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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
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<TITLE>Apache module mod_auth_db</TITLE>
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<H3>
Apache HTTP Server Version 1.3
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<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">Module mod_auth_db</H1>
This module is contained in the <CODE>mod_auth_db.c</CODE> file, and
is not compiled in by default. It provides for user authentication using
Berkeley DB files. It is an alternative to <A HREF="mod_auth_dbm.html">DBM</A>
files for those systems which support DB and not DBM. It is only
available in Apache 1.1 and later.
<P>
On some BSD systems (e.g. FreeBSD and NetBSD) dbm is automatically mapped to
Berkeley DB. You can use either <A HREF="mod_auth_dbm.html">mod_auth_dbm</A>
or mod_auth_db. The latter makes it more obvious that it's Berkeley DB. On
other platforms where you want to use the DB library you usually have to
install it first. See
<A HREF="http://www.sleepycat.com/">http://www.sleepycat.com/</A> for the
distribution. The interface this module uses is the one from DB version 1.85
and 1.86, but DB version 2.x can also be used when compatibility mode is
enabled.
<MENU>
<LI><A HREF="#authdbgroupfile">AuthDBGroupFile</A>
<LI><A HREF="#authdbuserfile">AuthDBUserFile</A>
<LI><A HREF="#authdbauthoritative">AuthDBAuthoritative</A>
</MENU>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="authdbgroupfile">AuthDBGroupFile</A></H2>
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt AuthDBGroupFile} directive> -->
<A
HREF="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
REL="Help"
><STRONG>Syntax:</STRONG></A> AuthDBGroupFile <EM>filename</EM><BR>
<A
HREF="directive-dict.html#Context"
REL="Help"
><STRONG>Context:</STRONG></A> directory, .htaccess<BR>
<A
HREF="directive-dict.html#Override"
REL="Help"
><STRONG>Override:</STRONG></A> AuthConfig<BR>
<A
HREF="directive-dict.html#Status"
REL="Help"
><STRONG>Status:</STRONG></A> Extension<BR>
<A
HREF="directive-dict.html#Module"
REL="Help"
><STRONG>Module:</STRONG></A> mod_auth_db<P>
The AuthDBGroupFile directive sets the name of a DB file containing the list
of user groups for user authentication. <EM>Filename</EM> is the absolute path
to the group file.<P>
The group file is keyed on the username. The value for a user is a
comma-separated list of the groups to which the users belongs. There must
be no whitespace within the value, and it must never contain any colons.<P>
Security: make sure that the AuthDBGroupFile is stored outside the
document tree of the web-server; do <EM>not</EM> put it in the directory that
it protects. Otherwise, clients will be able to download the
AuthDBGroupFile unless otherwise protected.<P>
Combining Group and Password DB files: In some cases it is easier to
manage a single database which contains both the password and group
details for each user. This simplifies any support programs that need
to be written: they now only have to deal with writing to and locking
a single DBM file. This can be accomplished by first setting the group
and password files to point to the same DB file:<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
AuthDBGroupFile /www/userbase<BR>
AuthDBUserFile /www/userbase
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
The key for the single DB record is the username. The value consists of <P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
Unix Crypt-ed Password : List of Groups [ : (ignored) ]
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
The password section contains the Unix crypt() password as before. This is
followed by a colon and the comma separated list of groups. Other data may
optionally be left in the DB file after another colon; it is ignored by the
authentication module. <P>
See also <A HREF="core.html#authname">AuthName</A>,
<A HREF="core.html#authtype">AuthType</A> and
<A HREF="#authdbuserfile">AuthDBUserFile</A>.<P><HR>
<H2><A NAME="authdbuserfile">AuthDBUserFile</A></H2>
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt AuthDBUserFile} directive> -->
<A
HREF="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
REL="Help"
><STRONG>Syntax:</STRONG></A> AuthDBUserFile <EM>filename</EM><BR>
<A
HREF="directive-dict.html#Context"
REL="Help"
><STRONG>Context:</STRONG></A> directory, .htaccess<BR>
<A
HREF="directive-dict.html#Override"
REL="Help"
><STRONG>Override:</STRONG></A> AuthConfig<BR>
<A
HREF="directive-dict.html#Status"
REL="Help"
><STRONG>Status:</STRONG></A> Extension<BR>
<A
HREF="directive-dict.html#Module"
REL="Help"
><STRONG>Module:</STRONG></A> mod_auth_db<P>
The AuthDBUserFile directive sets the name of a DB file containing the list
of users and passwords for user authentication. <EM>Filename</EM> is the
absolute path to the user file.<P>
The user file is keyed on the username. The value for a user is the
crypt() encrypted password, optionally followed by a colon and
arbitrary data. The colon and the data following it will be ignored
by the server.<P>
Security: make sure that the AuthDBUserFile is stored outside the
document tree of the web-server; do <EM>not</EM> put it in the directory that
it protects. Otherwise, clients will be able to download the
AuthDBUserFile.<P>
Important compatibility note: The implementation of "dbmopen" in the
apache modules reads the string length of the hashed values from the
DB data structures, rather than relying upon the string being
NULL-appended. Some applications, such as the Netscape web server,
rely upon the string being NULL-appended, so if you are having trouble
using DB files interchangeably between applications this may be a
part of the problem. <P>
See also <A HREF="core.html#authname">AuthName</A>,
<A HREF="core.html#authtype">AuthType</A> and
<A HREF="#authdbgroupfile">AuthDBGroupFile</A>.<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="authdbauthoritative">AuthDBAuthoritative</A></H2>
<!--%plaintext <?INDEX {\tt AuthDBAuthoritative} directive> -->
<A
HREF="directive-dict.html#Syntax"
REL="Help"
><STRONG>Syntax:</STRONG></A> AuthDBAuthoritative <
<STRONG> on</STRONG>(default) | off > <BR>
<A
HREF="directive-dict.html#Context"
REL="Help"
><STRONG>Context:</STRONG></A> directory, .htaccess<BR>
<A
HREF="directive-dict.html#Override"
REL="Help"
><STRONG>Override:</STRONG></A> AuthConfig<BR>
<A
HREF="directive-dict.html#Status"
REL="Help"
><STRONG>Status:</STRONG></A> Base<BR>
<A
HREF="directive-dict.html#Module"
REL="Help"
><STRONG>Module:</STRONG></A> mod_auth<P>
Setting the AuthDBAuthoritative directive explicitly to <STRONG>'off'</STRONG>
allows for both authentication and authorization to be passed on
to lower level modules (as defined in the <CODE>Configuration</CODE>
and <CODE>modules.c</CODE> file if there is <STRONG>no userID</STRONG> or
<STRONG>rule</STRONG> matching the supplied userID. If there is a userID
and/or rule specified; the usual password and access checks will
be applied and a failure will give an Authorization Required reply.
<P>
So if a userID appears in the database of more than one module; or
if a valid require directive applies to more than one module; then
the first module will verify the credentials; and no access is
passed on; regardless of the AuthAuthoritative setting. <P>
A common use for this is in conjunction with one of the basic auth
modules; such as <A HREF="mod_auth.html"><CODE>mod_auth.c</CODE></A>.
Whereas this DB module supplies the bulk of the user credential
checking; a few (administrator) related accesses fall through to
a lower level with a well protected .htpasswd file. <P>
<A
HREF="directive-dict.html#Default"
REL="Help"
><STRONG>Default:</STRONG></A> By default; control is not passed on; and an
unknown
userID or rule will result in an Authorization Required reply. Not
setting it thus keeps the system secure; and forces an NSCA compliant
behaviour. <P>
Security: Do consider the implications of allowing a user to allow
fall-through in his .htaccess file; and verify that this is really
what you want; Generally it is easier to just secure a single
.htpasswd file, than it is to secure a database which might have
more access interfaces.
<P>
See also <A HREF="core.html#authname">AuthName</A>,
<A HREF="core.html#authtype">AuthType</A> and
<A HREF="#authdbgroupfile">AuthDBGroupFile</A>.<P>
<HR>
<H3 ALIGN="CENTER">
Apache HTTP Server Version 1.3
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