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<H1> C.6 Shared Variable Control</H1>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>1</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> This clause specifies representation pragmas that
control the use of shared variables. </DIV>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>Syntax</H4>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>2</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="SyntaxIndented" Style="margin-bottom: 0.2em">The form for
pragmas Atomic, Volatile, Atomic_Components, and Volatile_Components
is as follows: </DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>3</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="SyntaxIndented"> <B>pragma</B> <A NAME="I6416"></A>Atomic(<A NAME="I6417"></A><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica">local_name</FONT>);</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>4</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="SyntaxIndented"> <B>pragma</B> <A NAME="I6418"></A>Volatile(<A NAME="I6419"></A><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica">local_name</FONT>);</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>5</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="SyntaxIndented"> <B>pragma</B> <A NAME="I6420"></A>Atomic_Components(<I>array_</I><A NAME="I6421"></A><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica">local_name</FONT>);</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>6</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="SyntaxIndented"> <B>pragma</B> <A NAME="I6422"></A>Volatile_Components(<I>array_</I><A NAME="I6423"></A><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica">local_name</FONT>);</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>7</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> <A NAME="I6424"></A>An <I>atomic</I> type is one
to which a pragma Atomic applies. An <I>atomic</I> object (including
a component) is one to which a pragma Atomic applies, or a component
of an array to which a pragma Atomic_Components applies, or any object
of an atomic type.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>8</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> <A NAME="I6425"></A>A <I>volatile</I> type is
one to which a pragma Volatile applies. A <I>volatile</I> object (including
a component) is one to which a pragma Volatile applies, or a component
of an array to which a pragma Volatile_Components applies, or any object
of a volatile type. In addition, every atomic type or object is also
defined to be volatile. Finally, if an object is volatile, then so are
all of its subcomponents (the same does not apply to atomic). </DIV>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>Name Resolution Rules</H4>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>9</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> The <FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica">local_name</FONT>
in an Atomic or Volatile pragma shall resolve to denote either an <FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica">object_declaration</FONT>,
a non-inherited <FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica">component_declaration</FONT>,
or a <FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica">full_type_declaration</FONT>. The
<I>array_</I><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica">local_name</FONT> in an Atomic_Components
or Volatile_Components pragma shall resolve to denote the declaration
of an array type or an array object of an anonymous type.</DIV>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>Legality Rules</H4>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>10</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> <A NAME="I6426"></A>It is illegal to apply either
an Atomic or Atomic_Components pragma to an object or type if the implementation
cannot support the indivisible reads and updates required by the pragma
(see below).</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>11</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> It is illegal to specify the Size attribute of
an atomic object, the Component_Size attribute for an array type with
atomic components, or the layout attributes of an atomic component, in
a way that prevents the implementation from performing the required indivisible
reads and updates.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>12</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> If an atomic object is passed as a parameter,
then the type of the formal parameter shall either be atomic or allow
pass by copy (that is, not be a nonatomic by-reference type). If an atomic
object is used as an actual for a generic formal object of mode <B>in
out</B>, then the type of the generic formal object shall be atomic.
If the <FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica">prefix</FONT> of an <FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica">attribute_reference</FONT>
for an Access attribute denotes an atomic object (including a component),
then the designated type of the resulting access type shall be atomic.
If an atomic type is used as an actual for a generic formal derived type,
then the ancestor of the formal type shall be atomic or allow pass by
copy. Corresponding rules apply to volatile objects and types.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>13</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> If a pragma Volatile, Volatile_Components, Atomic,
or Atomic_Components applies to a stand-alone constant object, then a
pragma Import shall also apply to it. </DIV>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>Static Semantics</H4>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>14</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> <A NAME="I6427"></A><A NAME="I6428"></A><A NAME="I6429"></A><A NAME="I6430"></A><A NAME="I6431"></A><A NAME="I6432"></A><A NAME="I6433"></A><A NAME="I6434"></A>These
<FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica">pragma</FONT>s are representation pragmas
(see <A HREF="RM-13-1.html">13.1</A>).</DIV>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>Dynamic Semantics</H4>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>15</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> For an atomic object (including an atomic component)
all reads and updates of the object as a whole are indivisible.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>16</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> For a volatile object all reads and updates of
the object as a whole are performed directly to memory. </DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>17</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> <A NAME="I6435"></A>Two actions are sequential
(see <A HREF="RM-9-10.html">9.10</A>) if each is the read or update of
the same atomic object.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>18</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> <A NAME="I6436"></A>If a type is atomic or volatile
and it is not a by-copy type, then the type is defined to be a by-reference
type. If any subcomponent of a type is atomic or volatile, then the type
is defined to be a by-reference type.</DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>19</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> If an actual parameter is atomic or volatile,
and the corresponding formal parameter is not, then the parameter is
passed by copy. </DIV>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>Implementation Requirements</H4>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>20</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> <A NAME="I6437"></A>The external effect of a
program (see <A HREF="RM-1-1-3.html">1.1.3</A>) is defined to include
each read and update of a volatile or atomic object. The implementation
shall not generate any memory reads or updates of atomic or volatile
objects other than those specified by the program. </DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>21</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Normal"> If a pragma Pack applies to a type any of whose
subcomponents are atomic, the implementation shall not pack the atomic
subcomponents more tightly than that for which it can support indivisible
reads and updates. </DIV>
<DIV Class="NotesHeader"><FONT SIZE=-1>NOTES</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Paranum"><FONT SIZE=-2>22</FONT></DIV>
<DIV Class="Notes"><FONT SIZE=-1>9 An imported volatile or
atomic constant behaves as a constant (i.e. read-only) with respect to
other parts of the Ada program, but can still be modified by an ``external
source.''</FONT></DIV>
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