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<H1> B.5 Interfacing with Fortran</H1>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> <A NAME="I6582"></A><A NAME="I6583"></A>The facilities
relevant to interfacing with the Fortran language are the package Interfaces.Fortran
and support for the Import, Export and Convention pragmas with <I>convention</I>_<FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica">identifier</FONT>
Fortran.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>2</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> The package Interfaces.Fortran defines Ada types
whose representations are identical to the default representations of
the Fortran intrinsic types Integer, Real, Double Precision, Complex,
Logical, and Character in a supported Fortran implementation. These Ada
types can therefore be used to pass objects between Ada and Fortran programs.
</DIV>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>Static Semantics</H4>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>3</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal" Style="margin-bottom: 0.4em"> The library package
Interfaces.Fortran has the following declaration: </DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>4</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>with</B> Ada.Numerics.Generic_Complex_Types; <I>-- see <A HREF="AA-G-1-1.html">G.1.1</A></I><BR>
<B>pragma</B> Elaborate_All(Ada.Numerics.Generic_Complex_Types);<BR>
<B>package</B> Interfaces.Fortran <B>is</B><A NAME="I6584"></A><A NAME="I6585"></A><A NAME="I6586"></A><BR>
<B>pragma</B> Pure(Fortran);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>5</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>type</B> <A NAME="I6587"></A><A NAME="I6588"></A>Fortran_Integer <B>is</B> <B>range</B> <I>implementation-defined</I>;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>6</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>type</B> <A NAME="I6589"></A><A NAME="I6590"></A>Real <B>is</B> <B>digits</B> <I>implementation-defined</I>;<BR>
<B>type</B> <A NAME="I6591"></A><A NAME="I6592"></A>Double_Precision <B>is</B> <B>digits</B> <I>implementation-defined</I>;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>7</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>type</B> <A NAME="I6593"></A><A NAME="I6594"></A>Logical <B>is</B> <B>new</B> Boolean;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>8</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>package</B> <A NAME="I6595"></A>Single_Precision_Complex_Types <B>is</B><BR>
<B>new</B> Ada.Numerics.Generic_Complex_Types (Real);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>9</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>type</B> <A NAME="I6596"></A><A NAME="I6597"></A>Complex <B>is</B> <B>new</B> Single_Precision_Complex_Types.Complex;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>10</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>subtype</B> <A NAME="I6598"></A>Imaginary <B>is</B> Single_Precision_Complex_Types.Imaginary;<BR>
<A NAME="I6599"></A>i : Imaginary <B>renames</B> Single_Precision_Complex_Types.i;<BR>
<A NAME="I6600"></A>j : Imaginary <B>renames</B> Single_Precision_Complex_Types.j;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>11</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>type</B> <A NAME="I6601"></A><A NAME="I6602"></A>Character_Set <B>is</B> <I>implementation-defined character type</I>;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>12</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>type</B> <A NAME="I6603"></A><A NAME="I6604"></A>Fortran_Character <B>is</B> <B>array</B> (Positive <B>range</B> <>) <B>of</B> Character_Set;<BR>
<B>pragma</B> Pack (Fortran_Character);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>13</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> <A NAME="I6605"></A><A NAME="I6606"></A>To_Fortran (Item : <B>in</B> Character) <B>return</B> Character_Set;<BR>
<B>function</B> <A NAME="I6607"></A><A NAME="I6608"></A>To_Ada (Item : <B>in</B> Character_Set) <B>return</B> Character;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>14</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> <A NAME="I6609"></A><A NAME="I6610"></A>To_Fortran (Item : <B>in</B> String) <B>return</B> Fortran_Character;<BR>
<B>function</B> <A NAME="I6611"></A><A NAME="I6612"></A>To_Ada (Item : <B>in</B> Fortran_Character) <B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>15</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I6613"></A><A NAME="I6614"></A>To_Fortran (Item : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Target : <B>out</B> Fortran_Character;<BR>
Last : <B>out</B> Natural);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>16</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I6615"></A><A NAME="I6616"></A>To_Ada (Item : <B>in</B> Fortran_Character;<BR>
Target : <B>out</B> String;<BR>
Last : <B>out</B> Natural);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>17</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>end</B> Interfaces.Fortran;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>17.a.1/1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Annotations"><FONT SIZE=-1><B>Implementation defined: </B><U>The
types Fortran_Integer, Real, Double_Precision, and Character_Set in Interfaces.Fortran.</U></FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>17.a</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Annotations"><FONT SIZE=-1><B>Ramification: </B>The means
by which the Complex type is provided in Interfaces.Fortran creates a
dependence of Interfaces.Fortran on Numerics.Generic_Complex_Types (see
<A HREF="AA-G-1-1.html">G.1.1</A>). This dependence is intentional and
unavoidable, if the Fortran-compatible Complex type is to be useful in
Ada code without duplicating facilities defined elsewhere. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>18</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> The types Fortran_Integer, Real, Double_Precision,
Logical, Complex, and Fortran_Character are Fortran-compatible.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>19</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> The To_Fortran and To_Ada functions map between
the Ada type Character and the Fortran type Character_Set, and also between
the Ada type String and the Fortran type Fortran_Character. The To_Fortran
and To_Ada procedures have analogous effects to the string conversion
subprograms found in Interfaces.COBOL. </DIV>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>Implementation Requirements</H4>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>20</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> An implementation shall support <FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica">pragma</FONT>
Convention with a Fortran <I>convention</I>_<FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica">identifier</FONT>
for a Fortran-eligible type (see <A HREF="AA-B-1.html">B.1</A>). </DIV>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>Implementation Permissions</H4>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>21</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> An implementation may add additional declarations
to the Fortran interface packages. For example, the Fortran interface
package for an implementation of Fortran 77 (ANSI X3.9-1978) that defines
types like Integer*<I>n</I>, Real*<I>n</I>, Logical*<I>n</I>, and Complex*<I>n</I>
may contain the declarations of types named Integer_Star_<I>n</I>, Real_Star_<I>n</I>,
Logical_Star_<I>n</I>, and Complex_Star_<I>n</I>. (This convention should
not apply to Character*<I>n</I>, for which the Ada analog is the constrained
array subtype Fortran_Character (1..<I>n</I>).) Similarly, the Fortran
interface package for an implementation of Fortran 90 that provides multiple
<I>kinds</I> of intrinsic types, e.g. Integer (Kind=<I>n</I>), Real (Kind=<I>n</I>),
Logical (Kind=<I>n</I>), Complex (Kind=<I>n</I>), and Character (Kind=<I>n</I>),
may contain the declarations of types with the recommended names Integer_Kind_<I>n</I>,
Real_Kind_<I>n</I>, Logical_Kind_<I>n</I>, Complex_Kind_<I>n</I>, and
Character_Kind_<I>n</I>. </DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>21.a</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Annotations"><FONT SIZE=-1><B>Discussion: </B>Implementations
may add auxiliary declarations as needed to assist in the declarations
of additional Fortran-compatible types. For example, if a double precision
complex type is defined, then Numerics.Generic_Complex_Types may be instantiated
for the double precision type. Similarly, if a wide character type is
defined to match a Fortran 90 wide character type (accessible in Fortran
90 with the Kind modifier), then an auxiliary character set may be declared
to serve as its component type. </FONT></DIV>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>Implementation Advice</H4>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>22</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal" Style="margin-bottom: 0.4em"> An Ada implementation
should support the following interface correspondences between Ada and
Fortran: </DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>23</FONT></DIV>
<UL Class="Bulleted"><LI TYPE=DISC>An Ada procedure corresponds to a Fortran subroutine.</LI></UL>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>24</FONT></DIV>
<UL Class="Bulleted"><LI TYPE=DISC>An Ada function corresponds to a Fortran function.</LI></UL>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>25</FONT></DIV>
<UL Class="Bulleted"><LI TYPE=DISC>An Ada parameter of an elementary, array, or record type
T is passed as a T<SUB><FONT SIZE=+1><FONT SIZE=-2>F</FONT></FONT></SUB>
argument to a Fortran procedure, where T<SUB><FONT SIZE=+1><FONT SIZE=-2>F</FONT></FONT></SUB>
is the Fortran type corresponding to the Ada type T, and where the INTENT
attribute of the corresponding dummy argument matches the Ada formal
parameter mode; the Fortran implementation's parameter passing conventions
are used. For elementary types, a local copy is used if necessary to
ensure by-copy semantics.</LI></UL>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>26</FONT></DIV>
<UL Class="Bulleted"><LI TYPE=DISC>An Ada parameter of an access-to-subprogram type is passed
as a reference to a Fortran procedure whose interface corresponds to
the designated subprogram's specification. </LI></UL>
<DIV Class="NotesHeader"><FONT SIZE=-1>NOTES</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>27</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Notes"><FONT SIZE=-1>17 An object of a Fortran-compatible
record type, declared in a library package or subprogram, can correspond
to a Fortran common block; the type also corresponds to a Fortran ``derived
type''. </FONT></DIV>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>Examples</H4>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>28</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal" Style="margin-bottom: 0.4em"> <I>Example of Interfaces.Fortran:</I>
</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>29</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>with</B> Interfaces.Fortran;<BR>
<B>use</B> Interfaces.Fortran;<BR>
<B>procedure</B> Ada_Application <B>is</B></TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>30</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>type</B> Fortran_Matrix <B>is</B> <B>array</B> (Integer <B>range</B> <>,<BR>
Integer <B>range</B> <>) <B>of</B> Double_Precision;<BR>
<B>pragma</B> Convention (Fortran, Fortran_Matrix); <I>-- stored in Fortran's</I><BR>
<I>-- column-major order</I><BR>
<B>procedure</B> Invert (Rank : <B>in</B> Fortran_Integer; X : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> Fortran_Matrix);<BR>
<B>pragma</B> Import (Fortran, Invert); <I>-- a Fortran subroutine</I></TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>31</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> Rank : <B>constant</B> Fortran_Integer := 100;<BR>
My_Matrix : Fortran_Matrix (1 .. Rank, 1 .. Rank);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>32</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>begin</B></TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>33</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> ...<BR>
My_Matrix := ...;<BR>
...<BR>
Invert (Rank, My_Matrix);<BR>
...</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>34</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>end</B> Ada_Application;</TT></DIV>
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