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>Terminal Control Commands</TITLE
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>Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide: An in-depth exploration of the art of shell scripting</TH
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>Chapter 16. External Filters, Programs and Commands</TD
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><DIV
CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="TERMINALCCMDS"
></A
>16.7. Terminal Control Commands</H1
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><P
><B
><A
NAME="TERMCOMMANDLISTING1"
></A
>Command affecting the console
	   or terminal</B
></P
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="TPUTREF"
></A
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>tput</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Initialize terminal and/or fetch information about it from
	      <SPAN
CLASS="DATABASE"
>terminfo</SPAN
> data. Various options permit
	      certain terminal operations:  <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>tput clear</B
>
	      is the equivalent of <A
HREF="terminalccmds.html#CLEARREF"
>clear</A
>;
	      <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>tput reset</B
> is the equivalent
	      of <A
HREF="terminalccmds.html#RESETREF"
>reset</A
>.</P
><P
>	      <TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="90%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>bash$ </TT
><TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>tput longname</B
></TT
>
 <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
>xterm terminal emulator (X Window System)</TT
>
 	      </PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
	    </P
><P
>Issuing a <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>tput cup X Y</B
> moves
	      the cursor to the (X,Y) coordinates in the current
	      terminal. A <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>clear</B
> to erase the terminal
	      screen would normally precede this.</P
><P
>&#13;	      Some interesting options to <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>tput</I
> are:

	  <UL
><LI
><P
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>bold</TT
>, for high-intensity
	      text</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>smul</TT
>, to underline text
	      in the terminal</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>smso</TT
>, to render text in
	      reverse</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>sgr0</TT
>, to reset the terminal
	      parameters (to normal), without clearing the
	      screen</P
></LI
></UL
>

	    </P
><P
>Example scripts using <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>tput</I
>:
            <OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="colorizing.html#COLORECHO"
>Example 36-15</A
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="colorizing.html#EX30A"
>Example 36-13</A
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="contributed-scripts.html#HOMEWORK"
>Example A-44</A
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="contributed-scripts.html#NIM"
>Example A-42</A
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="arrays.html#POEM"
>Example 27-2</A
></P
></LI
></OL
>
	    </P
><P
>Note that <A
HREF="system.html#STTYREF"
>stty</A
> offers
	      a more powerful command set for controlling a terminal.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="INFOCMPREF"
></A
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>infocmp</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>This command prints out extensive information about the
	      current terminal. It references the
	      <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>terminfo</I
> database.</P
><P
>	      <TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="90%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>bash$ </TT
><TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>infocmp</B
></TT
>
 <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
>#       Reconstructed via infocmp from file:
 /usr/share/terminfo/r/rxvt
 rxvt|rxvt terminal emulator (X Window System), 
         am, bce, eo, km, mir, msgr, xenl, xon, 
         colors#8, cols#80, it#8, lines#24, pairs#64, 
         acsc=``aaffggjjkkllmmnnooppqqrrssttuuvvwwxxyyzz{{||}}~~, 
         bel=^G, blink=\E[5m, bold=\E[1m,
         civis=\E[?25l, 
         clear=\E[H\E[2J, cnorm=\E[?25h, cr=^M, 
         ...</TT
>
 	      </PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
	    </P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="RESETREF"
></A
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>reset</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Reset terminal parameters and clear text screen. As with
	    <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>clear</B
>, the cursor and prompt reappear in the
	    upper lefthand corner of the terminal.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="CLEARREF"
></A
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>clear</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>The <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>clear</B
> command simply clears
	      the text screen at the console or in an
	      <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>xterm</I
>. The prompt and cursor
	      reappear at the upper lefthand corner of the screen or
	      xterm window. This command may be used either at the command
	      line or in a script. See <A
HREF="testbranch.html#EX30"
>Example 11-26</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="RESIZEREF"
></A
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>resize</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Echoes commands necessary to set <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>$TERM</TT
>
	      and <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>$TERMCAP</TT
> to duplicate the
	      <I
CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
>size</I
> (dimensions) of the current
	      terminal.</P
><P
>	        <TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="90%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
> <TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>bash$ </TT
><TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>resize</B
></TT
>
 <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
>set noglob;
 setenv COLUMNS '80';
 setenv LINES '24';
 unset noglob;</TT
>
 	        </PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
	      </P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="SCRIPTREF"
></A
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>script</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>This utility records (saves to a file) all the user keystrokes at
	      the command-line in a console or an xterm window. This, in effect,
	      creates a record of a session.</P
></DD
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