@Part(predef, Root="ada.mss")

@Comment{$Date: 2015/04/03 04:12:43 $}
@LabeledNormativeAnnex{Predefined Language Environment}

@comment{$Source: e:\\cvsroot/ARM/Source/pre.mss,v $}
@comment{$Revision: 1.53 $}
@comment{$RLB: Eliminated includes. $}

@begin{Intro}
@Leading@keepnext
@redundant[@Defn{Language-Defined Library Units}
@Defn{predefined environment}
This Annex contains the specifications of library units that shall be
provided by every implementation.
There are three root library units:
Ada, Interfaces, and System;
other library units are children of these:]

@Leading@Keepnext
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@ @*@ @;@comment{paragraph number here, paragraph numbers seem to intrude on
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@begin{Discussion}
In running text, we generally leave out the @lquotes@;Ada.@rquotes@; when referring to a
child of Ada.
@end{Discussion}
@begin{Reason}
We had no strict rule for which of Ada, Interfaces, or System should be
the parent of a given library unit.
However, we have tried to place as many things as possible under Ada,
except that interfacing is a separate category,
and we have tried to place library units whose use is highly
nonportable under System.
@end{Reason}
@end{Intro}

@begin{ImplReq}
@ChgRef{Version=[2],Kind=[Revised],ARef=[AI95-00434-01]}
@ChgRef{Version=[4],Kind=[Revised],ARef=[AI12-0052-1],ARef=[AI12-0114-1]}
The implementation shall ensure that each
language@Chg{Version=[2],New=[-],Old=[]}defined subprogram is
reentrant@Chg{Version=[2],New=[@Defn{reentrant}],Old=[]}@ChgNote{Suggested by Gary Dismukes} in
the sense that concurrent calls on @Chg{Version=[4],New=[any language-defined],
Old=[the same]} subprogram perform as specified,
so long as all@Chg{Version=[4],New=[ objects that are denoted by],Old=[]}
parameters that could be passed by reference @Chg{Version=[4],New=[or
designated by parameters of an access type are],Old=[denote]}
nonoverlapping@Chg{Version=[4],New=[],Old=[ objects]}.
@begin{Ramification}
  @ChgRef{Version=[4],Kind=[Added],ARef=[AI12-0052-1],ARef=[AI12-0114-1]}
  @ChgAdded{Version=[4],Text=[So long as the parameters are disjoint, concurrent
  calls on the same language-defined subprogram, and concurrent calls on two
  different language-defined subprograms are required to work. But concurrent
  calls operating on overlapping objects (be they of the same or different
  language-defined subprograms) are @i<not> required to work (being an
  erroneous use of shared variables) unless both subprograms are required to
  pass the associated parameter by-copy.]}

  For example, simultaneous calls to Text_IO.Put will work properly,
  so long as they are going to two different files.
  On the other hand, simultaneous output to the same file constitutes
  erroneous use of shared variables.
@end{Ramification}
@begin{Honest}
  Here, @lquotes@;language defined subprogram@rquotes@; means a language defined library
  subprogram, a subprogram declared in the visible part of a language
  defined library package, an instance of a language defined
  generic library subprogram,
  or a subprogram declared in the visible part
  of an instance of a language defined generic library package.
@end{Honest}
@begin{Ramification}
  @ChgRef{Version=[4],Kind=[Added],ARef=[AI12-0052-1]}
  @ChgAdded{Version=[4],Text=[This rule applies to all language-defined
  subprograms, including those defined in packages that manage some global state
  (like environment variables or the current directory). Unless specified above,
  such subprograms need to work when the explicit parameters are not
  overlapping; in particular, the existence of the global state is not
  considered.]}

  @ChgRef{Version=[4],Kind=[Revised],ARef=[AI12-0052-1]}
  The rule implies that any data local to the private part or
  body of the package @Chg{Version=[4],New=[(including global state as described
  above) ],Old=[]}has to be somehow protected against simultaneous access.
@end{Ramification}

@ChgRef{Version=[4],Kind=[Added],ARef=[AI12-0052-1],ARef=[AI12-0159-1]}
@ChgAdded{Version=[4],Text=[For the purpose of determining whether concurrent
calls on text input-output subprograms are required to perform as specified
above, when calling a subprogram within Text_IO or its children that implicitly
operates on one of the default input-output files, the subprogram is considered
to have a parameter of Current_Input or Current_Output (as appropriate).]}

@ChgRef{Version=[3],Kind=[Added],ARef=[AI05-0048-1]}
@ChgAdded{Version=[3],Text=[If a descendant of a language-defined tagged
type is declared, the implementation
shall ensure that each inherited language-defined subprogram behaves as
described in this International Standard. In particular, overriding
a language-defined subprogram shall
not alter the effect of any inherited language-defined subprogram.]}
@begin{Reason}
  @ChgRef{Version=[3],Kind=[AddedNormal]}
  @ChgAdded{Version=[3],Text=[This means that internally the implementation
  must not do redispatching unless it is required by the Standard.
  So when we say that some subprogram Bar is equivalent to
  Foo, overriding Foo for a derived type doesn't change the semantics of
  Bar, and in particular it means that Bar may no longer be equivalent to
  Foo. The word @ldquote@;equivalent@rdquote is always a bit of a lie anyway.]}
@end{Reason}
@end{ImplReq}

@begin{ImplPerm}
The implementation may restrict the replacement of language-defined
compilation units.
The implementation may restrict children of language-defined library
units (other than Standard).
@begin{Ramification}
For example, the implementation may say,
@lquotes@;you cannot compile a library unit called System@rquotes@;
or @lquotes@;you cannot compile a child of package System@rquotes@;
or @lquotes@;if you compile a library unit called System,
it has to be a package, and it has to contain at least
the following declarations: ...@rquotes@;.
@end{Ramification}
@end{ImplPerm}

@begin{DiffWord83}
Many of Ada 83's language-defined library units are now children of Ada
or System.
For upward compatibility, these are renamed as root library units
(see @RefSecNum{Renamings of Library Units}).

The order and lettering of the annexes has been changed.
@end{DiffWord83}

@begin{DiffWord95}
  @ChgRef{Version=[2],Kind=[AddedNormal],Ref=[8652/0047],ARef=[AI95-00081-01]}
  @ChgAdded{Version=[2],Text=[@b<Corrigendum:> Units missing from the list of
  predefined units were added.]}

  @ChgRef{Version=[2],Kind=[AddedNormal],ARef=[AI95-00424-01]}
  @ChgAdded{Version=[2],Text=[Added new units to the list of
  predefined units.]}
@end{DiffWord95}

@begin{DiffWord2005}
  @ChgRef{Version=[3],Kind=[AddedNormal],ARef=[AI05-0048-1]}
  @ChgAdded{Version=[3],Text=[@b<Correction:> Added wording to ban
  redispatching unless it is explicitly required, in order to safeguard
  portability when overriding language-defined routines.]}

  @ChgRef{Version=[3],Kind=[AddedNormal],ARef=[AI05-0060-1],ARef=[AI05-0206-1]}
  @ChgAdded{Version=[3],Text=[@b<Correction:> Added a permission to
  omit pragma Remote_Types from language-defined units if Annex E is
  not supported. This was later removed, as a better method of supporting
  the reason is now available.
  Note that this requires all implementations to provide minimal support for
  the Remote_Types categorization even if Annex E is not supported; being
  unable to compile language-defined units is not allowed.]}

  @ChgRef{Version=[3],Kind=[AddedNormal],ARef=[AI05-0001-1],ARef=[AI05-0049-1],ARef=[AI05-0069-1],ARef=[AI05-0111-3],ARef=[AI05-0136-1],ARef=[AI05-0137-1],ARef=[AI05-0166-1],ARef=[AI05-0168-1]}
  @ChgAdded{Version=[3],Text=[Added various new units to the
  list of predefined units.]}
@end{DiffWord2005}

@begin{DiffWord2012}
  @ChgRef{Version=[4],Kind=[Added],ARef=[AI12-0052-1],ARef=[AI12-0114-1],ARef=[AI12-0159-1]}
  @ChgAdded{Version=[4],Text=[@b<Corrigendum:> The rules requiring concurrent
  access of language-defined subprograms were expanded to include implicit
  Text_IO objects, overlapping objects designated by parameters of an access
  type, and simultaneous calls on different language-defined subprograms. While
  this might change behavior of some programs, it would do so by eliminating
  erroneous execution, so we don't consider this an inconsistency.]}
@end{DiffWord2012}