1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425
|
.TH SA 8 "1997 August 19"
.SH NAME
sa \- summarizes accounting information
.SH SYNOPSIS
.hy 0
.na
.TP
.B sa
[
.B \-a
|
.B \-\-list-all-names
]
.br
[
.B \-b
|
.B \-\-sort-sys-user-div-calls
]
.br
[
.B \-c
|
.B \-\-percentages
]
[
.B \-d
|
.B \-\-sort-avio
]
.br
[
.B \-D
|
.B \-\-sort-tio
]
[
.B \-f
|
.B \-\-not-interactive
]
.br
[
.B \-i
|
.B \-\-dont-read-summary-files
]
.br
[
.B \-j
|
.B \-\-print-seconds
]
[
.B \-k
|
.B \-\-sort-cpu-avmem
]
.br
[
.B \-K
|
.B \-\-sort-ksec
]
[
.B \-l
|
.B \-\-separate-times
]
.br
[
.B \-m
|
.B \-\-user-summary
]
[
.B \-n
|
.B \-\-sort-num-calls
]
.br
[
.B \-p
|
.B \-\-show-paging
]
[
.B \-P
|
.B \-\-show-paging-avg
]
.br
[
.B \-r
|
.B \-\-reverse-sort
]
[
.B \-s
|
.B \-\-merge
]
.br
[
.B \-t
|
.B \-\-print-ratio
]
[
.B \-u
|
.B \-\-print-users
]
.br
[
.BI \-v " num"
|
.BI \-\-threshold " num"
]
[
.B \-\-sort-real-time
]
.br
[
.B \-\-debug
]
[
.B \-V
|
.B \-\-version
]
[
.B \-h
|
.B \-\-help
]
.br
[
.BI "\-\-other-usracct-file " filename
]
[
.BI \-\-ahz " hz"
]
.br
[
.BI "\-\-other-savacct-file " filename
]
.br
[
[
.B "\-\-other-acct-file "
]
.I filename
]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.LP
.B sa
summarizes information about previously executed commands as
recorded in the
.I acct
file. In addition, it condenses this data into a summary file named
.I savacct
which contains the number of times the command was called and the system
resources used. The information can also be summarized on a per-user
basis;
.B sa
will save this information into a file named
.I usracct.
.LP
If no arguments are specified,
.B sa
will print information about all of the commands in the
.I acct
file.
.LP
If called with a file name as the last argument,
.B sa
will use that file instead of the system's default
.I acct
file.
.LP
By default,
.B sa
will sort the output by sum of user and system time.
If command names have unprintable characters, or are only called once,
.B sa
will sort them into a group called `***other'.
If more than one sorting option is specified, the list will
be sorted by the one specified last on the command line.
.LP
The output fields are labeled as follows:
.TP
.I cpu
sum of system and user time in cpu minutes
.TP
.I re
"elapsed time" in minutes
.TP
.I k
cpu-time averaged core usage, in 1k units
.TP
.I avio
average number of I/O operations per execution
.TP
.I tio
total number of I/O operations
.TP
.I k*sec
cpu storage integral (kilo-core seconds)
.TP
.I u
user cpu time in cpu seconds
.TP
.I s
system time in cpu seconds
.LP
Note that these column titles do not appear in the first row of the
table, but after each numeric entry (as units of measurement) in every
row. For example, you might see `79.29re', meaning 79.29 cpu seconds
of "real time".
.LP
An asterisk will appear after the name of commands that forked but didn't call
.B exec.
.LP
GNU
.B sa
takes care to implement a number of features not found in other versions.
For example, most versions of
.B sa
don't pay attention to flags like `\-\-print-seconds' and
`\-\-sort-num-calls' when printing out commands when combined with
the `\-\-user-summary' or `\-\-print-users' flags. GNU
.B sa
pays attention to these flags if they are applicable.
Also, MIPS'
.B sa
stores the average memory use as a short rather than a double, resulting
in some round-off errors. GNU
.B sa
uses double the whole way through.
.SH OPTIONS
.LP
The availability of these program options depends on your operating
system. In specific, the members that appear in the
.B struct acct
of your system's process accounting header file (usually
.I acct.h
) determine which flags will be present. For example, if your system's
.B struct acct
doesn't have the `ac_mem' field, the installed
version of
.B sa
will not support the `\-\-sort-cpu-avmem', `\-\-sort-ksec', `\-k', or
`\-K' options.
.LP
In short, all of these flags may not be available on your machine.
.TP
.PD 0
.B \-a, \-\-list-all-names
Force
.B sa
not to sort those command names with unprintable characters and those
used only once into the
.I ***other
group.
.TP
.B \-b, \-\-sort-sys-user-div-calls
Sort the output by the sum of user and system time divided by the
number of calls.
.TP
.B \-c, \-\-percentages
Print percentages of total time for the command's user, system,
and real time values.
.TP
.B \-d, \-\-sort-avio
Sort the output by the average number of disk I/O operations.
.TP
.B \-D, \-\-sort-tio
Print and sort the output by the total number of disk I/O operations.
.TP
.B \-f, \-\-not-interactive
When using the `\-\-threshold' option, assume that all answers to
interactive queries will be affirmative.
.TP
.B \-i, \-\-dont-read-summary-files
Don't read the information in the system's default
.I savacct
file.
.TP
.B \-j, \-\-print-seconds
Instead of printing total minutes for each category, print seconds per call.
.TP
.B \-k, \-\-sort-cpu-avmem
Sort the output by cpu time average memory usage.
.TP
.B \-K, \-\-sort-ksec
Print and sort the output by the cpu-storage integral.
.TP
.B \-l, \-\-separate-times
Print separate columns for system and user time; usually the two
are added together and listed as `cpu'.
.TP
.B \-m, \-\-user-summary
Print the number of processes and number of CPU minutes on a
per-user basis.
.TP
.B \-n, \-\-sort-num-calls
Sort the output by the number of calls. This is the default sorting method.
.TP
.B \-p, \-\-show-paging
Print the number of minor and major pagefaults and swaps.
.TP
.B \-P, \-\-show-paging-avg
Print the number of minor and major pagefaults and swaps divided by
the number of calls.
.TP
.B \-r, \-\-reverse-sort
Sort output items in reverse order.
.TP
.B \-s, \-\-merge
Merge the summarized accounting data into the summary files
.I savacct
and
.I usracct.
.TP
.B \-t, \-\-print-ratio
For each entry, print the ratio of real time to the sum of system
and user times. If the sum of system and user times is too small
to report--the sum is zero--`*ignore*' will appear in this field.
.TP
.B \-u, \-\-print-users
For each command in the accounting file, print the userid and
command name. After printing all entries, quit. *Note*: this flag
supersedes all others.
.TP
.BI \-v " num " \-\-threshold " num"
Print commands which were executed
.I num
times or fewer and await a
reply from the terminal. If the response begins with `y', add the
command to the `**junk**' group.
.TP
.B \-\-separate-forks
It really doesn't make any sense to me that the stock version of
.B sa
separates statistics for a particular executable depending on
whether or not that command forked. Therefore, GNU
.B sa
lumps this information together unless this option is specified.
.TP
.BI \-\-ahz " hz"
Use this flag to tell the program what
.B AHZ
should be (in hertz). This option is useful if you are trying to view
an
.I acct
file created on another machine which has the same byte order and file
format as your current machine, but has a different value for
.B AHZ.
.TP
.B \-\-debug
Print verbose internal information.
.TP
.B \-V, \-\-version
Print the version number of
.B sa.
.TP
.B \-h, \-\-help
Prints the usage string and default locations of system files to
standard output and exits.
.TP
.BI \-\-sort-real-time
Sort the output by the "real time" field.
.TP
.BI \-\-other-usracct-file " filename"
Write summaries by user ID to
.I filename
rather than the system's default
.I usracct
file.
.TP
.BI \-\-other-savacct-file " filename"
Write summaries by command name to
.I filename
rather than the system's default
.I SAVACCT
file.
.TP
.BI \-\-other-acct-file " filename"
Read from the file
.I filename
instead of the system's default
.I ACCT
file.
.SH FILES
.TP
.I acct
The raw system wide process accounting file. See
.BR acct (5)
for further details.
.TP
.I savacct
A summary of system process accounting sorted by command.
.TP
.I usracct
A summary of system process accounting sorted by user ID.
.RE
.LP
.SH BUGS
There is not yet a wide experience base for comparing the output of GNU
.B sa
with versions of
.B sa
in many other systems. The problem is that the data files grow big in a short
time and therefore require a lot of disk space.
.LP
.SH AUTHOR
The GNU accounting utilities were written by Noel Cragg
<noel@gnu.ai.mit.edu>. The man page was adapted from the accounting
texinfo page by Susan Kleinmann <sgk@sgk.tiac.net>.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR acct (5),
.BR ac (1)
|