof
  99&nbsp;
 100&nbsp;
 101&nbsp;# Enable options:
 102&nbsp;shopt -s cdspell
 103&nbsp;shopt -s cdable_vars
 104&nbsp;shopt -s checkhash
 105&nbsp;shopt -s checkwinsize
 106&nbsp;shopt -s sourcepath
 107&nbsp;shopt -s no_empty_cmd_completion
 108&nbsp;shopt -s cmdhist
 109&nbsp;shopt -s histappend histreedit histverify
 110&nbsp;shopt -s extglob       # Necessary for programmable completion.
 111&nbsp;
 112&nbsp;# Disable options:
 113&nbsp;shopt -u mailwarn
 114&nbsp;unset MAILCHECK        # Don't want my shell to warn me of incoming mail.
 115&nbsp;
 116&nbsp;
 117&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
 118&nbsp;# Greeting, motd etc. ...
 119&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
 120&nbsp;
 121&nbsp;# Color definitions (taken from Color Bash Prompt HowTo).
 122&nbsp;# Some colors might look different of some terminals.
 123&nbsp;# For example, I see 'Bold Red' as 'orange' on my screen,
 124&nbsp;# hence the 'Green' 'BRed' 'Red' sequence I often use in my prompt.
 125&nbsp;
 126&nbsp;
 127&nbsp;# Normal Colors
 128&nbsp;Black='\e[0;30m'        # Black
 129&nbsp;Red='\e[0;31m'          # Red
 130&nbsp;Green='\e[0;32m'        # Green
 131&nbsp;Yellow='\e[0;33m'       # Yellow
 132&nbsp;Blue='\e[0;34m'         # Blue
 133&nbsp;Purple='\e[0;35m'       # Purple
 134&nbsp;Cyan='\e[0;36m'         # Cyan
 135&nbsp;White='\e[0;37m'        # White
 136&nbsp;
 137&nbsp;# Bold
 138&nbsp;BBlack='\e[1;30m'       # Black
 139&nbsp;BRed='\e[1;31m'         # Red
 140&nbsp;BGreen='\e[1;32m'       # Green
 141&nbsp;BYellow='\e[1;33m'      # Yellow
 142&nbsp;BBlue='\e[1;34m'        # Blue
 143&nbsp;BPurple='\e[1;35m'      # Purple
 144&nbsp;BCyan='\e[1;36m'        # Cyan
 145&nbsp;BWhite='\e[1;37m'       # White
 146&nbsp;
 147&nbsp;# Background
 148&nbsp;On_Black='\e[40m'       # Black
 149&nbsp;On_Red='\e[41m'         # Red
 150&nbsp;On_Green='\e[42m'       # Green
 151&nbsp;On_Yellow='\e[43m'      # Yellow
 152&nbsp;On_Blue='\e[44m'        # Blue
 153&nbsp;On_Purple='\e[45m'      # Purple
 154&nbsp;On_Cyan='\e[46m'        # Cyan
 155&nbsp;On_White='\e[47m'       # White
 156&nbsp;
 157&nbsp;NC="\e[m"               # Color Reset
 158&nbsp;
 159&nbsp;
 160&nbsp;ALERT=${BWhite}${On_Red} # Bold White on red background
 161&nbsp;
 162&nbsp;
 163&nbsp;
 164&nbsp;echo -e "${BCyan}This is BASH ${BRed}${BASH_VERSION%.*}${BCyan}\
 165&nbsp;- DISPLAY on ${BRed}$DISPLAY${NC}\n"
 166&nbsp;date
 167&nbsp;if [ -x /usr/games/fortune ]; then
 168&nbsp;    /usr/games/fortune -s     # Makes our day a bit more fun.... :-)
 169&nbsp;fi
 170&nbsp;
 171&nbsp;function _exit()              # Function to run upon exit of shell.
 172&nbsp;{
 173&nbsp;    echo -e "${BRed}Hasta la vista, baby${NC}"
 174&nbsp;}
 175&nbsp;trap _exit EXIT
 176&nbsp;
 177&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
 178&nbsp;# Shell Prompt - for many examples, see:
 179&nbsp;#       http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/205
 180&nbsp;#       http://www.askapache.com/linux/bash-power-prompt.html
 181&nbsp;#       http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Bash-Prompt-HOWTO
 182&nbsp;#       https://github.com/nojhan/liquidprompt
 183&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
 184&nbsp;# Current Format: [TIME USER@HOST PWD] &#62;
 185&nbsp;# TIME:
 186&nbsp;#    Green     == machine load is low
 187&nbsp;#    Orange    == machine load is medium
 188&nbsp;#    Red       == machine load is high
 189&nbsp;#    ALERT     == machine load is very high
 190&nbsp;# USER:
 191&nbsp;#    Cyan      == normal user
 192&nbsp;#    Orange    == SU to user
 193&nbsp;#    Red       == root
 194&nbsp;# HOST:
 195&nbsp;#    Cyan      == local session
 196&nbsp;#    Green     == secured remote connection (via ssh)
 197&nbsp;#    Red       == unsecured remote connection
 198&nbsp;# PWD:
 199&nbsp;#    Green     == more than 10% free disk space
 200&nbsp;#    Orange    == less than 10% free disk space
 201&nbsp;#    ALERT     == less than 5% free disk space
 202&nbsp;#    Red       == current user does not have write privileges
 203&nbsp;#    Cyan      == current filesystem is size zero (like /proc)
 204&nbsp;# &#62;:
 205&nbsp;#    White     == no background or suspended jobs in this shell
 206&nbsp;#    Cyan      == at least one background job in this shell
 207&nbsp;#    Orange    == at least one suspended job in this shell
 208&nbsp;#
 209&nbsp;#    Command is added to the history file each time you hit enter,
 210&nbsp;#    so it's available to all shells (using 'history -a').
 211&nbsp;
 212&nbsp;
 213&nbsp;# Test connection type:
 214&nbsp;if [ -n "${SSH_CONNECTION}" ]; then
 215&nbsp;    CNX=${Green}        # Connected on remote machine, via ssh (good).
 216&nbsp;elif [[ "${DISPLAY%%:0*}" != "" ]]; then
 217&nbsp;    CNX=${ALERT}        # Connected on remote machine, not via ssh (bad).
 218&nbsp;else
 219&nbsp;    CNX=${BCyan}        # Connected on local machine.
 220&nbsp;fi
 221&nbsp;
 222&nbsp;# Test user type:
 223&nbsp;if [[ ${USER} == "root" ]]; then
 224&nbsp;    SU=${Red}           # User is root.
 225&nbsp;elif [[ ${USER} != $(logname) ]]; then
 226&nbsp;    SU=${BRed}          # User is not login user.
 227&nbsp;else
 228&nbsp;    SU=${BCyan}         # User is normal (well ... most of us are).
 229&nbsp;fi
 230&nbsp;
 231&nbsp;
 232&nbsp;
 233&nbsp;NCPU=$(grep -c 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo)    # Number of CPUs
 234&nbsp;SLOAD=$(( 100*${NCPU} ))        # Small load
 235&nbsp;MLOAD=$(( 200*${NCPU} ))        # Medium load
 236&nbsp;XLOAD=$(( 400*${NCPU} ))        # Xlarge load
 237&nbsp;
 238&nbsp;# Returns system load as percentage, i.e., '40' rather than '0.40)'.
 239&nbsp;function load()
 240&nbsp;{
 241&nbsp;    local SYSLOAD=$(cut -d " " -f1 /proc/loadavg | tr -d '.')
 242&nbsp;    # System load of the current host.
 243&nbsp;    echo $((10#$SYSLOAD))       # Convert to decimal.
 244&nbsp;}
 245&nbsp;
 246&nbsp;# Returns a color indicating system load.
 247&nbsp;function load_color()
 248&nbsp;{
 249&nbsp;    local SYSLOAD=$(load)
 250&nbsp;    if [ ${SYSLOAD} -gt ${XLOAD} ]; then
 251&nbsp;        echo -en ${ALERT}
 252&nbsp;    elif [ ${SYSLOAD} -gt ${MLOAD} ]; then
 253&nbsp;        echo -en ${Red}
 254&nbsp;    elif [ ${SYSLOAD} -gt ${SLOAD} ]; then
 255&nbsp;        echo -en ${BRed}
 256&nbsp;    else
 257&nbsp;        echo -en ${Green}
 258&nbsp;    fi
 259&nbsp;}
 260&nbsp;
 261&nbsp;# Returns a color according to free disk space in $PWD.
 262&nbsp;function disk_color()
 263&nbsp;{
 264&nbsp;    if [ ! -w "${PWD}" ] ; then
 265&nbsp;        echo -en ${Red}
 266&nbsp;        # No 'write' privilege in the current directory.
 267&nbsp;    elif [ -s "${PWD}" ] ; then
 268&nbsp;        local used=$(command df -P "$PWD" |
 269&nbsp;                   awk 'END {print $5} {sub(/%/,"")}')
 270&nbsp;        if [ ${used} -gt 95 ]; then
 271&nbsp;            echo -en ${ALERT}           # Disk almost full (&#62;95%).
 272&nbsp;        elif [ ${used} -gt 90 ]; then
 273&nbsp;            echo -en ${BRed}            # Free disk space almost gone.
 274&nbsp;        else
 275&nbsp;            echo -en ${Green}           # Free disk space is ok.
 276&nbsp;        fi
 277&nbsp;    else
 278&nbsp;        echo -en ${Cyan}
 279&nbsp;        # Current directory is size '0' (like /proc, /sys etc).
 280&nbsp;    fi
 281&nbsp;}
 282&nbsp;
 283&nbsp;# Returns a color according to running/suspended jobs.
 284&nbsp;function job_color()
 285&nbsp;{
 286&nbsp;    if [ $(jobs -s | wc -l) -gt "0" ]; then
 287&nbsp;        echo -en ${BRed}
 288&nbsp;    elif [ $(jobs -r | wc -l) -gt "0" ] ; then
 289&nbsp;        echo -en ${BCyan}
 290&nbsp;    fi
 291&nbsp;}
 292&nbsp;
 293&nbsp;# Adds some text in the terminal frame (if applicable).
 294&nbsp;
 295&nbsp;
 296&nbsp;# Now we construct the prompt.
 297&nbsp;PROMPT_COMMAND="history -a"
 298&nbsp;case ${TERM} in
 299&nbsp;  *term | rxvt | linux)
 300&nbsp;        PS1="\[\$(load_color)\][\A\[${NC}\] "
 301&nbsp;        # Time of day (with load info):
 302&nbsp;        PS1="\[\$(load_color)\][\A\[${NC}\] "
 303&nbsp;        # User@Host (with connection type info):
 304&nbsp;        PS1=${PS1}"\[${SU}\]\u\[${NC}\]@\[${CNX}\]\h\[${NC}\] "
 305&nbsp;        # PWD (with 'disk space' info):
 306&nbsp;        PS1=${PS1}"\[\$(disk_color)\]\W]\[${NC}\] "
 307&nbsp;        # Prompt (with 'job' info):
 308&nbsp;        PS1=${PS1}"\[\$(job_color)\]&#62;\[${NC}\] "
 309&nbsp;        # Set title of current xterm:
 310&nbsp;        PS1=${PS1}"\[\e]0;[\u@\h] \w\a\]"
 311&nbsp;        ;;
 312&nbsp;    *)
 313&nbsp;        PS1="(\A \u@\h \W) &#62; " # --&#62; PS1="(\A \u@\h \w) &#62; "
 314&nbsp;                               # --&#62; Shows full pathname of current dir.
 315&nbsp;        ;;
 316&nbsp;esac
 317&nbsp;
 318&nbsp;
 319&nbsp;
 320&nbsp;export TIMEFORMAT=$'\nreal %3R\tuser %3U\tsys %3S\tpcpu %P\n'
 321&nbsp;export HISTIGNORE="&#38;:bg:fg:ll:h"
 322&nbsp;export HISTTIMEFORMAT="$(echo -e ${BCyan})[%d/%m %H:%M:%S]$(echo -e ${NC}) "
 323&nbsp;export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
 324&nbsp;export HOSTFILE=$HOME/.hosts    # Put a list of remote hosts in ~/.hosts
 325&nbsp;
 326&nbsp;
 327&nbsp;#============================================================
 328&nbsp;#
 329&nbsp;#  ALIASES AND FUNCTIONS
 330&nbsp;#
 331&nbsp;#  Arguably, some functions defined here are quite big.
 332&nbsp;#  If you want to make this file smaller, these functions can
 333&nbsp;#+ be converted into scripts and removed from here.
 334&nbsp;#
 335&nbsp;#============================================================
 336&nbsp;
 337&nbsp;#-------------------
 338&nbsp;# Personnal Aliases
 339&nbsp;#-------------------
 340&nbsp;
 341&nbsp;alias rm='rm -i'
 342&nbsp;alias cp='cp -i'
 343&nbsp;alias mv='mv -i'
 344&nbsp;# -&#62; Prevents accidentally clobbering files.
 345&nbsp;alias mkdir='mkdir -p'
 346&nbsp;
 347&nbsp;alias h='history'
 348&nbsp;alias j='jobs -l'
 349&nbsp;alias which='type -a'
 350&nbsp;alias ..='cd ..'
 351&nbsp;
 352&nbsp;# Pretty-print of some PATH variables:
 353&nbsp;alias path='echo -e ${PATH//:/\\n}'
 354&nbsp;alias libpath='echo -e ${LD_LIBRARY_PATH//:/\\n}'
 355&nbsp;
 356&nbsp;
 357&nbsp;alias du='du -kh'    # Makes a more readable output.
 358&nbsp;alias df='df -kTh'
 359&nbsp;
 360&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
 361&nbsp;# The 'ls' family (this assumes you use a recent GNU ls).
 362&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
 363&nbsp;# Add colors for filetype and  human-readable sizes by default on 'ls':
 364&nbsp;alias ls='ls -h --color'
 365&nbsp;alias lx='ls -lXB'         #  Sort by extension.
 366&nbsp;alias lk='ls -lSr'         #  Sort by size, biggest last.
 367&nbsp;alias lt='ls -ltr'         #  Sort by date, most recent last.
 368&nbsp;alias lc='ls -ltcr'        #  Sort by/show change time,most recent last.
 369&nbsp;alias lu='ls -ltur'        #  Sort by/show access time,most recent last.
 370&nbsp;
 371&nbsp;# The ubiquitous 'll': directories first, with alphanumeric sorting:
 372&nbsp;alias ll="ls -lv --group-directories-first"
 373&nbsp;alias lm='ll |more'        #  Pipe through 'more'
 374&nbsp;alias lr='ll -R'           #  Recursive ls.
 375&nbsp;alias la='ll -A'           #  Show hidden files.
 376&nbsp;alias tree='tree -Csuh'    #  Nice alternative to 'recursive ls' ...
 377&nbsp;
 378&nbsp;
 379&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
 380&nbsp;# Tailoring 'less'
 381&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
 382&nbsp;
 383&nbsp;alias more='less'
 384&nbsp;export PAGER=less
 385&nbsp;export LESSCHARSET='latin1'
 386&nbsp;export LESSOPEN='|/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s 2&#62;&#38;-'
 387&nbsp;                # Use this if lesspipe.sh exists.
 388&nbsp;export LESS='-i -N -w  -z-4 -g -e -M -X -F -R -P%t?f%f \
 389&nbsp;:stdin .?pb%pb\%:?lbLine %lb:?bbByte %bb:-...'
 390&nbsp;
 391&nbsp;# LESS man page colors (makes Man pages more readable).
 392&nbsp;export LESS_TERMCAP_mb=$'\E[01;31m'
 393&nbsp;export LESS_TERMCAP_md=$'\E[01;31m'
 394&nbsp;export LESS_TERMCAP_me=$'\E[0m'
 395&nbsp;export LESS_TERMCAP_se=$'\E[0m'
 396&nbsp;export LESS_TERMCAP_so=$'\E[01;44;33m'
 397&nbsp;export LESS_TERMCAP_ue=$'\E[0m'
 398&nbsp;export LESS_TERMCAP_us=$'\E[01;32m'
 399&nbsp;
 400&nbsp;
 401&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
 402&nbsp;# Spelling typos - highly personnal and keyboard-dependent :-)
 403&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
 404&nbsp;
 405&nbsp;alias xs='cd'
 406&nbsp;alias vf='cd'
 407&nbsp;alias moer='more'
 408&nbsp;alias moew='more'
 409&nbsp;alias kk='ll'
 410&nbsp;
 411&nbsp;
 412&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
 413&nbsp;# A few fun ones
 414&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
 415&nbsp;
 416&nbsp;# Adds some text in the terminal frame (if applicable).
 417&nbsp;
 418&nbsp;function xtitle()
 419&nbsp;{
 420&nbsp;    case "$TERM" in
 421&nbsp;    *term* | rxvt)
 422&nbsp;        echo -en  "\e]0;$*\a" ;;
 423&nbsp;    *)  ;;
 424&nbsp;    esac
 425&nbsp;}
 426&nbsp;
 427&nbsp;
 428&nbsp;# Aliases that use xtitle
 429&nbsp;alias top='xtitle Processes on $HOST &#38;&#38; top'
 430&nbsp;alias make='xtitle Making $(basename $PWD) ; make'
 431&nbsp;
 432&nbsp;# .. and functions
 433&nbsp;function man()
 434&nbsp;{
 435&nbsp;    for i ; do
 436&nbsp;        xtitle The $(basename $1|tr -d .[:digit:]) manual
 437&nbsp;        command man -a "$i"
 438&nbsp;    done
 439&nbsp;}
 440&nbsp;
 441&nbsp;
 442&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
 443&nbsp;# Make the following commands run in background automatically:
 444&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
 445&nbsp;
 446&nbsp;function te()  # wrapper around xemacs/gnuserv
 447&nbsp;{
 448&nbsp;    if [ "$(gnuclient -batch -eval t 2&#62;&#38;-)" == "t" ]; then
 449&nbsp;       gnuclient -q "$@";
 450&nbsp;    else
 451&nbsp;       ( xemacs "$@" &#38;);
 452&nbsp;    fi
 453&nbsp;}
 454&nbsp;
 455&nbsp;function soffice() { command soffice "$@" &#38; }
 456&nbsp;function firefox() { command firefox "$@" &#38; }
 457&nbsp;function xpdf() { command xpdf "$@" &#38; }
 458&nbsp;
 459&nbsp;
 460&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
 461&nbsp;# File &#38; strings related functions:
 462&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
 463&nbsp;
 464&nbsp;
 465&nbsp;# Find a file with a pattern in name:
 466&nbsp;function ff() { find . -type f -iname '*'"$*"'*' -ls ; }
 467&nbsp;
 468&nbsp;# Find a file with pattern $1 in name and Execute $2 on it:
 469&nbsp;function fe() { find . -type f -iname '*'"${1:-}"'*' \
 470&nbsp;-exec ${2:-file} {} \;  ; }
 471&nbsp;
 472&nbsp;#  Find a pattern in a set of files and highlight them:
 473&nbsp;#+ (needs a recent version of egrep).
 474&nbsp;function fstr()
 475&nbsp;{
 476&nbsp;    OPTIND=1
 477&nbsp;    local mycase=""
 478&nbsp;    local usage="fstr: find string in files.
 479&nbsp;Usage: fstr [-i] \"pattern\" [\"filename pattern\"] "
 480&nbsp;    while getopts :it opt
 481&nbsp;    do
 482&nbsp;        case "$opt" in
 483&nbsp;           i) mycase="-i " ;;
 484&nbsp;           *) echo "$usage"; return ;;
 485&nbsp;        esac
 486&nbsp;    done
 487&nbsp;    shift $(( $OPTIND - 1 ))
 488&nbsp;    if [ "$#" -lt 1 ]; then
 489&nbsp;        echo "$usage"
 490&nbsp;        return;
 491&nbsp;    fi
 492&nbsp;    find . -type f -name "${2:-*}" -print0 | \
 493&nbsp;xargs -0 egrep --color=always -sn ${case} "$1" 2&#62;&#38;- | more
 494&nbsp;
 495&nbsp;}
 496&nbsp;
 497&nbsp;
 498&nbsp;function swap()
 499&nbsp;{ # Swap 2 filenames around, if they exist (from Uzi's bashrc).
 500&nbsp;    local TMPFILE=tmp.$$
 501&nbsp;
 502&nbsp;    [ $# -ne 2 ] &#38;&#38; echo "swap: 2 arguments needed" &#38;&#38; return 1
 503&nbsp;    [ ! -e $1 ] &#38;&#38; echo "swap: $1 does not exist" &#38;&#38; return 1
 504&nbsp;    [ ! -e $2 ] &#38;&#38; echo "swap: $2 does not exist" &#38;&#38; return 1
 505&nbsp;
 506&nbsp;    mv "$1" $TMPFILE
 507&nbsp;    mv "$2" "$1"
 508&nbsp;    mv $TMPFILE "$2"
 509&nbsp;}
 510&nbsp;
 511&nbsp;function extract()      # Handy Extract Program
 512&nbsp;{
 513&nbsp;    if [ -f $1 ] ; then
 514&nbsp;        case $1 in
 515&nbsp;            *.tar.bz2)   tar xvjf $1     ;;
 516&nbsp;            *.tar.gz)    tar xvzf $1     ;;
 517&nbsp;            *.bz2)       bunzip2 $1      ;;
 518&nbsp;            *.rar)       unrar x $1      ;;
 519&nbsp;            *.gz)        gunzip $1       ;;
 520&nbsp;            *.tar)       tar xvf $1      ;;
 521&nbsp;            *.tbz2)      tar xvjf $1     ;;
 522&nbsp;            *.tgz)       tar xvzf $1     ;;
 523&nbsp;            *.zip)       unzip $1        ;;
 524&nbsp;            *.Z)         uncompress $1   ;;
 525&nbsp;            *.7z)        7z x $1         ;;
 526&nbsp;            *)           echo "'$1' cannot be extracted via &#62;extract&#60;" ;;
 527&nbsp;        esac
 528&nbsp;    else
 529&nbsp;        echo "'$1' is not a valid file!"
 530&nbsp;    fi
 531&nbsp;}
 532&nbsp;
 533&nbsp;
 534&nbsp;# Creates an archive (*.tar.gz) from given directory.
 535&nbsp;function maketar() { tar cvzf "${1%%/}.tar.gz"  "${1%%/}/"; }
 536&nbsp;
 537&nbsp;# Create a ZIP archive of a file or folder.
 538&nbsp;function makezip() { zip -r "${1%%/}.zip" "$1" ; }
 539&nbsp;
 540&nbsp;# Make your directories and files access rights sane.
 541&nbsp;function sanitize() { chmod -R u=rwX,g=rX,o= "$@" ;}
 542&nbsp;
 543&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
 544&nbsp;# Process/system related functions:
 545&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
 546&nbsp;
 547&nbsp;
 548&nbsp;function my_ps() { ps $@ -u $USER -o pid,%cpu,%mem,bsdtime,command ; }
 549&nbsp;function pp() { my_ps f | awk '!/awk/ &#38;&#38; $0~var' var=${1:-".*"} ; }
 550&nbsp;
 551&nbsp;
 552&nbsp;function killps()   # kill by process name
 553&nbsp;{
 554&nbsp;    local pid pname sig="-TERM"   # default signal
 555&nbsp;    if [ "$#" -lt 1 ] || [ "$#" -gt 2 ]; then
 556&nbsp;        echo "Usage: killps [-SIGNAL] pattern"
 557&nbsp;        return;
 558&nbsp;    fi
 559&nbsp;    if [ $# = 2 ]; then sig=$1 ; fi
 560&nbsp;    for pid in $(my_ps| awk '!/awk/ &#38;&#38; $0~pat { print $1 }' pat=${!#} )
 561&nbsp;    do
 562&nbsp;        pname=$(my_ps | awk '$1~var { print $5 }' var=$pid )
 563&nbsp;        if ask "Kill process $pid &#60;$pname&#62; with signal $sig?"
 564&nbsp;            then kill $sig $pid
 565&nbsp;        fi
 566&nbsp;    done
 567&nbsp;}
 568&nbsp;
 569&nbsp;function mydf()         # Pretty-print of 'df' output.
 570&nbsp;{                       # Inspired by 'dfc' utility.
 571&nbsp;    for fs ; do
 572&nbsp;
 573&nbsp;        if [ ! -d $fs ]
 574&nbsp;        then
 575&nbsp;          echo -e $fs" :No such file or directory" ; continue
 576&nbsp;        fi
 577&nbsp;
 578&nbsp;        local info=( $(command df -P $fs | awk 'END{ print $2,$3,$5 }') )
 579&nbsp;        local free=( $(command df -Pkh $fs | awk 'END{ print $4 }') )
 580&nbsp;        local nbstars=$(( 20 * ${info[1]} / ${info[0]} ))
 581&nbsp;        local out="["
 582&nbsp;        for ((j=0;j&#60;20;j++)); do
 583&nbsp;            if [ ${j} -lt ${nbstars} ]; then
 584&nbsp;               out=$out"*"
 585&nbsp;            else
 586&nbsp;               out=$out"-"
 587&nbsp;            fi
 588&nbsp;        done
 589&nbsp;        out=${info[2]}" "$out"] ("$free" free on "$fs")"
 590&nbsp;        echo -e $out
 591&nbsp;    done
 592&nbsp;}
 593&nbsp;
 594&nbsp;
 595&nbsp;function my_ip() # Get IP adress on ethernet.
 596&nbsp;{
 597&nbsp;    MY_IP=$(/sbin/ifconfig eth0 | awk '/inet/ { print $2 } ' |
 598&nbsp;      sed -e s/addr://)
 599&nbsp;    echo ${MY_IP:-"Not connected"}
 600&nbsp;}
 601&nbsp;
 602&nbsp;function ii()   # Get current host related info.
 603&nbsp;{
 604&nbsp;    echo -e "\nYou are logged on ${BRed}$HOST"
 605&nbsp;    echo -e "\n${BRed}Additionnal information:$NC " ; uname -a
 606&nbsp;    echo -e "\n${BRed}Users logged on:$NC " ; w -hs |
 607&nbsp;             cut -d " " -f1 | sort | uniq
 608&nbsp;    echo -e "\n${BRed}Current date :$NC " ; date
 609&nbsp;    echo -e "\n${BRed}Machine stats :$NC " ; uptime
 610&nbsp;    echo -e "\n${BRed}Memory stats :$NC " ; free
 611&nbsp;    echo -e "\n${BRed}Diskspace :$NC " ; mydf / $HOME
 612&nbsp;    echo -e "\n${BRed}Local IP Address :$NC" ; my_ip
 613&nbsp;    echo -e "\n${BRed}Open connections :$NC "; netstat -pan --inet;
 614&nbsp;    echo
 615&nbsp;}
 616&nbsp;
 617&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
 618&nbsp;# Misc utilities:
 619&nbsp;#-------------------------------------------------------------
 620&nbsp;
 621&nbsp;function repeat()       # Repeat n times command.
 622&nbsp;{
 623&nbsp;    local i max
 624&nbsp;    max=$1; shift;
 625&nbsp;    for ((i=1; i &#60;= max ; i++)); do  # --&#62; C-like syntax
 626&nbsp;        eval "$@";
 627&nbsp;    done
 628&nbsp;}
 629&nbsp;
 630&nbsp;
 631&nbsp;function ask()          # See 'killps' for example of use.
 632&nbsp;{
 633&nbsp;    echo -n "$@" '[y/n] ' ; read ans
 634&nbsp;    case "$ans" in
 635&nbsp;        y*|Y*) return 0 ;;
 636&nbsp;        *) return 1 ;;
 637&nbsp;    esac
 638&nbsp;}
 639&nbsp;
 640&nbsp;function corename()   # Get name of app that created a corefile.
 641&nbsp;{
 642&nbsp;    for file ; do
 643&nbsp;        echo -n $file : ; gdb --core=$file --batch | head -1
 644&nbsp;    done
 645&nbsp;}
 646&nbsp;
 647&nbsp;
 648&nbsp;
 649&nbsp;#=========================================================================
 650&nbsp;#
 651&nbsp;#  PROGRAMMABLE COMPLETION SECTION
 652&nbsp;#  Most are taken from the bash 2.05 documentation and from Ian McDonald's
 653&nbsp;# 'Bash completion' package (http://www.caliban.org/bash/#completion)
 654&nbsp;#  You will in fact need bash more recent then 3.0 for some features.
 655&nbsp;#
 656&nbsp;#  Note that most linux distributions now provide many completions
 657&nbsp;# 'out of the box' - however, you might need to make your own one day,
 658&nbsp;#  so I kept those here as examples.
 659&nbsp;#=========================================================================
 660&nbsp;
 661&nbsp;if [ "${BASH_VERSION%.*}" \&#60; "3.0" ]; then
 662&nbsp;    echo "You will need to upgrade to version 3.0 for full \
 663&nbsp;          programmable completion features"
 664&nbsp;    return
 665&nbsp;fi
 666&nbsp;
 667&nbsp;shopt -s extglob        # Necessary.
 668&nbsp;
 669&nbsp;complete -A hostname   rsh rcp telnet rlogin ftp ping disk
 670&nbsp;complete -A export     printenv
 671&nbsp;complete -A variable   export local readonly unset
 672&nbsp;complete -A enabled    builtin
 673&nbsp;complete -A alias      alias unalias
 674&nbsp;complete -A function   function
 675&nbsp;complete -A user       su mail finger
 676&nbsp;
 677&nbsp;complete -A helptopic  help     # Currently same as builtins.
 678&nbsp;complete -A shopt      shopt
 679&nbsp;complete -A stopped -P '%' bg
 680&nbsp;complete -A job -P '%'     fg jobs disown
 681&nbsp;
 682&nbsp;complete -A directory  mkdir rmdir
 683&nbsp;complete -A directory   -o default cd
 684&nbsp;
 685&nbsp;# Compression
 686&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X '*.+(zip|ZIP)'  zip
 687&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(zip|ZIP)' unzip
 688&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X '*.+(z|Z)'      compress
 689&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(z|Z)'     uncompress
 690&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X '*.+(gz|GZ)'    gzip
 691&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(gz|GZ)'   gunzip
 692&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X '*.+(bz2|BZ2)'  bzip2
 693&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(bz2|BZ2)' bunzip2
 694&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(zip|ZIP|z|Z|gz|GZ|bz2|BZ2)' extract
 695&nbsp;
 696&nbsp;
 697&nbsp;# Documents - Postscript,pdf,dvi.....
 698&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(ps|PS)'  gs ghostview ps2pdf ps2ascii
 699&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X \
 700&nbsp;'!*.+(dvi|DVI)' dvips dvipdf xdvi dviselect dvitype
 701&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(pdf|PDF)' acroread pdf2ps
 702&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X '!*.@(@(?(e)ps|?(E)PS|pdf|PDF)?\
 703&nbsp;(.gz|.GZ|.bz2|.BZ2|.Z))' gv ggv
 704&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X '!*.texi*' makeinfo texi2dvi texi2html texi2pdf
 705&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X '!*.tex' tex latex slitex
 706&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X '!*.lyx' lyx
 707&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(htm*|HTM*)' lynx html2ps
 708&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X \
 709&nbsp;'!*.+(doc|DOC|xls|XLS|ppt|PPT|sx?|SX?|csv|CSV|od?|OD?|ott|OTT)' soffice
 710&nbsp;
 711&nbsp;# Multimedia
 712&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X \
 713&nbsp;'!*.+(gif|GIF|jp*g|JP*G|bmp|BMP|xpm|XPM|png|PNG)' xv gimp ee gqview
 714&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(mp3|MP3)' mpg123 mpg321
 715&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(ogg|OGG)' ogg123
 716&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X \
 717&nbsp;'!*.@(mp[23]|MP[23]|ogg|OGG|wav|WAV|pls|\
 718&nbsp;m3u|xm|mod|s[3t]m|it|mtm|ult|flac)' xmms
 719&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X '!*.@(mp?(e)g|MP?(E)G|wma|avi|AVI|\
 720&nbsp;asf|vob|VOB|bin|dat|vcd|ps|pes|fli|viv|rm|ram|yuv|mov|MOV|qt|\
 721&nbsp;QT|wmv|mp3|MP3|ogg|OGG|ogm|OGM|mp4|MP4|wav|WAV|asx|ASX)' xine
 722&nbsp;
 723&nbsp;
 724&nbsp;
 725&nbsp;complete -f -o default -X '!*.pl'  perl perl5
 726&nbsp;
 727&nbsp;
 728&nbsp;#  This is a 'universal' completion function - it works when commands have
 729&nbsp;#+ a so-called 'long options' mode , ie: 'ls --all' instead of 'ls -a'
 730&nbsp;#  Needs the '-o' option of grep
 731&nbsp;#+ (try the commented-out version if not available).
 732&nbsp;
 733&nbsp;#  First, remove '=' from completion word separators
 734&nbsp;#+ (this will allow completions like 'ls --color=auto' to work correctly).
 735&nbsp;
 736&nbsp;COMP_WORDBREAKS=${COMP_WORDBREAKS/=/}
 737&nbsp;
 738&nbsp;
 739&nbsp;_get_longopts()
 740&nbsp;{
 741&nbsp;  #$1 --help | sed  -e '/--/!d' -e 's/.*--\([^[:space:].,]*\).*/--\1/'| \
 742&nbsp;  #grep ^"$2" |sort -u ;
 743&nbsp;    $1 --help | grep -o -e "--[^[:space:].,]*" | grep -e "$2" |sort -u
 744&nbsp;}
 745&nbsp;
 746&nbsp;_longopts()
 747&nbsp;{
 748&nbsp;    local cur
 749&nbsp;    cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
 750&nbsp;
 751&nbsp;    case "${cur:-*}" in
 752&nbsp;       -*)      ;;
 753&nbsp;        *)      return ;;
 754&nbsp;    esac
 755&nbsp;
 756&nbsp;    case "$1" in
 757&nbsp;       \~*)     eval cmd="$1" ;;
 758&nbsp;         *)     cmd="$1" ;;
 759&nbsp;    esac
 760&nbsp;    COMPREPLY=( $(_get_longopts ${1} ${cur} ) )
 761&nbsp;}
 762&nbsp;complete  -o default -F _longopts configure bash
 763&nbsp;complete  -o default -F _longopts wget id info a2ps ls recode
 764&nbsp;
 765&nbsp;_tar()
 766&nbsp;{
 767&nbsp;    local cur ext regex tar untar
 768&nbsp;
 769&nbsp;    COMPREPLY=()
 770&nbsp;    cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
 771&nbsp;
 772&nbsp;    # If we want an option, return the possible long options.
 773&nbsp;    case "$cur" in
 774&nbsp;        -*)     COMPREPLY=( $(_get_longopts $1 $cur ) ); return 0;;
 775&nbsp;    esac
 776&nbsp;
 777&nbsp;    if [ $COMP_CWORD -eq 1 ]; then
 778&nbsp;        COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'c t x u r d A' -- $cur ) )
 779&nbsp;        return 0
 780&nbsp;    fi
 781&nbsp;
 782&nbsp;    case "${COMP_WORDS[1]}" in
 783&nbsp;        ?(-)c*f)
 784&nbsp;            COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -f $cur ) )
 785&nbsp;            return 0
 786&nbsp;            ;;
 787&nbsp;        +([^Izjy])f)
 788&nbsp;            ext='tar'
 789&nbsp;            regex=$ext
 790&nbsp;            ;;
 791&nbsp;        *z*f)
 792&nbsp;            ext='tar.gz'
 793&nbsp;            regex='t\(ar\.\)\(gz\|Z\)'
 794&nbsp;            ;;
 795&nbsp;        *[Ijy]*f)
 796&nbsp;            ext='t?(ar.)bz?(2)'
 797&nbsp;            regex='t\(ar\.\)bz2\?'
 798&nbsp;            ;;
 799&nbsp;        *)
 800&nbsp;            COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -f $cur ) )
 801&nbsp;            return 0
 802&nbsp;            ;;
 803&nbsp;
 804&nbsp;    esac
 805&nbsp;
 806&nbsp;    if [[ "$COMP_LINE" == tar*.$ext' '* ]]; then
 807&nbsp;        # Complete on files in tar file.
 808&nbsp;        #
 809&nbsp;        # Get name of tar file from command line.
 810&nbsp;        tar=$( echo "$COMP_LINE" | \
 811&nbsp;                        sed -e 's|^.* \([^ ]*'$regex'\) .*$|\1|' )
 812&nbsp;        # Devise how to untar and list it.
 813&nbsp;        untar=t${COMP_WORDS[1]//[^Izjyf]/}
 814&nbsp;
 815&nbsp;        COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "$( echo $( tar $untar $tar \
 816&nbsp;                                2&#62;/dev/null ) )" -- "$cur" ) )
 817&nbsp;        return 0
 818&nbsp;
 819&nbsp;    else
 820&nbsp;        # File completion on relevant files.
 821&nbsp;        COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -G $cur\*.$ext ) )
 822&nbsp;
 823&nbsp;    fi
 824&nbsp;
 825&nbsp;    return 0
 826&nbsp;
 827&nbsp;}
 828&nbsp;
 829&nbsp;complete -F _tar -o default tar
 830&nbsp;
 831&nbsp;_make()
 832&nbsp;{
 833&nbsp;    local mdef makef makef_dir="." makef_inc gcmd cur prev i;
 834&nbsp;    COMPREPLY=();
 835&nbsp;    cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]};
 836&nbsp;    prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]};
 837&nbsp;    case "$prev" in
 838&nbsp;        -*f)
 839&nbsp;            COMPREPLY=($(compgen -f $cur ));
 840&nbsp;            return 0
 841&nbsp;            ;;
 842&nbsp;    esac;
 843&nbsp;    case "$cur" in
 844&nbsp;        -*)
 845&nbsp;            COMPREPLY=($(_get_longopts $1 $cur ));
 846&nbsp;            return 0
 847&nbsp;            ;;
 848&nbsp;    esac;
 849&nbsp;
 850&nbsp;    # ... make reads
 851&nbsp;    #          GNUmakefile,
 852&nbsp;    #     then makefile
 853&nbsp;    #     then Makefile ...
 854&nbsp;    if [ -f ${makef_dir}/GNUmakefile ]; then
 855&nbsp;        makef=${makef_dir}/GNUmakefile
 856&nbsp;    elif [ -f ${makef_dir}/makefile ]; then
 857&nbsp;        makef=${makef_dir}/makefile
 858&nbsp;    elif [ -f ${makef_dir}/Makefile ]; then
 859&nbsp;        makef=${makef_dir}/Makefile
 860&nbsp;    else
 861&nbsp;       makef=${makef_dir}/*.mk         # Local convention.
 862&nbsp;    fi
 863&nbsp;
 864&nbsp;
 865&nbsp;    #  Before we scan for targets, see if a Makefile name was
 866&nbsp;    #+ specified with -f.
 867&nbsp;    for (( i=0; i &#60; ${#COMP_WORDS[@]}; i++ )); do
 868&nbsp;        if [[ ${COMP_WORDS[i]} == -f ]]; then
 869&nbsp;            # eval for tilde expansion
 870&nbsp;            eval makef=${COMP_WORDS[i+1]}
 871&nbsp;            break
 872&nbsp;        fi
 873&nbsp;    done
 874&nbsp;    [ ! -f $makef ] &#38;&#38; return 0
 875&nbsp;
 876&nbsp;    # Deal with included Makefiles.
 877&nbsp;    makef_inc=$( grep -E '^-?include' $makef |
 878&nbsp;                 sed -e "s,^.* ,"$makef_dir"/," )
 879&nbsp;    for file in $makef_inc; do
 880&nbsp;        [ -f $file ] &#38;&#38; makef="$makef $file"
 881&nbsp;    done
 882&nbsp;
 883&nbsp;
 884&nbsp;    #  If we have a partial word to complete, restrict completions
 885&nbsp;    #+ to matches of that word.
 886&nbsp;    if [ -n "$cur" ]; then gcmd='grep "^$cur"' ; else gcmd=cat ; fi
 887&nbsp;
 888&nbsp;    COMPREPLY=( $( awk -F':' '/^[a-zA-Z0-9][^$#\/\t=]*:([^=]|$)/ \
 889&nbsp;                               {split($1,A,/ /);for(i in A)print A[i]}' \
 890&nbsp;                                $makef 2&#62;/dev/null | eval $gcmd  ))
 891&nbsp;
 892&nbsp;}
 893&nbsp;
 894&nbsp;complete -F _make -X '+($*|*.[cho])' make gmake pmake
 895&nbsp;
 896&nbsp;
 897&nbsp;
 898&nbsp;
 899&nbsp;_killall()
 900&nbsp;{
 901&nbsp;    local cur prev
 902&nbsp;    COMPREPLY=()
 903&nbsp;    cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
 904&nbsp;
 905&nbsp;    #  Get a list of processes
 906&nbsp;    #+ (the first sed evaluation
 907&nbsp;    #+ takes care of swapped out processes, the second
 908&nbsp;    #+ takes care of getting the basename of the process).
 909&nbsp;    COMPREPLY=( $( ps -u $USER -o comm  | \
 910&nbsp;        sed -e '1,1d' -e 's#[]\[]##g' -e 's#^.*/##'| \
 911&nbsp;        awk '{if ($0 ~ /^'$cur'/) print $0}' ))
 912&nbsp;
 913&nbsp;    return 0
 914&nbsp;}
 915&nbsp;
 916&nbsp;complete -F _killall killall killps
 917&nbsp;
 918&nbsp;
 919&nbsp;
 920&nbsp;# Local Variables:
 921&nbsp;# mode:shell-script
 922&nbsp;# sh-shell:bash
 923&nbsp;# End:</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><HR></DIV
><P
>And, here is a snippet from Andrzej Szelachowski's instructive
        <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.bash_profile</TT
> file.</P
><DIV
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><HR><A
NAME="BASHPROF"
></A
><P
><B
>Example M-2. <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.bash_profile</TT
> file</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>   1&nbsp;# From Andrzej Szelachowski's ~/.bash_profile:
   2&nbsp;
   3&nbsp;
   4&nbsp;#  Note that a variable may require special treatment
   5&nbsp;#+ if it will be exported.
   6&nbsp;
   7&nbsp;DARKGRAY='\e[1;30m'
   8&nbsp;LIGHTRED='\e[1;31m'
   9&nbsp;GREEN='\e[32m'
  10&nbsp;YELLOW='\e[1;33m'
  11&nbsp;LIGHTBLUE='\e[1;34m'
  12&nbsp;NC='\e[m'
  13&nbsp;
  14&nbsp;PCT="\`if [[ \$EUID -eq 0 ]]; then T='$LIGHTRED' ; else T='$LIGHTBLUE'; fi; 
  15&nbsp;echo \$T \`"
  16&nbsp;
  17&nbsp;#  For "literal" command substitution to be assigned to a variable,
  18&nbsp;#+ use escapes and double quotes:
  19&nbsp;#+       PCT="\` ... \`" . . .
  20&nbsp;#  Otherwise, the value of PCT variable is assigned only once,
  21&nbsp;#+ when the variable is exported/read from .bash_profile,
  22&nbsp;#+ and it will not change afterwards even if the user ID changes.
  23&nbsp;
  24&nbsp;
  25&nbsp;PS1="\n$GREEN[\w] \n$DARKGRAY($PCT\t$DARKGRAY)-($PCT\u$DARKGRAY)-($PCT\!
  26&nbsp;$DARKGRAY)$YELLOW-&#62; $NC"
  27&nbsp;
  28&nbsp;#  Escape a variables whose value changes:
  29&nbsp;#        if [[ \$EUID -eq 0 ]],
  30&nbsp;#  Otherwise the value of the EUID variable will be assigned only once,
  31&nbsp;#+ as above.
  32&nbsp;
  33&nbsp;#  When a variable is assigned, it should be called escaped:
  34&nbsp;#+       echo \$T,
  35&nbsp;#  Otherwise the value of the T variable is taken from the moment the PCT 
  36&nbsp;#+ variable is exported/read from .bash_profile.
  37&nbsp;#  So, in this example it would be null.
  38&nbsp;
  39&nbsp;#  When a variable's value contains a semicolon it should be strong quoted:
  40&nbsp;#        T='$LIGHTRED',
  41&nbsp;#  Otherwise, the semicolon will be interpreted as a command separator.
  42&nbsp;
  43&nbsp;
  44&nbsp;#  Variables PCT and PS1 can be merged into a new PS1 variable:
  45&nbsp;
  46&nbsp;PS1="\`if [[ \$EUID -eq 0 ]]; then PCT='$LIGHTRED';
  47&nbsp;else PCT='$LIGHTBLUE'; fi; 
  48&nbsp;echo '\n$GREEN[\w] \n$DARKGRAY('\$PCT'\t$DARKGRAY)-\
  49&nbsp;('\$PCT'\u$DARKGRAY)-('\$PCT'\!$DARKGRAY)$YELLOW-&#62; $NC'\`"
  50&nbsp;
  51&nbsp;# The trick is to use strong quoting for parts of old PS1 variable.</PRE
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