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<P><A HREF="AA-TOC.html">Contents</A> <A HREF="AA-0-29.html">Index</A> <A HREF="AA-A-4-2.html">Previous</A> <A HREF="AA-A-4-4.html">Next</A></P>
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<H1> A.4.3 Fixed-Length String Handling</H1>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> The language-defined package Strings.Fixed provides
string-handling subprograms for fixed-length strings; that is, for values
of type Standard.String. Several of these subprograms are procedures
that modify the contents of a String that is passed as an <B>out</B>
or an <B>in</B> <B>out</B> parameter; each has additional parameters
to control the effect when the logical length of the result differs from
the parameter's length.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>2</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> For each function that returns a String, the lower
bound of the returned value is 1. </DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>2.a</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Annotations"><FONT SIZE=-1><B>Discussion: </B>Most operations
that yields a String are provided both as a function and as a procedure.
The functional form is possibly a more aesthetic style but may introduce
overhead due to extra copying or dynamic memory usage in some implementations.
Thus a procedural form, with an <B>in</B> <B>out</B> parameter so that
all copying is done `in place', is also supplied.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>3</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> The basic model embodied in the package is that
a fixed-length string comprises significant characters and possibly padding
(with space characters) on either or both ends. When a shorter string
is copied to a longer string, padding is inserted, and when a longer
string is copied to a shorter one, padding is stripped. The Move procedure
in Strings.Fixed, which takes a String as an <B>out</B> parameter, allows
the programmer to control these effects. Similar control is provided
by the string transformation procedures. </DIV>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>Static Semantics</H4>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>4</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal" Style="margin-bottom: 0.4em"> The library package
Strings.Fixed has the following declaration: </DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>5</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>with</B> Ada.Strings.Maps;<BR>
<A NAME="I5181"></A><A NAME="I5182"></A><A NAME="I5183"></A><B>package</B> Ada.Strings.Fixed <B>is</B><BR>
<B>pragma</B> Preelaborate(Fixed);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>6</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT>--<I> "Copy" procedure for strings of possibly different lengths</I></TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>7</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5184"></A><A NAME="I5185"></A>Move (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Target : <B>out</B> String;<BR>
Drop : <B>in</B> Truncation := Error;<BR>
Justify : <B>in</B> Alignment := Left;<BR>
Pad : <B>in</B> Character := Space);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>8</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT>--<I> Search subprograms</I></TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>9</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> <A NAME="I5186"></A><A NAME="I5187"></A>Index (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Pattern : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Going : <B>in</B> Direction := Forward;<BR>
Mapping : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Mapping<BR>
:= Maps.Identity)<BR>
<B>return</B> Natural;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>10</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> <A NAME="I5188"></A><A NAME="I5189"></A>Index (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Pattern : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Going : <B>in</B> Direction := Forward;<BR>
Mapping : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Mapping_Function)<BR>
<B>return</B> Natural;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>11</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> <A NAME="I5190"></A><A NAME="I5191"></A>Index (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Set : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Set;<BR>
Test : <B>in</B> Membership := Inside;<BR>
Going : <B>in</B> Direction := Forward)<BR>
<B>return</B> Natural;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>12</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> <A NAME="I5192"></A><A NAME="I5193"></A>Index_Non_Blank (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Going : <B>in</B> Direction := Forward)<BR>
<B>return</B> Natural;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>13</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> <A NAME="I5194"></A><A NAME="I5195"></A>Count (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Pattern : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Mapping : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Mapping<BR>
:= Maps.Identity)<BR>
<B>return</B> Natural;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>14</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> <A NAME="I5196"></A><A NAME="I5197"></A>Count (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Pattern : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Mapping : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Mapping_Function)<BR>
<B>return</B> Natural;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>15</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> <A NAME="I5198"></A><A NAME="I5199"></A>Count (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Set : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Set)<BR>
<B>return</B> Natural;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>16</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5200"></A><A NAME="I5201"></A>Find_Token (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Set : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Set;<BR>
Test : <B>in</B> Membership;<BR>
First : <B>out</B> Positive;<BR>
Last : <B>out</B> Natural);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>17</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT>--<I> String translation subprograms</I></TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>18</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> <A NAME="I5202"></A><A NAME="I5203"></A>Translate (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Mapping : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Mapping)<BR>
<B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>19</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5204"></A><A NAME="I5205"></A>Translate (Source : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> String;<BR>
Mapping : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Mapping);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>20</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> <A NAME="I5206"></A><A NAME="I5207"></A>Translate (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Mapping : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Mapping_Function)<BR>
<B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>21</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5208"></A><A NAME="I5209"></A>Translate (Source : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> String;<BR>
Mapping : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Mapping_Function);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>22</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT>--<I> String transformation subprograms</I></TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>23</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> <A NAME="I5210"></A><A NAME="I5211"></A>Replace_Slice (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Low : <B>in</B> Positive;<BR>
High : <B>in</B> Natural;<BR>
By : <B>in</B> String)<BR>
<B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>24</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5212"></A><A NAME="I5213"></A>Replace_Slice (Source : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> String;<BR>
Low : <B>in</B> Positive;<BR>
High : <B>in</B> Natural;<BR>
By : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Drop : <B>in</B> Truncation := Error;<BR>
Justify : <B>in</B> Alignment := Left;<BR>
Pad : <B>in</B> Character := Space);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>25</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> <A NAME="I5214"></A><A NAME="I5215"></A>Insert (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Before : <B>in</B> Positive;<BR>
New_Item : <B>in</B> String)<BR>
<B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>26</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5216"></A><A NAME="I5217"></A>Insert (Source : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> String;<BR>
Before : <B>in</B> Positive;<BR>
New_Item : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Drop : <B>in</B> Truncation := Error);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>27</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> <A NAME="I5218"></A><A NAME="I5219"></A>Overwrite (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Position : <B>in</B> Positive;<BR>
New_Item : <B>in</B> String)<BR>
<B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>28</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5220"></A><A NAME="I5221"></A>Overwrite (Source : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> String;<BR>
Position : <B>in</B> Positive;<BR>
New_Item : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Drop : <B>in</B> Truncation := Right);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>29</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> <A NAME="I5222"></A><A NAME="I5223"></A>Delete (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
From : <B>in</B> Positive;<BR>
Through : <B>in</B> Natural)<BR>
<B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>30</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5224"></A><A NAME="I5225"></A>Delete (Source : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> String;<BR>
From : <B>in</B> Positive;<BR>
Through : <B>in</B> Natural;<BR>
Justify : <B>in</B> Alignment := Left;<BR>
Pad : <B>in</B> Character := Space);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>31</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> --<I>String selector subprograms</I><BR>
<B>function</B> <A NAME="I5226"></A><A NAME="I5227"></A>Trim (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Side : <B>in</B> Trim_End)<BR>
<B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>32</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5228"></A><A NAME="I5229"></A>Trim (Source : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> String;<BR>
Side : <B>in</B> Trim_End;<BR>
Justify : <B>in</B> Alignment := Left;<BR>
Pad : <B>in</B> Character := Space);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>33</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> <A NAME="I5230"></A><A NAME="I5231"></A>Trim (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Left : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Set;<BR>
Right : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Set)<BR>
<B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>34</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5232"></A><A NAME="I5233"></A>Trim (Source : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> String;<BR>
Left : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Set;<BR>
Right : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Set;<BR>
Justify : <B>in</B> Alignment := Strings.Left;<BR>
Pad : <B>in</B> Character := Space);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>35</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> <A NAME="I5234"></A><A NAME="I5235"></A>Head (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Count : <B>in</B> Natural;<BR>
Pad : <B>in</B> Character := Space)<BR>
<B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>36</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5236"></A><A NAME="I5237"></A>Head (Source : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> String;<BR>
Count : <B>in</B> Natural;<BR>
Justify : <B>in</B> Alignment := Left;<BR>
Pad : <B>in</B> Character := Space);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>37</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> <A NAME="I5238"></A><A NAME="I5239"></A>Tail (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Count : <B>in</B> Natural;<BR>
Pad : <B>in</B> Character := Space)<BR>
<B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>38</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5240"></A><A NAME="I5241"></A>Tail (Source : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> String;<BR>
Count : <B>in</B> Natural;<BR>
Justify : <B>in</B> Alignment := Left;<BR>
Pad : <B>in</B> Character := Space);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>39</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT>--<I>String constructor functions</I></TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>40</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> "*" (Left : <B>in</B> Natural;<BR>
Right : <B>in</B> Character) <B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>41</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> "*" (Left : <B>in</B> Natural;<BR>
Right : <B>in</B> String) <B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>42</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>end</B> Ada.Strings.Fixed;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>43</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> The effects of the above subprograms are as follows.
</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>44</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>procedure</B> Move (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Target : <B>out</B> String;<BR>
Drop : <B>in</B> Truncation := Error;<BR>
Justify : <B>in</B> Alignment := Left;<BR>
Pad : <B>in</B> Character := Space);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>45</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.4em">The Move procedure
copies characters from Source to Target. If Source has the same length
as Target, then the effect is to assign Source to Target. If Source is
shorter than Target then: </DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>46</FONT></DIV>
<UL Class="CodeIndentedBulleted"><LI TYPE=DISC>If Justify=Left, then Source is copied into the first Source'Length
characters of Target.</LI></UL>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>47</FONT></DIV>
<UL Class="CodeIndentedBulleted"><LI TYPE=DISC>If Justify=Right, then Source is copied into the last Source'Length
characters of Target.</LI></UL>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>48</FONT></DIV>
<UL Class="CodeIndentedBulleted"><LI TYPE=DISC>If Justify=Center, then Source is copied into the middle
Source'Length characters of Target. In this case, if the difference in
length between Target and Source is odd, then the extra Pad character
is on the right.</LI></UL>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>49</FONT></DIV>
<UL Class="CodeIndentedBulleted"><LI TYPE=DISC>Pad is copied to each Target character not otherwise assigned.
</LI></UL>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>50</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented">If Source is longer than Target, then the effect
is based on Drop. </DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>51</FONT></DIV>
<UL Class="CodeIndentedBulleted"><LI TYPE=DISC>If Drop=Left, then the rightmost Target'Length characters
of Source are copied into Target.</LI></UL>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>52</FONT></DIV>
<UL Class="CodeIndentedBulleted"><LI TYPE=DISC>If Drop=Right, then the leftmost Target'Length characters
of Source are copied into Target.</LI></UL>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>53</FONT></DIV>
<UL Class="CodeIndentedBulleted" Style="margin-bottom: 0.3em"><LI TYPE=DISC>If Drop=Error, then the effect depends on the value of
the Justify parameter and also on whether any characters in Source other
than Pad would fail to be copied: </LI></UL>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>54</FONT></DIV>
<UL Class="CodeIndentedNestedBulleted"><LI TYPE=DISC>If Justify=Left, and if each of the rightmost Source'Length-Target'Length
characters in Source is Pad, then the leftmost Target'Length characters
of Source are copied to Target.</LI></UL>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>55</FONT></DIV>
<UL Class="CodeIndentedNestedBulleted"><LI TYPE=DISC>If Justify=Right, and if each of the leftmost Source'Length-Target'Length
characters in Source is Pad, then the rightmost Target'Length characters
of Source are copied to Target.</LI></UL>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>56</FONT></DIV>
<UL Class="CodeIndentedNestedBulleted" Style="margin-bottom: 0.7em"><LI TYPE=DISC>Otherwise, Length_Error is propagated. </LI></UL>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>56.a</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Annotations"><FONT SIZE=-1><B>Ramification: </B>The Move
procedure will work even if Source and Target overlap.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>56.b</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Annotations"><FONT SIZE=-1><B>Reason: </B>The order of parameters
(Source before Target) corresponds to the order in COBOL's MOVE verb.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>57</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>function</B> Index (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Pattern : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Going : <B>in</B> Direction := Forward;<BR>
Mapping : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Mapping<BR>
:= Maps.Identity)<BR>
<B>return</B> Natural;<BR>
<BR>
<B>function</B> Index (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Pattern : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Going : <B>in</B> Direction := Forward;<BR>
Mapping : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Mapping_Function)<BR>
<B>return</B> Natural;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>58</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em">Each Index function
searches for a slice of Source, with length Pattern'Length, that matches
Pattern with respect to Mapping; the parameter Going indicates the direction
of the lookup. If Going = Forward, then Index returns the smallest index
I such that the slice of Source starting at I matches Pattern. If Going
= Backward, then Index returns the largest index I such that the slice
of Source starting at I matches Pattern. If there is no such slice, then
0 is returned. If Pattern is the null string then Pattern_Error is propagated.
</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>58.a</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Annotations"><FONT SIZE=-1><B>Discussion: </B>There is no
default value for the Mapping parameter that is a Character_Mapping_Function;
if there were, a call would be ambiguous since there is also a default
for the Mapping parameter that is a Character_Mapping. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>59</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>function</B> Index (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Set : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Set;<BR>
Test : <B>in</B> Membership := Inside;<BR>
Going : <B>in</B> Direction := Forward)<BR>
<B>return</B> Natural;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>60</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em">Index searches
for the first or last occurrence of any of a set of characters (when
Test=Inside), or any of the complement of a set of characters (when Test=Outside).
It returns the smallest index I (if Going=Forward) or the largest index
I (if Going=Backward) such that Source(I) satisfies the Test condition
with respect to Set; it returns 0 if there is no such Character in Source.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>61</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>function</B> Index_Non_Blank (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Going : <B>in</B> Direction := Forward)<BR>
<B>return</B> Natural;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>62</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em">Returns Index(Source,
Maps.To_Set(Space), Outside, Going)</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>63</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>function</B> Count (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Pattern : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Mapping : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Mapping<BR>
:= Maps.Identity)<BR>
<B>return</B> Natural;<BR>
<BR>
<B>function</B> Count (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Pattern : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Mapping : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Mapping_Function)<BR>
<B>return</B> Natural;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>64</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em">Returns the maximum
number of nonoverlapping slices of Source that match Pattern with respect
to Mapping. If Pattern is the null string then Pattern_Error is propagated.
</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>64.a</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Annotations"><FONT SIZE=-1><B>Reason: </B>We say `maximum
number' because it is possible to slice a source string in different
ways yielding different numbers of matches. For example if Source is
"ABABABA" and Pattern is "ABA", then Count yields
2, although there is a partitioning of Source that yields just 1 match,
for the middle slice. Saying `maximum number' is equivalent to saying
that the pattern match starts either at the low index or the high index
position. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>65</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>function</B> Count (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Set : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Set)<BR>
<B>return</B> Natural;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>66</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em">Returns the number
of occurrences in Source of characters that are in Set.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>67</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>procedure</B> Find_Token (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Set : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Set;<BR>
Test : <B>in</B> Membership;<BR>
First : <B>out</B> Positive;<BR>
Last : <B>out</B> Natural);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>68/1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented">{<I><A HREF="defect1.html#8652/0049">8652/0049</A></I>}
Find_Token returns in First and Last the indices of the beginning and
end of the first slice of Source all of whose elements satisfy the Test
condition, and such that the elements (if any) immediately before and
after the slice do not satisfy the Test condition. If no such slice exists,
then the value returned for Last is zero, and the value returned for
First is Source'First<U>; however, if Source'First is not in Positive
then Constraint_Error <A NAME="I5242"></A>is raised</U>.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>69</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em"><TT><B>function</B> Translate (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Mapping : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Mapping)<BR>
<B>return</B> String;<BR>
<BR>
<B>function</B> Translate (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Mapping : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Mapping_Function)<BR>
<B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>70</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em">Returns the string
S whose length is Source'Length and such that S(I) is the character to
which Mapping maps the corresponding element of Source, for I in 1..Source'Length.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>71</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>procedure</B> Translate (Source : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> String;<BR>
Mapping : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Mapping);<BR>
<BR>
<B>procedure</B> Translate (Source : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> String;<BR>
Mapping : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Mapping_Function);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>72</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em">Equivalent to
Source := Translate(Source, Mapping).</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>73</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>function</B> Replace_Slice (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Low : <B>in</B> Positive;<BR>
High : <B>in</B> Natural;<BR>
By : <B>in</B> String)<BR>
<B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>74/1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented">{<I><A HREF="defect1.html#8652/0049">8652/0049</A></I>}
<U></U><S></S>If Low > Source'Last+1, or High < Source'First-1,
then Index_Error is propagated. Otherwise<U>:</U><S>, if High >= Low
then the returned string comprises Source(Source'First..Low-1) &
By & Source(High+1..Source'Last), and if High < Low then the returned
string is Insert(Source, Before=>Low, New_Item=>By).</S></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>74.1/1</FONT></DIV>
<UL Class="CodeIndentedBulleted" Style="margin-bottom: 0.7em"><LI TYPE=DISC>{<I><A HREF="defect1.html#8652/0049">8652/0049</A></I>}
<U>If High >= Low, then the returned string comprises Source(Source'First..Low-1)
& By & Source(High+1..Source'Last), but with lower bound 1.</U></LI></UL>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>74.2/1</FONT></DIV>
<UL Class="CodeIndentedBulleted" Style="margin-bottom: 0.7em"><LI TYPE=DISC>{<I><A HREF="defect1.html#8652/0049">8652/0049</A></I>}
<U>If High < Low, then the returned string is Insert(Source, Before=>Low,
New_Item=>By).</U> </LI></UL>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>75</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>procedure</B> Replace_Slice (Source : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> String;<BR>
Low : <B>in</B> Positive;<BR>
High : <B>in</B> Natural;<BR>
By : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Drop : <B>in</B> Truncation := Error;<BR>
Justify : <B>in</B> Alignment := Left;<BR>
Pad : <B>in</B> Character := Space);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>76</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em">Equivalent to
Move(Replace_Slice(Source, Low, High, By), Source, Drop, Justify, Pad).</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>77</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>function</B> Insert (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Before : <B>in</B> Positive;<BR>
New_Item : <B>in</B> String)<BR>
<B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>78</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em">Propagates Index_Error
if Before is not in Source'First .. Source'Last+1; otherwise returns
Source(Source'First..Before-1) & New_Item & Source(Before..Source'Last),
but with lower bound 1.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>79</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>procedure</B> Insert (Source : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> String;<BR>
Before : <B>in</B> Positive;<BR>
New_Item : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Drop : <B>in</B> Truncation := Error);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>80</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em">Equivalent to
Move(Insert(Source, Before, New_Item), Source, Drop).</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>81</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>function</B> Overwrite (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Position : <B>in</B> Positive;<BR>
New_Item : <B>in</B> String)<BR>
<B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>82</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em">Propagates Index_Error
if Position is not in Source'First .. Source'Last+1; otherwise returns
the string obtained from Source by consecutively replacing characters
starting at Position with corresponding characters from New_Item. If
the end of Source is reached before the characters in New_Item are exhausted,
the remaining characters from New_Item are appended to the string.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>83</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>procedure</B> Overwrite (Source : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> String;<BR>
Position : <B>in</B> Positive;<BR>
New_Item : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Drop : <B>in</B> Truncation := Right);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>84</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em">Equivalent to
Move(Overwrite(Source, Position, New_Item), Source, Drop).</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>85</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>function</B> Delete (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
From : <B>in</B> Positive;<BR>
Through : <B>in</B> Natural)<BR>
<B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>86/1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented">{<I><A HREF="defect1.html#8652/0049">8652/0049</A></I>}
If From <= Through, the returned string is Replace_Slice(Source, From,
Through, ""), otherwise it is Source<U> with lower bound 1</U>.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>87</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em"><TT><B>procedure</B> Delete (Source : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> String;<BR>
From : <B>in</B> Positive;<BR>
Through : <B>in</B> Natural;<BR>
Justify : <B>in</B> Alignment := Left;<BR>
Pad : <B>in</B> Character := Space);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>88</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em">Equivalent to
Move(Delete(Source, From, Through), Source, Justify => Justify, Pad
=> Pad).</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>89</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>function</B> Trim (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Side : <B>in</B> Trim_End)<BR>
<B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>90</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em">Returns the string
obtained by removing from Source all leading Space characters (if Side
= Left), all trailing Space characters (if Side = Right), or all leading
and trailing Space characters (if Side = Both).</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>91</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>procedure</B> Trim (Source : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> String;<BR>
Side : <B>in</B> Trim_End;<BR>
Justify : <B>in</B> Alignment := Left;<BR>
Pad : <B>in</B> Character := Space);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>92</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em">Equivalent to
Move(Trim(Source, Side), Source, Justify=>Justify, Pad=>Pad).</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>93</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>function</B> Trim (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Left : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Set;<BR>
Right : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Set)<BR>
<B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>94</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em">Returns the string
obtained by removing from Source all leading characters in Left and all
trailing characters in Right.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>95</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>procedure</B> Trim (Source : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> String;<BR>
Left : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Set;<BR>
Right : <B>in</B> Maps.Character_Set;<BR>
Justify : <B>in</B> Alignment := Strings.Left;<BR>
Pad : <B>in</B> Character := Space);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>96</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em">Equivalent to
Move(Trim(Source, Left, Right), Source, Justify => Justify, Pad=>Pad).</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>97</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>function</B> Head (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Count : <B>in</B> Natural;<BR>
Pad : <B>in</B> Character := Space)<BR>
<B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>98</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em">Returns a string
of length Count. If Count <= Source'Length, the string comprises the
first Count characters of Source. Otherwise its contents are Source concatenated
with Count-Source'Length Pad characters.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>99</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>procedure</B> Head (Source : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> String;<BR>
Count : <B>in</B> Natural;<BR>
Justify : <B>in</B> Alignment := Left;<BR>
Pad : <B>in</B> Character := Space);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>100</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em">Equivalent to
Move(Head(Source, Count, Pad), Source, Drop=>Error, Justify=>Justify,
Pad=>Pad).</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>101</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>function</B> Tail (Source : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Count : <B>in</B> Natural;<BR>
Pad : <B>in</B> Character := Space)<BR>
<B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>102</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em">Returns a string
of length Count. If Count <= Source'Length, the string comprises the
last Count characters of Source. Otherwise its contents are Count-Source'Length
Pad characters concatenated with Source.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>103</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>procedure</B> Tail (Source : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> String;<BR>
Count : <B>in</B> Natural;<BR>
Justify : <B>in</B> Alignment := Left;<BR>
Pad : <B>in</B> Character := Space);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>104</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.9em">Equivalent to
Move(Tail(Source, Count, Pad), Source, Drop=>Error, Justify=>Justify,
Pad=>Pad).</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>105</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>function</B> "*" (Left : <B>in</B> Natural;<BR>
Right : <B>in</B> Character) <B>return</B> String;<BR>
<BR>
<B>function</B> "*" (Left : <B>in</B> Natural;<BR>
Right : <B>in</B> String) <B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>106/1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="CodeIndented">{<I><A HREF="defect1.html#8652/0049">8652/0049</A></I>}
These functions replicate a character or string a specified number of
times. The first function returns a string whose length is Left and each
of whose elements is Right. The second function returns a string whose
length is Left*Right'Length and whose value is the null string if Left
= 0 and <U>otherwise </U>is (Left-1)*Right & Right <U>with lower
bound 1</U><S>otherwise</S>. </DIV>
<DIV Class="NotesHeader"><FONT SIZE=-1>NOTES</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>107</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Notes"><FONT SIZE=-1>9 In the Index and Count
functions taking Pattern and Mapping parameters, the actual String parameter
passed to Pattern should comprise characters occurring as target characters
of the mapping. Otherwise the pattern will not match.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>108</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Notes"><FONT SIZE=-1>10 In the Insert subprograms,
inserting at the end of a string is obtained by passing Source'Last+1
as the Before parameter.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>109</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Notes"><FONT SIZE=-1>11 <A NAME="I5243"></A>If
a null Character_Mapping_Function is passed to any of the string handling
subprograms, Constraint_Error is propagated. </FONT></DIV>
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