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# This publication is intellectual property of Canonical Ltd. Its contents
# can be duplicated, either in part or in whole, provided that a copyright
# label is visibly located on each copy.
#
# All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost
# attention to detail. However, this does not guarantee complete accuracy.
# Neither Canonical Ltd, the authors, nor the translators shall be held
# liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof.
#
# Many of the software and hardware descriptions cited in this book
# are registered trademarks. All trade names are subject to copyright
# restrictions and may be registered trade marks. Canonical Ltd
# essentially adheres to the manufacturer's spelling.
#
# Names of products and trademarks appearing in this book (with or without
# specific notation) are likewise subject to trademark and trade protection
# laws and may thus fall under copyright restrictions.
#
=pod
=head1 NAME
aa-exec - confine a program with the specified AppArmor profile
=head1 SYNOPSIS
B<aa-exec> [options] [--] [I<E<lt>commandE<gt>> ...]
=head1 DESCRIPTION
B<aa-exec> is used to launch a program confined by the specified profile
and or namespace. If both a profile and namespace are specified command
will be confined by profile in the new policy namespace. If only a namespace
is specified, the profile name of the current confinement will be used. If
neither a profile or namespace is specified command will be run using
standard profile attachment (ie. as if run without the aa-exec command).
If the arguments are to be pasted to the I<E<lt>commandE<gt>> being invoked
by aa-exec then -- should be used to separate aa-exec arguments from the
command.
aa-exec -p profile1 -- ls -l
=head1 OPTIONS
B<aa-exec> accepts the following arguments:
=over 4
=item -p PROFILE, --profile=PROFILE
confine I<E<lt>commandE<gt>> with PROFILE. If the PROFILE is not specified
use the current profile name (likely unconfined).
=item -n NAMESPACE, --namespace=NAMESPACE
use profiles in NAMESPACE. This will result in confinement transitioning
to using the new profile namespace.
=item -i, --immediate
transition to PROFILE before doing executing I<E<lt>commandE<gt>>. This
subjects the running of I<E<lt>commandE<gt>> to the exec transition rules
of the current profile.
=item -v, --verbose
show commands being performed
=item -d, --debug
show commands and error codes
=item --
Signal the end of options and disables further option processing. Any
arguments after the -- are treated as arguments of the command. This is
useful when passing arguments to the I<E<lt>commandE<gt>> being invoked by
aa-exec.
=back
=head1 RESTRICTIONS
aa-exec uses I<aa_change_profile(3)> to change application confinement.
The use of I<aa_change_profile(3)> may be restricted by policy in ways
that will cause failure or results different than expected.
Even when using I<aa-exec> from unconfined restrictions in policy can
causes failure or the confinement entered to be different than requested
See the unpriviled unconfined restriction documentation for more detail.
https://gitlab.com/apparmor/apparmor/-/wikis/unprivileged_unconfined_restriction
=head1 STACKING
aa-exec can be used to setup a stack of profiles as confinement. When an
application is confined by a stack, all profiles in the stack are checked
as if they were the profile confining the application. The resulting
mediation is the intersection of what is allowed by each profile in the
stack.
The profiles in a stack are treated independently. Each profile can have
its own flags and profile transitions. During an exec each profile gets
to specify its transition and the results brought together to form a
new canonicalized stack.
The profile separator indicating a stack is the character sequence I<//&>.
Thus a stack can be expressed using
=over 4
$ aa-exec -p "unconfined//&firefox" -- bash
$ ps -Z
LABEL PID TTY TIME CMD
unconfined 30714 pts/12 00:00:00 bash
firefox//&unconfined (unconfined) 31160 pts/12 00:00:00 bash
firefox//&unconfined (unconfined) 31171 pts/12 00:00:00 ps
=back
=head1 NAMESPACES
aa-exec can be used to enter confinement in another policy namespace
if the policy namespaces exists, is visible, and the profile exists in
the namespace. Note applications launched within the namespace will
not be able to exit the namespace, and may be restricted by additional
confinement around namespacing. Files and resources visible to the
parent that launches the application may not be visible in the policy
namespace resulting in access denials.
To enter a policy namespace the profile is prefixed with the namespace's
name, using a I<:> prefix and suffix.
Eg.
=over 4
$ aa-exec -p :ex1:unconfined -- bash
$ ps -Z
LABEL PID TTY TIME CMD
- 30714 pts/12 00:00:00 bash
unconfined 34372 pts/12 00:00:00 bash
unconfined 34379 pts/12 00:00:00 ps
=back
Confinement of processes outside of the namespace may not be visible
in which case the confinement will be represented with a -. If policy
is stacked only part of the confinement might be visible. However
confinement is usually fully visible from the parent policy namespace.
Eg. the confinement of the child can be queried in the parent to see
=over 4
$ ps -Z 34372
LABEL PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
:ex1:unconfined 34372 pts/12 S+ 0:00 bash
=back
And in the case of stacking with namespaces
=over 4
$ aa-exec -p "unconfined//&:ex1:unconfined" -- bash
$ ps -Z
LABEL PID TTY TIME CMD
- 30714 pts/12 00:00:00 bash
unconfined 36298 pts/12 00:00:00 bash
unconfined 36305 pts/12 00:00:00 ps
=back
while from the parent namespace the full confinement can be seen
=over 4
$ ps -Z 36298
LABEL PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
unconfined//&:ex1:unconfined 36298 pts/12 S+ 0:00 bash
=back
=head1 BUGS
If you find any bugs, please report them at
L<https://gitlab.com/apparmor/apparmor/-/issues>
=head1 SEE ALSO
apparmor(7), apparmor.d(5), aa_change_profile(3),
aa_change_onexec(3) and L<https://wiki.apparmor.net>.
=cut
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