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<H1> A.12.1 The Package Streams.Stream_IO</H1>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> <A NAME="I5897"></A>The subprograms in the child
package Streams.Stream_IO provide control over stream files. Access to
a stream file is either sequential, via a call on Read or Write to transfer
an array of stream elements, or positional (if supported by the implementation
for the given file), by specifying a relative index for an element. Since
a stream file can be converted to a Stream_Access value, calling stream-oriented
attribute subprograms of different element types with the same Stream_Access
value provides heterogeneous input-output. See <A HREF="RM-13-13.html">13.13</A>
for a general discussion of streams. </DIV>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>Static Semantics</H4>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>1.1/1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> The elements of a stream file are stream elements.
If positioning is supported for the specified external file, a current
index and current size are maintained for the file as described in <A HREF="RM-A-8.html">A.8</A>.
If positioning is not supported, a current index is not maintained, and
the current size is implementation defined.<A NAME="I5898"></A><A NAME="I5899"></A>
</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>2</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal" Style="margin-bottom: 0.4em"> The library package
Streams.Stream_IO has the following declaration: </DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>3</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>with</B> Ada.IO_Exceptions;<A NAME="I5900"></A><A NAME="I5901"></A><A NAME="I5902"></A><BR>
<B>package</B> Ada.Streams.Stream_IO <B>is</B></TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>4</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>type</B> <A NAME="I5903"></A><A NAME="I5904"></A>Stream_Access <B>is</B> <B>access</B> <B>all</B> Root_Stream_Type'Class;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>5</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>type</B> <A NAME="I5905"></A><A NAME="I5906"></A>File_Type <B>is</B> <B>limited</B> <B>private;</B></TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>6</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>type</B> <A NAME="I5907"></A><A NAME="I5908"></A>File_Mode <B>is</B> (In_File, Out_File, Append_File);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>7</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>type</B> <A NAME="I5909"></A><A NAME="I5910"></A>Count <B>is</B> <B>range</B> 0 .. <I>implementation-defined</I>;<BR>
<B>subtype</B> <A NAME="I5911"></A>Positive_Count <B>is</B> Count <B>range</B> 1 .. Count'Last;<BR>
-- <I>Index into file, in stream elements.</I></TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>8</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5912"></A><A NAME="I5913"></A>Create (File : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> File_Type;<BR>
Mode : <B>in</B> File_Mode := Out_File;<BR>
Name : <B>in</B> String := "";<BR>
Form : <B>in</B> String := "");</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>9</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5914"></A><A NAME="I5915"></A>Open (File : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> File_Type;<BR>
Mode : <B>in</B> File_Mode;<BR>
Name : <B>in</B> String;<BR>
Form : <B>in</B> String := "");</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>10</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5916"></A><A NAME="I5917"></A>Close (File : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> File_Type);<BR>
<B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5918"></A><A NAME="I5919"></A>Delete (File : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> File_Type);<BR>
<B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5920"></A><A NAME="I5921"></A>Reset (File : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> File_Type; Mode : <B>in</B> File_Mode);<BR>
<B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5922"></A><A NAME="I5923"></A>Reset (File : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> File_Type);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>11</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> <A NAME="I5924"></A><A NAME="I5925"></A>Mode (File : <B>in</B> File_Type) <B>return</B> File_Mode;<BR>
<B>function</B> <A NAME="I5926"></A><A NAME="I5927"></A>Name (File : <B>in</B> File_Type) <B>return</B> String;<BR>
<B>function</B> <A NAME="I5928"></A><A NAME="I5929"></A>Form (File : <B>in</B> File_Type) <B>return</B> String;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>12</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> <A NAME="I5930"></A><A NAME="I5931"></A>Is_Open (File : <B>in</B> File_Type) <B>return</B> Boolean;<BR>
<B>function</B> <A NAME="I5932"></A><A NAME="I5933"></A>End_Of_File (File : <B>in</B> File_Type) <B>return</B> Boolean;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>13</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> <A NAME="I5934"></A><A NAME="I5935"></A>Stream (File : <B>in</B> File_Type) <B>return</B> Stream_Access;<BR>
-- <I>Return stream access for use with T'Input and T'Output</I></TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>14/1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><FONT SIZE=-1><I>This paragraph was deleted.</I></FONT></TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>15</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> -- <I>Read array of stream elements from file</I><BR>
<B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5936"></A><A NAME="I5937"></A>Read (File : <B>in</B> File_Type;<BR>
Item : <B>out</B> Stream_Element_Array;<BR>
Last : <B>out</B> Stream_Element_Offset;<BR>
From : <B>in</B> Positive_Count);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>16</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5938"></A><A NAME="I5939"></A>Read (File : <B>in</B> File_Type;<BR>
Item : <B>out</B> Stream_Element_Array;<BR>
Last : <B>out</B> Stream_Element_Offset);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>17/1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><FONT SIZE=-1><I>This paragraph was deleted.</I></FONT></TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>18</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> -- <I>Write array of stream elements into file</I><BR>
<B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5940"></A><A NAME="I5941"></A>Write (File : <B>in</B> File_Type;<BR>
Item : <B>in</B> Stream_Element_Array;<BR>
To : <B>in</B> Positive_Count);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>19</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5942"></A><A NAME="I5943"></A>Write (File : <B>in</B> File_Type;<BR>
Item : <B>in</B> Stream_Element_Array);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>20/1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><FONT SIZE=-1><I>This paragraph was deleted.</I></FONT></TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>21</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> -- <I>Operations on position within file</I></TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>22</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5944"></A><A NAME="I5945"></A>Set_Index(File : <B>in</B> File_Type; To : <B>in</B> Positive_Count);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>23</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>function</B> <A NAME="I5946"></A><A NAME="I5947"></A>Index(File : <B>in</B> File_Type) <B>return</B> Positive_Count;<BR>
<B>function</B> <A NAME="I5948"></A><A NAME="I5949"></A>Size (File : <B>in</B> File_Type) <B>return</B> Count;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>24</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5950"></A><A NAME="I5951"></A>Set_Mode(File : <B>in</B> <B>out</B> File_Type; Mode : <B>in</B> File_Mode);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>25/1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> <B>procedure</B> <A NAME="I5952"></A><A NAME="I5953"></A>Flush(File : <B>in</B> File_Type);</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>26</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT> -- <I>exceptions</I><BR>
<A NAME="I5954"></A>Status_Error : <B>exception</B> <B>renames</B> IO_Exceptions.Status_Error;<BR>
<A NAME="I5955"></A>Mode_Error : <B>exception</B> <B>renames</B> IO_Exceptions.Mode_Error;<BR>
<A NAME="I5956"></A>Name_Error : <B>exception</B> <B>renames</B> IO_Exceptions.Name_Error;<BR>
<A NAME="I5957"></A>Use_Error : <B>exception</B> <B>renames</B> IO_Exceptions.Use_Error;<BR>
<A NAME="I5958"></A>Device_Error : <B>exception</B> <B>renames</B> IO_Exceptions.Device_Error;<BR>
<A NAME="I5959"></A>End_Error : <B>exception</B> <B>renames</B> IO_Exceptions.End_Error;<BR>
<A NAME="I5960"></A>Data_Error : <B>exception</B> <B>renames</B> IO_Exceptions.Data_Error;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>27</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Examples"><TT><B>private</B><BR>
... -- <I>not specified by the language</I><BR>
<B>end</B> Ada.Streams.Stream_IO;</TT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>28</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> The subprograms Create, Open, Close, Delete,
Reset, Mode, Name, Form, Is_Open, and End_of_File have the same effect
as the corresponding subprograms in Sequential_IO (see <A HREF="RM-A-8-2.html">A.8.2</A>).</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>28.1/1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> The Set_Mode procedure changes the mode of
the file. If the new mode is Append_File, the file is positioned to its
end; otherwise, the position in the file is unchanged.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>28.2/1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> The Flush procedure synchronizes the external
file with the internal file (by flushing any internal buffers) without
closing the file or changing the position. Mode_Error is propagated if
the mode of the file is In_File.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>29/1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> The Stream function returns a Stream_Access
result from a File_Type object, thus allowing the stream-oriented attributes
Read, Write, Input, and Output to be used on the same file for multiple
types. Stream propagates Status_Error if File is not open.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>30</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> The procedures Read and Write are equivalent
to the corresponding operations in the package Streams. Read propagates
Mode_Error if the mode of File is not In_File. Write propagates Mode_Error
if the mode of File is not Out_File or Append_File. The Read procedure
with a Positive_Count parameter starts reading at the specified index.
The Write procedure with a Positive_Count parameter starts writing at
the specified index.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>30.1/1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> The Size function returns the current size
of the file.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>31/1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> The Index function returns the current index.
</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>32</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> The Set_Index procedure sets the current index
to the specified value.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>32.1/1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal" Style="margin-bottom: 0.4em"> If positioning
is supported for the external file, the current index is maintained as
follows:</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>32.2/1</FONT></DIV>
<UL Class="Bulleted"><LI TYPE=DISC>For Open and Create, if the Mode parameter is Append_File,
the current index is set to the current size of the file plus one; otherwise,
the current index is set to one.</LI></UL>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>32.3/1</FONT></DIV>
<UL Class="Bulleted"><LI TYPE=DISC>For Reset, if the Mode parameter is Append_File, or no
Mode parameter is given and the current mode is Append_File, the current
index is set to the current size of the file plus one; otherwise, the
current index is set to one.</LI></UL>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>32.4/1</FONT></DIV>
<UL Class="Bulleted"><LI TYPE=DISC>For Set_Mode, if the new mode is Append_File, the current
index is set to current size plus one; otherwise, the current index is
unchanged.</LI></UL>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>32.5/1</FONT></DIV>
<UL Class="Bulleted"><LI TYPE=DISC>For Read and Write without a Positive_Count parameter,
the current index is incremented by the number of stream elements read
or written.</LI></UL>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>32.6/1</FONT></DIV>
<UL Class="Bulleted"><LI TYPE=DISC>For Read and Write with a Positive_Count parameter, the
value of the current index is set to the value of the Positive_Count
parameter plus the number of stream elements read or written. </LI></UL>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>33</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> If positioning is not supported for the given
file, then a call of Index or Set_Index propagates Use_Error. Similarly,
a call of Read or Write with a Positive_Count parameter propagates Use_Error.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>34/1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> <FONT SIZE=-1><I>This paragraph was deleted.</I></FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>35/1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> <FONT SIZE=-1><I>This paragraph was deleted.</I></FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>36/1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> <FONT SIZE=-1><I>This paragraph was deleted.</I></FONT></DIV>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>Erroneous Execution</H4>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>36.1/1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> <A NAME="I5961"></A>If the File_Type object
passed to the Stream function is later closed or finalized, and the stream-oriented
attributes are subsequently called (explicitly or implicitly) on the
Stream_Access value returned by Stream, execution is erroneous. This
rule applies even if the File_Type object was opened again after it had
been closed. </DIV>
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