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> Important Files</TITLE
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><TH
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>Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide: An in-depth exploration of the art of shell scripting</TH
></TR
><TR
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><A
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><DIV
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><H1
><A
NAME="FILES"
></A
>Appendix H.  Important Files</H1
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><P
><B
><A
NAME="FILESREF1"
></A
>startup files</B
></P
><DL
><DT
></DT
><DD
><P
>These files contain the aliases and <A
HREF="othertypesv.html#ENVREF"
>environmental variables</A
>
	    made available to Bash running as a user shell and to all
	    Bash scripts invoked after system initialization.</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/profile</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>Systemwide defaults, mostly setting the environment
	  (all Bourne-type shells, not just Bash
	     <A
NAME="AEN23892"
HREF="#FTN.AEN23892"
>[1]</A
>)</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/bashrc</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>systemwide functions and <A
HREF="aliases.html#ALIASREF"
>aliases</A
> for Bash</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>$HOME</TT
>/.bash_profile</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>user-specific Bash environmental default settings,
	    found in each user's home directory (the local counterpart
	    to <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/profile</TT
>)</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>$HOME</TT
>/.bashrc</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>user-specific Bash init file, found in each user's home
	    directory (the local counterpart to
	    <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/bashrc</TT
>).	Only interactive
	    shells and user scripts read this file. See
	    <A
HREF="sample-bashrc.html"
>Appendix M</A
> for a sample
	    <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.bashrc</TT
> file.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><P
><B
><A
NAME="LOGOUTFILEREF1"
></A
>logout file</B
></P
><DL
><DT
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>$HOME</TT
>/.bash_logout</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>user-specific instruction file, found in
	    each user's home directory. Upon exit from a login (Bash)
	    shell, the commands in this file execute.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><P
><B
><A
NAME="DATAFILESREF1"
></A
>data files</B
></P
><DL
><DT
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/passwd</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>A listing of all the user accounts on the system,
	    their identities, their home directories, the groups they
	    belong to, and their default shell. Note that the user
	    passwords are <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>not</I
></SPAN
>
            stored in this file,
	      <A
NAME="AEN23937"
HREF="#FTN.AEN23937"
>[2]</A
>
	    but in <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/shadow</TT
> in encrypted form.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><P
><B
><A
NAME="SYSCONFREF1"
></A
>system configuration files</B
></P
><DL
><DT
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/sysconfig/hwconf</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>Listing and description of attached hardware devices.
	     This information is in text form and can be extracted and
	     parsed.</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="90%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>bash$ </TT
><TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>grep -A 5 AUDIO /etc/sysconfig/hwconf</B
></TT
>	      
 <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
>class: AUDIO
 bus: PCI
 detached: 0
 driver: snd-intel8x0
 desc: "Intel Corporation 82801CA/CAM AC'97 Audio Controller"
 vendorId: 8086</TT
>
  </PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><TABLE
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WIDTH="90%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="common/note.png"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>This file is present on Red Hat and Fedora Core
	     installations, but may be missing from other
	     distros.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><H3
CLASS="FOOTNOTES"
>Notes</H3
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
CLASS="FOOTNOTES"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
WIDTH="5%"
><A
NAME="FTN.AEN23892"
HREF="files.html#AEN23892"
>[1]</A
></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
WIDTH="95%"
><P
>This does not apply to <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>csh</B
>,
	       <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>tcsh</B
>, and other shells not related to or
	       descended from the classic Bourne shell
	       (<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>sh</B
>).</P
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
WIDTH="5%"
><A
NAME="FTN.AEN23937"
HREF="files.html#AEN23937"
>[2]</A
></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
WIDTH="95%"
><P
>In older versions of UNIX, passwords
	      <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>were</I
></SPAN
> stored in
	      <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/passwd</TT
>, and that explains
	      the name of the file.</P
></TD
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