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<a name="4422">
</a><h3>C Interface Examples</h3>
<p><a name="4424">
</a>The following examples provide an introduction to the AOLserver C API. More examples are provided in the "<a href="c-app.htm#3527">C Examples</a>" appendix on <a href="c-app.htm#3527">page 485</a>.</p>
<a name="4426">
</a><h4>"Hello World" in AOLserver C</h4>
<p><a name="4428">
</a>The first example is analogous to the Hello World Tcl script example.</p>
<a name="157391">
</a><h5>Hello World in C:</h5>
<ol>
<li>In your favorite editor, create the <code>hello.c</code> file with the following content. (You can also find this example in the <code>examples/c/hello</code> directory.)
<a name="157392">
</a><p>
</ol>
<pre> <a name="157393"></a>
<a name="22250"></a>#include "ns.h"
<a name="166411"></a>
<a name="22251"></a>static Ns_OpProc Hello;
<a name="166406"></a>
<a name="166415"></a>int Ns_ModuleVersion = 1;
<a name="166416"></a>
<a name="166419"></a>int
<a name="22253"></a>Ns_ModuleInit(char *hServer, char *hModule)
<a name="22254"></a>{
<a name="22255"></a> Ns_RegisterRequest(hServer, "GET", "/HelloWorld", Hello,
<a name="157385"></a> NULL, NULL, 0);
<a name="166401"></a> return NS_OK;
<a name="22256"></a>}
<a name="22257"></a>
<a name="166420"></a>static int
<a name="22258"></a>Hello(Ns_OpContext context, Ns_Conn *conn)
<a name="22259"></a>{
<a name="22260"></a> char html[] = "<HTML><BODY>Hello World!</BODY></HTML>";
<a name="22261"></a> return Ns_ConnReturnHtml(conn, 200, html, strlen(html));
<a name="22262"></a>}
</pre><p><ol>
<li>Compile the module as described in the platform-specific instructions given above.
<a name="4466">
</a><p>
<li>Copy the compiled module to the bin subdirectory of the AOLserver directory.
<a name="4468">
</a><p>
<li>Enter the following entry to the Modules section of the AOLserver configuration file (normally the nsd.ini file in the AOLserver home directory):
<a name="4470">
</a><p>
<pre> <a name="4472"></a>hello=hello.so
</pre><p><li>Stop and restart the server. The AOLserver loads the hello.so module on startup and invokes the HelloWorldInit function. The HelloWorldInit procedure registers the Hello function to handle the /HelloWorld URL.
<a name="4474">
</a><p>
</ol>
<p><a name="4476">
</a>After restarting the AOLserver with the hello.so module, you can open the /HelloWorld module in any browser and receive a short "Hello World" message.</p>
<a name="27555">
</a><h4>An AOLserver Statistics Module</h4>
<p><a name="27565">
</a>The following example is a an example C module that maintains statistics on the number of connections and bytes sent by a server. The example exists in the <code>examples/c/stats</code> directory under the AOLserver home directory.</p>
<pre> <a name="27562"></a>
<a name="27574"></a>/*
<a name="27580"></a> * stat.c - Example C module.
<a name="27581"></a> *
<a name="27582"></a> * This example incorporates many of the features of the
<a name="28037"></a> * AOLserver C API in a single simple, but useful, statistics
<a name="28040"></a> * gathering module.
<a name="27584"></a> * The module maitains statistics on the number of connections and
<a name="27585"></a> * bytes sent by a server. The data is stored in a simple
<a name="27586"></a> * 'StatContext' structure which is allocated when the module is
<a name="27587"></a> * loaded. The StatContext stores the current, last, and total
<a name="28041"></a> * numbers and is updated after each connection by the 'StatTrace'
<a name="28044"></a> * connection trace procedure. At a regular interval (the
<a name="28047"></a> * interval in seconds is configurable), the 'StatUpdate'
<a name="28050"></a> * funcation is called to log the current and total number to the
<a name="28053"></a> * AOLserver log file and then makes the current data the last
<a name="28211"></a> * data. Access to these data is provided in two forms:
<a name="27594"></a> *
<a name="27595"></a> * 1. A simple C request function, 'StatRequest', will return the
<a name="27596"></a> * current data as a simple notice page. The StatRequest function
<a name="27597"></a> * is registered at the GET /NS/Stat URL of the server.
<a name="27598"></a> *
<a name="27599"></a> * 2. The 'ns_stat' Tcl command is added to each Tcl interpreter
<a name="27600"></a> * of the server interpreter pool. This allows a Tcl
<a name="28212"></a> * script to access the current, last, or total data at any time.
<a name="27602"></a> *
<a name="27603"></a> * Because the AOLserver is completely multithreaded, the
<a name="28219"></a> * statistics data can be updated and queried simultaneously. An
<a name="28222"></a> * Ns_Mutex is included in the ServerContext structure to keep
<a name="28229"></a> * multiple threads from accessing the data at the same time.
<a name="27607"></a> *
<a name="27608"></a> * Finally, on shutdown, the 'StatShutdown' function is called to
<a name="27609"></a> * print out a final tally and clean up the ServerContext
<a name="28251"></a> * structure.
<a name="27610"></a> *
<a name="27611"></a> * Note that all the features of this module are specific to the
<a name="27612"></a> * server it is loaded into. The server handle,
<a name="28252"></a> * 'hServer', is used to makes sure the trace, request, Tcl
<a name="28255"></a> * command, and shutdown functions are all run in the context of
<a name="28258"></a> * the single server.
<a name="28261"></a> * Other virtaul servers may ignore or load the
<a name="27616"></a> * stat module as well and the AOLserver guarantees the data
<a name="27617"></a> * will be keep separate for each server.
<a name="27618"></a> *
<a name="27621"></a> */
<a name="27622"></a>
<a name="27623"></a>
<a name="27624"></a>
<a name="27625"></a>#include "ns.h"
<a name="27626"></a>#include "nstcl.h"
<a name="27627"></a>
<a name="27628"></a>/*
<a name="27629"></a> * The default statistics update interval is 1 minute or 60
<a name="28262"></a> * seconds.
<a name="27630"></a> */
<a name="27631"></a>#define DEFAULT_INTERVAL 60
<a name="27632"></a>
<a name="27633"></a>/*
<a name="27634"></a> * Definitions of the StatContext structure which is allocated
<a name="27635"></a> * on a per-server basis.
<a name="27636"></a> */
<a name="27637"></a>typedef struct {
<a name="27638"></a> int bytes;
<a name="27639"></a> int conns;
<a name="27640"></a>} StatData;
<a name="27641"></a>
<a name="27642"></a>typedef struct {
<a name="27643"></a> Ns_Mutex lock;
<a name="27644"></a> int interval;
<a name="27645"></a> char *hServer;
<a name="27646"></a> StatData current;
<a name="27647"></a> StatData last;
<a name="27648"></a> StatData total;
<a name="27649"></a>} StatContext;
<a name="27650"></a>
<a name="27651"></a>
<a name="27652"></a>/*
<a name="27653"></a> * Forward declarations of functions which will be referenced
<a name="27654"></a> * in the stat module initialization function.
<a name="27655"></a> */
<a name="27656"></a>static Tcl_CmdProc StatCmd;
<a name="27657"></a>static Ns_TclInterpInitProc StatTclInit;
<a name="27658"></a>static Ns_TraceProc StatTrace;
<a name="27659"></a>static Ns_Callback StatUpdate;
<a name="27660"></a>static Ns_Callback StatShutdown;
<a name="27661"></a>static Ns_OpProc StatRequest;
<a name="27662"></a>
<a name="27663"></a>/*
<a name="27664"></a> * The Ns_ModuleVersion exported integer is used to verify
<a name="27665"></a> * this module version when loaded. For AOLserver 3.0,
<a name="27666"></a> * 1 (one) is the only valid value for this variable.
<a name="27667"></a> */
<a name="27668"></a>int Ns_ModuleVersion = 1;
<a name="27669"></a>
<a name="27670"></a>/*
<a name="27671"></a> * The Ns_ModuleInit function is the function the AOLserver
<a name="27672"></a> * will call each time the module is loaded into a
<a name="27673"></a> * server. The function is passed two parameters:
<a name="27674"></a> *
<a name="27675"></a> * hServer: The server 'handle' as a string. This is the
<a name="27676"></a> * short name given to the virutal server such
<a name="27677"></a> * as 'server1'.
<a name="27678"></a> *
<a name="27679"></a> * hModule: The module 'handle' as a string. This is the
<a name="27680"></a> * short name given to the module such as 'stat'
<a name="27681"></a> *
<a name="27682"></a> * For example, if this module is known as 'stat' and loaded
<a name="27683"></a> * into the 'server1' server with entries similar to the following
<a name="27684"></a> * in the nsd.ini file:
<a name="27685"></a> *
<a name="27686"></a> * [ns/servers]
<a name="27687"></a> * server1=My First Server
<a name="27688"></a> *
<a name="27689"></a> * [ns/server1/modules]
<a name="27690"></a> * stat=stat.dll
<a name="27691"></a> *
<a name="27692"></a> * This function would be called with "server1" and "stat" as
<a name="27693"></a> * its arguments.
<a name="27694"></a> *
<a name="27695"></a> */
<a name="27696"></a>int
<a name="27697"></a>Ns_ModuleInit(char *hServer, char *hModule)
<a name="27698"></a>{
<a name="27699"></a> char *configPath;
<a name="27700"></a> StatContext *ctx;
<a name="27701"></a>
<a name="27702"></a>
<a name="27703"></a> /*
<a name="27704"></a> * Create and initalize the statistics context.
<a name="27705"></a> */
<a name="27706"></a> ctx = Ns_Malloc(sizeof(StatContext));
<a name="27707"></a> Ns_InitializeMutex(&ctx->lock);
<a name="27708"></a> ctx->hServer = hServer;
<a name="27709"></a> ctx->current.bytes = 0;
<a name="27710"></a> ctx->current.conns = 0;
<a name="27711"></a> ctx->last.bytes = 0;
<a name="27712"></a> ctx->last.conns = 0;
<a name="27713"></a> ctx->total.bytes = 0;
<a name="27714"></a> ctx->total.conns = 0;
<a name="27715"></a>
<a name="27716"></a> /*
<a name="27717"></a> * Determine the statistics interval from the config file.
<a name="27718"></a> * The Ns_ConfigGetPath function will expand to the
<a name="27719"></a> * 'server module specific' configuration section, e.g.,
<a name="27720"></a> * [ns/server1/module/stat].
<a name="27721"></a> */
<a name="27722"></a> configPath = Ns_ConfigGetPath(hServer, hModule, NULL);
<a name="27723"></a> if (!Ns_ConfigGetInt(configPath, "Interval",
<a name="28263"></a> &ctx->interval))
<a name="28264"></a> {
<a name="27724"></a> ctx->interval = DEFAULT_INTERVAL;
<a name="27725"></a> }
<a name="27726"></a>
<a name="27727"></a> /*
<a name="27728"></a> * Register the trace to accumulate the statistics.
<a name="27729"></a> */
<a name="27730"></a> Ns_RegisterServerTrace(hServer, StatTrace, ctx);
<a name="27731"></a>
<a name="27732"></a> /*
<a name="27733"></a> * Register the statistics update function to run at
<a name="27734"></a> * regular intervals.
<a name="27735"></a> */
<a name="27736"></a> Ns_ScheduleProc(StatUpdate, ctx, 0, ctx->interval);
<a name="27737"></a>
<a name="27738"></a> /*
<a name="27739"></a> * Add the GET /NS/Stat request function.
<a name="27740"></a> */
<a name="27741"></a> Ns_RegisterRequest(hServer, "GET", "/NS/Stat", StatRequest,
<a name="28269"></a> NULL, ctx, 0);
<a name="27742"></a>
<a name="27743"></a> /*
<a name="27744"></a> * Add the Tcl "ns_stat" command to the interpreter pool.
<a name="27745"></a> * Note how the context is passed to StatTclInit which
<a name="27746"></a> * then passes it to the Tcl_CreateCommand function.
<a name="27747"></a> */
<a name="27748"></a> Ns_TclInitInterps(hServer, StatTclInit, ctx);
<a name="27749"></a>
<a name="27750"></a> /*
<a name="27751"></a> * Register the statistics shutdown procedure which
<a name="27752"></a> * cleans up the context on server shutdown.
<a name="27753"></a> */
<a name="27754"></a> Ns_RegisterServerShutdown(hServer, StatShutdown, ctx);
<a name="27755"></a>
<a name="27756"></a> return NS_OK;
<a name="27757"></a>}
<a name="27758"></a>
<a name="27759"></a>
<a name="27760"></a>/*
<a name="27761"></a> * StatTrace is called after each connection and accumulates the
<a name="27762"></a> * statistics.
<a name="27763"></a> */
<a name="27764"></a>static void
<a name="27765"></a>StatTrace(void *ctx, Ns_Conn *conn)
<a name="27766"></a>{
<a name="27767"></a> StatContext *sc;
<a name="27768"></a> int bytes;
<a name="27769"></a>
<a name="27770"></a> sc = (StatContext *) ctx;
<a name="27771"></a> Ns_LockMutex(&sc->lock);
<a name="27772"></a> bytes = Ns_ConnResponseLength(conn);
<a name="27773"></a> sc->current.bytes += bytes;
<a name="27774"></a> sc->total.bytes += bytes;
<a name="27775"></a> ++sc->current.conns;
<a name="27776"></a> ++sc->total.conns;
<a name="27777"></a> Ns_UnlockMutex(&sc->lock);
<a name="27778"></a>}
<a name="27779"></a>
<a name="27780"></a>
<a name="27781"></a>/*
<a name="27782"></a> * StatUpdate aggregates the statistics and logs the data to
<a name="27783"></a> * the AOLserver server log.
<a name="27784"></a> */
<a name="27785"></a>static void
<a name="27786"></a>StatUpdate(void *ctx)
<a name="27787"></a>{
<a name="27788"></a> StatContext *sc;
<a name="27789"></a>
<a name="27790"></a> sc = (StatContext *) ctx;
<a name="27791"></a>
<a name="27792"></a> Ns_LockMutex(&sc->lock);
<a name="27793"></a> Ns_Log(Notice, "StatUpdate(%s): Last: conns %d, bytes %d
<a name="28270"></a> Total: conns %d, bytes %d",
<a name="27794"></a> sc->hServer, sc->current.conns, sc->current.bytes,
<a name="27795"></a> sc->total.conns, sc->total.bytes);
<a name="27796"></a> sc->last.conns = sc->current.conns;
<a name="27797"></a> sc->last.bytes = sc->current.bytes;
<a name="27798"></a> sc->current.conns = 0;
<a name="27799"></a> sc->current.bytes = 0;
<a name="27800"></a> Ns_UnlockMutex(&sc->lock);
<a name="27801"></a>}
<a name="27802"></a>
<a name="27803"></a>
<a name="27804"></a>/*
<a name="27805"></a> * StatTclInit is called once for each Tcl interpreter
<a name="27806"></a> * in the virutal server's Tcl interpreter pool.
<a name="27807"></a> */
<a name="27808"></a>static int
<a name="27809"></a>StatTclInit(Tcl_Interp *interp, void *ctx)
<a name="27810"></a>{
<a name="27811"></a> Tcl_CreateCommand(interp, "ns_stat", StatCmd, ctx, NULL);
<a name="27812"></a> return NS_OK;
<a name="27813"></a>}
<a name="27814"></a>
<a name="27815"></a>
<a name="27816"></a>/*
<a name="27817"></a> * StatCmd implements the Tcl "ns_stat" command.
<a name="27818"></a> */
<a name="27819"></a>static int
<a name="27820"></a>StatCmd(ClientData ctx, Tcl_Interp *interp, int argc,
<a name="28271"></a> char **argv)
<a name="27821"></a>{
<a name="27822"></a> StatContext *sc;
<a name="27823"></a> StatData *sd;
<a name="27824"></a>
<a name="27825"></a> sc = (StatContext *) ctx;
<a name="27826"></a> if (argc != 2) {
<a name="27827"></a> Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "wrong # args: should be \"",
<a name="27828"></a> argv[0], " command\"", NULL);
<a name="27829"></a> return TCL_ERROR;
<a name="27830"></a> }
<a name="27831"></a> if (strcmp(argv[1], "current") == 0) {
<a name="27832"></a> sd = &sc->current;
<a name="27833"></a> } else if (strcmp(argv[1], "last") == 0) {
<a name="27834"></a> sd = &sc->last;
<a name="27835"></a> } else if (strcmp(argv[1], "total") == 0) {
<a name="27836"></a> sd = &sc->total;
<a name="27837"></a> } else {
<a name="27838"></a> Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "unknown command \"",
<a name="27839"></a> argv[1], "\": should be current, last, or total",
<a name="28272"></a> NULL);
<a name="27840"></a> return TCL_ERROR;
<a name="27841"></a> }
<a name="27842"></a>
<a name="27843"></a> Ns_LockMutex(&sc->lock);
<a name="27844"></a> sprintf(interp->result, "%d %d", sd->conns, sd->bytes);
<a name="27845"></a> Ns_UnlockMutex(&sc->lock);
<a name="27846"></a> return TCL_OK;
<a name="27847"></a>}
<a name="27848"></a>
<a name="27849"></a>
<a name="27850"></a>/*
<a name="27851"></a> * StatRequest is a simple AOLserver request function which
<a name="28273"></a> * returns the current data in a simple HTML page. The page is
<a name="28276"></a> * generated with the Ns_ConnReturnNotice() function which is
<a name="28287"></a> * used throughout the AOLserver to generate simple HTML page
<a name="28290"></a> * responses with the AOLserver banner logo.
<a name="28301"></a> * Ns_ConnReturnNotice() takes a string as
<a name="27856"></a> * the HTML page content. We use an Ns_DString to quickly build
<a name="27857"></a> * up the string - Ns_DString's grow as needed so we don't have
<a name="27858"></a> * to worry about buffer overflow. The HTML page is a simple
<a name="27859"></a> * HTML3 <TABLE> which formats the current, last, and total
<a name="27860"></a> * statistics for the server.
<a name="27861"></a> */
<a name="27862"></a>static int
<a name="27863"></a>StatRequest(void *ctx, Ns_Conn *conn)
<a name="27864"></a>{
<a name="27865"></a> StatContext *sc;
<a name="27866"></a> Ns_DString ds;
<a name="27867"></a> int retcode;
<a name="27868"></a>
<a name="27869"></a> sc = (StatContext *) ctx;
<a name="27870"></a> Ns_DStringInit(&ds);
<a name="27871"></a>
<a name="27872"></a> /*
<a name="27873"></a> * Build up the HTML3 <TABLE> with the latest data.
<a name="27874"></a> */
<a name="27875"></a> Ns_DStringAppend(&ds, "<table border cellpadding=\"10\">");
<a name="27876"></a> Ns_DStringVarAppend(&ds, "<tr><th>", sc->hServer, "</th>",
<a name="28302"></a> NULL);
<a name="27877"></a> Ns_DStringAppend(&ds,
<a name="28303"></a> "<th>Current</th><th>Last</th><th>Total</th></tr>");
<a name="27878"></a> Ns_LockMutex(&sc->lock);
<a name="27879"></a> Ns_DStringPrintf(&ds,
<a name="175245"></a> "<tr><th># connections</th><td>%d</td>"
<a name="175254"></a> "<td>%d</td><td>%d</td></tr>",
<a name="27880"></a> sc->current.conns, sc->last.conns, sc->total.conns);
<a name="175282"></a> Ns_DStringPrintf(&ds,
<a name="175283"></a> "<tr><th># bytes</th><td>%d</td>"
<a name="175295"></a> "<td>%d</td><td>%d</td></tr>",
<a name="175284"></a> sc->current.bytes, sc->last.bytes, sc->total.bytes);
<a name="27883"></a> Ns_UnlockMutex(&sc->lock);
<a name="27884"></a> Ns_DStringAppend(&ds, "</table>");
<a name="27885"></a>
<a name="27886"></a> /*
<a name="27887"></a> * Return the HTML page using Ns_ConnReturnNotice().
<a name="27888"></a> */
<a name="27889"></a> retcode = Ns_ConnReturnNotice(conn, 200, "Server Statistics",
<a name="28304"></a> ds.string);
<a name="27890"></a>
<a name="27891"></a> /*
<a name="27892"></a> * Don't forget to free the dstring!
<a name="27893"></a> */
<a name="27894"></a> Ns_DStringFree(&ds);
<a name="27895"></a>
<a name="27896"></a> return retcode;
<a name="27897"></a>}
<a name="27898"></a>
<a name="27899"></a>
<a name="27900"></a>/*
<a name="27901"></a> * StatShutdown simple prints a final statistics entry to the
<a name="27902"></a> * server log and then cleans up the StatContext structure.
<a name="27903"></a> */
<a name="27904"></a>static void
<a name="27905"></a>StatShutdown(void *ctx)
<a name="27906"></a>{
<a name="27907"></a> StatContext *sc;
<a name="27908"></a>
<a name="27909"></a> sc = (StatContext *) ctx;
<a name="27910"></a> Ns_Log(Notice, "StatShutdown(%s): Total: conns %d,
<a name="28305"></a> bytes %d.",
<a name="27911"></a> sc->hServer, sc->total.conns, sc->total.bytes);
<a name="27912"></a> Ns_DestroyMutex(&sc->lock);
<a name="27913"></a> Ns_Free(ctx);
<a name="27914"></a>}
<a name="27915"></a>
</pre><p>
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