1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
|
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!-- X-URL: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html -->
<!-- Date: Wed, 12 Feb 2003 08:31:23 GMT -->
<!-- Last-Modified: Sat, 10 Aug 2002 07:06:19 GMT -->
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta content="HTML Tidy for Linux/x86 (vers 1st March 2003), see www.w3.org"
name="generator" />
<base href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html" />
<title></title>
<title>GNU General Public License - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation (FSF)</title>
<link rev="made" href="mailto:webmasters@www.gnu.org" />
<style type="text/css">
/*<![CDATA[*/
body {
background-color: #FFFFFF;
color: #000000;
}
:link { color: #1F00FF }
:visited { color: #9900DD }
:active { color: #FF0000 }
/*]]>*/
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>GNU General Public
License</h1><a href="/graphics/philosophicalgnu.html"><img src="/graphics/philosophical-gnu-sm.jpg"
alt=" [image of a Philosophical GNU] " width="160"
height="200" /></a> <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical -->
<!-- tower, gpl.ja.html is Japanese translation of THIS PAGE, -->
<!-- NOT translation of GPL itself(gpl.ja.html contains the original -->
<!-- English version). So please do not remove the following. -->
<!-- Thanks -mhatta -->
<!-- The same for the Czech page. The entire text of GPL is not -->
<!-- translated on this page. Thanks Sisao -->
[ <a href="/licenses/gpl.cs.html">Czech</a> |
<a href="/licenses/gpl.html">English</a> |
<a href="/licenses/gpl.ja.html">Japanese</a> ]
<!-- It is best to not enumerate the translations here in a menu bar, -->
<!-- It is best to have the users follow this link, so they have the FSF' -->
<!-- explanation about translations being unofficial, etc. -->
<ul>
<li><a href="/licenses/gpl-violation.html"><em>What to do if you
see a possible GPL violation</em></a></li>
<li><a href="/licenses/translations.html"><em>Translations of the
GPL</em></a></li>
<li><a href="/licenses/gpl-faq.html"><em>GPL Frequently Asked
Questions</em></a></li>
<li>The GNU General Public License (GPL)
<a href="/licenses/gpl.txt">in plain text format</a></li>
<li>The GNU General Public License (GPL)
<a href="/licenses/gpl.texi">in Texinfo format</a></li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<a name="TOC1" href="gpl.html#SEC1" id="TOC1">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC
LICENSE</a>
<ul>
<li><a name="TOC2" href="gpl.html#SEC2"
id="TOC2">Preamble</a></li>
<li><a name="TOC3" href="gpl.html#SEC3" id="TOC3">TERMS AND
CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION</a></li>
<li><a name="TOC4" href="gpl.html#SEC4" id="TOC4">How to Apply
These Terms to Your New Programs</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2><a name="SEC1" href="gpl.html#TOC1" id="SEC1">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC
LICENSE</a></h2>
<p>Version 2, June 1991</p>
<pre>
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
</pre>
<h2><a name="SEC2" href="gpl.html#TOC2" id="SEC2">Preamble</a></h2>
<p>The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change
free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.
This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit
to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered
by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it
to your programs, too.</p>
<p>When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge
for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can
get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces
of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these
things.</p>
<p>To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the
rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for
you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify
it.</p>
<p>For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
rights.</p>
<p>We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software,
and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to
copy, distribute and/or modify the software.</p>
<p>Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make
certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this
free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed
on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the
original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect
on the original authors' reputations.</p>
<p>Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making
the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that
any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed
at all.</p>
<p>The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.</p>
<h2><a name="SEC3" href="gpl.html#TOC3" id="SEC3">TERMS AND
CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION</a></h2>
<p><strong>0.</strong> This License applies to any program or other
work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it
may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License.
The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work
based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work
under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or
a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or
translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is
included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each
licensee is addressed as "you".</p>
<p>Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are
not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the
Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on
the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.</p>
<p><strong>1.</strong> You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of
the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided
that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an
appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact
all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any
warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this
License along with the Program.</p>
<p>You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for
a fee.</p>
<p><strong>2.</strong> You may modify your copy or copies of the
Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the
Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the
terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these
conditions:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>a)</strong> You must cause the modified files to carry
prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date
of any change.</li>
<li><strong>b)</strong> You must cause any work that you distribute
or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from
the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no
charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.</li>
<li><strong>c)</strong> If the modified program normally reads
commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started
running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print
or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright
notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that
you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program
under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of
this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
the Program is not required to print an announcement.)</li>
</ul>These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote
it.
<p>Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or
contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the
intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of
derivative or collective works based on the Program.</p>
<p>In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the
Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a
volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other
work under the scope of this License.</p>
<p><strong>3.</strong> You may copy and distribute the Program (or a
work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form
under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do
one of the following:
<!-- we use this doubled UL to get the sub-sections indented, -->
<!-- while making the bullets as unobvious as possible. -->
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>a)</strong> Accompany it with the complete
corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
customarily used for software interchange; or,</li>
<li><strong>b)</strong> Accompany it with a written offer, valid
for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no
more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a
complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to
be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a
medium customarily used for software interchange; or,</li>
<li><strong>c)</strong> Accompany it with the information you
received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code.
(This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution
and only if you received the program in object code or executable
form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)</li>
</ul>The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work
for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete
source code means all the source code for all modules it contains,
plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used
to control compilation and installation of the executable. However,
as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include
anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
itself accompanies the executable.
<p>If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.</p>
<p><strong>4.</strong> You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or
distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this
License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or
distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your
rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,
or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.</p>
<p><strong>5.</strong> You are not required to accept this License,
since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you
permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative
works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this
License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any
work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this
License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying,
distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.</p>
<p><strong>6.</strong> Each time you redistribute the Program (or any
work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a
license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the
Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any
further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights
granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by
third parties to this License.</p>
<p><strong>7.</strong> If, as a consequence of a court judgment or
allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not
limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by
court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions
of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this
License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously
your obligations under this License and any other pertinent
obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program
at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit
royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive
copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you
could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely
from distribution of the Program.</p>
<p>If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable
under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is
intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in
other circumstances.</p>
<p>It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe
any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of
any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is
willing to distribute software through any other system and a
licensee cannot impose that choice.</p>
<p>This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed
to be a consequence of the rest of this License.</p>
<p><strong>8.</strong> If the distribution and/or use of the Program
is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by
copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the
Program under this License may add an explicit geographical
distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that
distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus
excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as
if written in the body of this License.</p>
<p><strong>9.</strong> The Free Software Foundation may publish
revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time
to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present
version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or
concerns.</p>
<p>Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to
it and "any later version", you have the option of following the
terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version
published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not
specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version
ever published by the Free Software Foundation.</p>
<p><strong>10.</strong> If you wish to incorporate parts of the
Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are
different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software
which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the
Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our
decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free
status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the
sharing and reuse of software generally.</p>
<p><strong>NO WARRANTY</strong></p>
<p><strong>11.</strong> BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF
CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED
BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE
COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS"
WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING,
BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY
AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE
DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR
CORRECTION.</p>
<p><strong>12.</strong> IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW
OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY
WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE
THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING
RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A
FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF
SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.</p>
<h2>END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS</h2>
<h2><a name="SEC4" href="gpl.html#TOC4" id="SEC4">How to Apply These
Terms to Your New Programs</a></h2>
<p>If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the
greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is
to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change
under these terms.</p>
<p>To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is
safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most
effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should
have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full
notice is found.</p>
<pre>
<var>one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.</var>
Copyright (C) <var>yyyy</var> <var>name of author</var>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
</pre>
<p>Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
mail.</p>
<p>If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like
this when it starts in an interactive mode:</p>
<pre>
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>name of author</var>
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome
to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'
for details.
</pre>
<p>The hypothetical commands <samp>`show w'</samp> and <samp>`show
c'</samp> should show the appropriate parts of the General Public
License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something
other than <samp>`show w'</samp> and <samp>`show c'</samp>; they
could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your
program.</p>
<p>You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the
program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:</p>
<pre>
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
interest in the program `Gnomovision'
(which makes passes at compilers) written
by James Hacker.
<var>signature of Ty Coon</var>, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
</pre>
<p>This General Public License does not permit incorporating your
program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine
library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking
proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want
to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this
License.</p>
<hr />
Return to <a href="/home.html">GNU's home page</a>.
<p>FSF & GNU inquiries & questions to
<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><em>gnu@gnu.org</em></a>. Other
<a href="/home.html#ContactInfo">ways to contact</a> the FSF.</p>
<p>Comments on these web pages to
<a href="mailto:webmasters@www.gnu.org"><em>webmasters@www.gnu.org</em></a>,
send other questions to
<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><em>gnu@gnu.org</em></a>.</p>
<p>Copyright notice above.<br />
Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston,
MA 02111, USA</p>
<p>Updated: <!-- hhmts start -->
Last modified: Sun Jul 15 13:13:30 CEST 2001 <!-- hhmts end -->
</p>
<hr />
</body>
</html>
|
