<!doctype debiandoc system>

<book>

<title>APT HOWTO</title>

<author>
<name>Gustavo Noronha Silva</name> <email>kov@debian.org</email>
</author>

<version>1.7.6 - 2002 ǯ 1 </version>

<abstract>
ʸϡDebian Υѥå桼ƥƥǤ APT ƯˤĤơ
桼˿򤷤Ƥ餦ȤտޤƤޤŪϡ Debian
桼ڤˤꡢƥˤĤ򿼤᤿ȴꤦͤμ
ʤ뤳ȤǤDebian 桼륵ݡȤŪǡDebian ץ
ȤΤ˺ޤ
</abstract>

<copyright>
<copyrightsummary>
Copyright &copy; 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Gustavo Noronha Silva
</copyrightsummary>
<p>
This manual is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
later version.
</p>

<p>
This is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but without
any warranty; without even the implied warranty of merchantability or
fitness for a particular purpose. See the GNU General Public License
for more details.
</p>

<p>
A copy of the GNU General Public License is available as
/usr/share/common-licenses/GPL in the Debian GNU/Linux distribution or
on the World Wide Web at the GNU General Public Licence. You can also
obtain it by writing to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple
Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
</p>
</copyright>

<toc>

<chapt>Ϥ
<p>
 .tar.gz ꤭桼ϡʬ GNU/Linux ƥǻȤ
ץ˥ѥ뤷ʤФʤޤǤDebian 줿
ޥ˥󥹥ȡ뤵줿ѥåδǽƥबɬפ
ͤޤ<prgn>dpkg</prgn> ȤΤΥƥͿ줿̾Ǥ
ͭ̾ 'ѥå' ȤΤDebian ˺ǽˤ⤿餵줿ΤǤ
 Red Hat ȼ rpm ƥȷǤΤȤǤ

<p>
˿ʥޤGNU/Linux Ԥοޤޤ
餬ɬפȤƤΤϡѥå֤ΰ¸طưŪ˴
åץ졼ǤեդʧäƤ롢®ǡŪʡ
Ψι⤤ˡäΤǤǤޤDebian ƻڤ곫 APT
 - Advanced Packaging Tool - 򻺤߽ФޤAPT Ϥ줫 Conective ˤä 
rpm ǤȤ褦ܿ졢ʳΥǥȥӥ塼ˤŬ礹褦
ʤޤ

<p>
ܥޥ˥奢ǤϡConectiva ˤ APT ΰܿǤ apt-rpm ˤϿޤ
Ūΰ٤ʸؤ "ѥå" ϴޤޤ
</chapt>

<chapt id="basico">Ū

<sect id="sources.list">/etc/apt/sources.list ե
<p>
APT ΰˡѲǽʥѥåΰǤ '' ե
ѤޤΥե뤬 <tt>/etc/apt/sources.list</tt> Ǥ

<p>
Υեˤ̾ʲΤ褦ʥȥ꤬ޤ

<example>
deb http://host/debian distribution section1 section2 section3
deb-src http://host/debian distribution section1 section2 section3
</example>

󡢾嵭ϲͶΤΤǤäơΤޤޤǤϻȤޤ
ƹԤƬˤ <tt>deb</tt>  <tt>deb-src</tt> ϡ֤μ
ƤޤĤޤꡢ̾ȤѥѤΥѥåǤХʥ
ѥå (<tt>deb</tt>)줫顢ꥸʥΥץॽ Debian 
ȥե (<tt>.dsc</tt>) ӥץ 'Debian ' 
Τɬפѹޤ <tt>diff.gz</tt> ʤ륽ѥå
(<tt>deb-src</tt>) Ǥ

<p>
Debian ΥǥեȤ sources.list ϼΤ褦ˤʤäƤޤ

<example>
# See sources.list(5) for more information, especialy
# Remember that you can only use http, ftp or file URIs
# CDROMs are managed through the apt-cdrom tool.
deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free
deb http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org stable/updates main contrib non-free

# Uncomment if you want the apt-get source function to work
#deb-src http://http.us.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non-free
</example>

ʾ Debian δܥ󥹥ȡɬפʹԤǤǽ <tt>deb</tt> Ԥϡ
եΥ֤򼨤Ƥޤ2 ܤ non-US ֡
3 ܤ Debian ƥåץ졼ɤΥ֤Ǥ

<p>
Ǹ 2 ԤϥȥȤ ('#' ǻϤޤä) Τǡapt-get ̵뤷ޤ
 <tt>deb-src</tt> ԤǡDebian ΥѥåؤƤޤ
ƥȤƥѥŪǥץॽˤ˥ɤΤʤ顢
ιԤΥȤ򳰤Ƥ

<p>
<tt>/etc/apt/sources.list</tt> եˤϡƼιԤ򺮺ߤ뤳Ȥ
ǤޤAPT  <tt>http</tt>, <tt>ftp</tt>, <tt>file</tt> (
ե롢ȤХޥȤ줿 ISO9660 ե륷ƥΥǥ쥯ȥ
ʤ), <tt>ssh</tt> ʤɡۤʤΥ֤ˤбǤޤ
</sect>

<sect id="dpkg-scanpackages">Ǥ APT λȤ
<p>
¿ .deb ѥå򥤥󥹥ȡ뤹ݤˡ¸طưŪ˲
뤿 APT ȤʤǤ礦

<p>
Τˤ .deb եǥ쥯ȥäƤ
㤨:

<example>
mkdir /root/debs
</example>

 /root ǥ쥯ȥäơΥեäƤ
̾ϲǤ⹽ޤ󡣤ϡAPT Υݥȥ꤬ "override" Ȥ
̾ΤեɬפȤ뤫Ǥ϶Ǥ⹽ޤ󤬡
¸ߤϤƤʤФʤޤ󡣤μΥեΤˤϡ
ޥɤѤǤޤ

<example>
touch file
</example>

ΥեǡѥåդƤ륪ץ񤭤뤿
ץ뤳ȤǤޤϰʲ̤:

<example>
package priority section
</example>

ǡpackage ϥѥå̾priority  low, medium, high 
줫section ϤΥѥå°른ǤΥե
ΤޤޤǤ⹽ޤ

<p>
 /root ǥ쥯ȥǼΥޥɤ¹ԤƤ:

<example>
dpkg-scanpackages debs file | gzip > debs/Packages.gz
</example>

嵭桢file  "override" եꤷƤ
嵭ޥɤϡdebs/Packages.gz Ȥ̾Υѥå˴ؤ
ƼޤեޤΥե뤬 APT 
ȤޤǸˡѥåѤ뤿 sources.list 
ʲιԤɲäƤ

<example>
deb file:/root debs/
</example>

θϡ̤ APT ΥޥɤȤǤΥݥȥ
뤳ȤǤޤΤμƱǤ<tt>.orig.tar.gz</tt>
 <tt>.diff.gz</tt> ե뤬ʤФʤ餺ե
Packages.gz  Sources.gz ȤʤޤѤΥץۤʤ
ޤ<prgn>dpkg-scansources</prgn> Ǥޥɥ饤ϼΤ褦
ʤޤ

<example>
dpkg-scansources debs | gzip > debs/Sources.gz
</example>

<prgn>dpkg-scansources</prgn> ˤ "override" ե뤬פǤ뤳Ȥ
դƤsources.list εҤϼΤ褦ˤʤޤ

<example>
deb-src file:/root debs/
</example>
</sect>

<sect id="netselect">sources.list ե˵Ҥ٤Ŭʥߥ顼Ȥη: netselect, netselect-apt

<p>
˻Ϥ᤿ФΥ桼ְ㤤ʤ䤬ޤ - <tt>sources.list
</tt> ˵Ҥ٤ Debian Υߥ顼ȤϤɤǤ?סɤΥߥ顼ˤΤ
ˤϡ¿ˡޤ餯Ԥʤ顢ĤΥߥ顼
ping Ǥäƻ֤¬륹ץȤäƤǤ礦Ǥ桹Τˤ⡢
ƱȤ򤷤Ƥץबޤ - <strong>netselect</strong> Ǥ

<p>
netselect Υ󥹥ȡϡĤΤ褦ˤǤ:

<example>
apt-get install netselect
</example>

ѥ᡼̵Ǽ¹ԤȡإפɽޤڡǶڤä
ۥ (ߥ顼) ΥꥹȤդƼ¹ԤȡĤΥۥȤȤΥ
֤ޤΥϡ ping ֤ hops  (³׵᤬ŪϤã
ޤǤ˷ͳۥȤο)㤹® (ä
ʤۤɲ) ʤɤ׻ƻФޤޥɤ֤ۥȤϡ
ǾΥȤʤä 1 ĤǤ (-vv ץդС
Ϥޤ)ʲ򻲾ȤƤ:

<example>
bash$ netselect ftp.debian.org http.us.debian.org ftp.at.debian.org download.unesp.br ftp.debian.org.br
  365 ftp.debian.org.br
bash$
</example>

嵭ΰ̣ϡnetselect Υѥ᡼ȤϤߥ顼ǡ
<tt>ftp.debian.org.br</tt> ŬǤꡢ 365 ǤȤ
Ǥ (դƤ!!  ϻΥԥ塼Ǽ¹ԤΤǤꡢ
ͥåȥ³ޤ³ݥȤˤä礭ۤʤޤΥ
ϡɬ¾Υԥ塼Ǥη̤Ȱפ櫓ǤϤޤ)

<p>
netselect Ĥ®Υߥ顼 <tt>/etc/apt/sources.list</tt> 
ե˵Ҥ (<ref id="sources.list"> )<ref id="apt-get"> 
ˤ tips ˽äƤ

<p>
<strong>:</strong> ߥ顼ΰϡ
<url id="http://www.debian.org/mirror/mirrors_full"
name="http://www.debian.org/mirror/mirrors_full"> Ȥե
СĤǤ狼ޤ

<p>
С 0.3 顢netselect ѥåˤ <strong>netselect-apt
</strong> ȤץȤޤޤ褦ˤʤޤϾ嵭
ץưŪ˹ԤʤäƤΤǤǥȥӥ塼
 (ǥեȤ stable) ѥ᡼ȤƼ¹ԤǡŬ
main  non-US Υߥ顼Ҥ줿 <tt>sources.list</tt> 졢
ǥ쥯ȥ֤ޤʲϡstable ǥȥ
ӥ塼Ѥ sources.list Ǥ

<example>
bash$ ls sources.list
ls: sources.list: File or directory not found
bash$ netselect-apt stable
(...)
bash$ ls -l sources.list
sources.list
bash$
</example>

<strong>:</strong> <tt>sources.list</tt> եϡޥɤ
¹Ԥǥ쥯ȥޤθ塢<tt>/etc/apt/</tt>
ǥ쥯ȥ˰ưʤФʤޤ

<p>
ʹߤ <ref id="apt-get"> ˤ tips ˽äƤ
</sect>

<sect id="cdrom">sources.list ե CD-ROM ɲä

<p>
APT Ȥäƥѥå򥤥󥹥ȡ뤷ꡢƥưŪ˥å
졼ɤΤ CD-ROM ȤΤʤ顢 <tt>sources.list</tt>
˵Ҥ뤳ȤǤޤΤˤϡʲΤ褦
<prgn>apt-cdrom</prgn> ץѤƤ

<example>
apt-cdrom add
</example>

ɥ饤֤ Debian  CD-ROM ƤƤץ
CD-ROM ޥȤȤ Debian  CD ǤХѥå
ؤõޤCD-ROM ꤬ѤäƤǤ⡢ʲ
ץȤȤǤޤ

<example>
-h           - إפɽ
-d directory - CD-ROM ΥޥȰ
-r           - ǧ줿 CD-ROM ̾ѹ
-m           - ޥȤԤʤʤ
-f           - ®⡼ɡpackage եΥåԤʤʤ
-a           - ̩⡼
</example>

㤨мΤ褦:

<example>
apt-cdrom -d /home/kov/mycdrom add
</example>

sources.list ɲä뤳ȤʤˡCD-ROM ̤뤳ȤǤޤ

<example>
apt-cdrom ident
</example>

Υץ CD-ROM  <tt>/etc/fstab</tt> Ŭڤ
ƤΤư뤳ȤդƤ
</sect>
</chapt>

<chapt id="apt-get">ѥåδ

<sect id="update">Ѳǽʥѥåΰ򹹿

<p>
ɤΥѥå󥹥ȡѤǡɤ줬̤󥹥ȡ뤫ɤΥѥå
󥹥ȡǽˤĤƤεϿѤˡѥåƥϥץ饤١Ȥ
ǡ١Ѥޤ<prgn>apt-get</prgn> ץϡ桼
󥹥ȡ׵ᤷѥå򸫤ĤꡢΥѥåŬڤư
뤿ɬפɲåѥå򸫤ĤΤˡΥǡ١Ȥޤ

<p>
Υǡ١򹹿ˤϡ<prgn>apt-get update</prgn> Ȥޥ
ȤޤΥޥɤ <tt>/etc/apt/sources.list</tt> ˵ҤƤ
ΥѥåõޤΥե˴ؤܤ
<ref id="sources.list"> 򻲾ȤƤ

<p>
ǽʥѥåˤĤƤξǿݤĤˡΥޥɤ
Ū˼¹ԤΤɤǥǤƥϢΥåץǡȤ
ʤǤ
</sect>

<sect id="install">ѥåΥ󥹥ȡ

<p>
褦䤯Ԥ˾ǤץǤ!  sources.list Ѱդ
Ѳǽʥѥåΰ򹹿顢ߤѥå򥤥󥹥ȡ
ˤ <tt>apt-get</tt> ¹ԤǤ㤨мΤ褦:

<example>
apt-get install xchat
</example>

APT ϻꤵ줿ѥåκǿСǡ١õ
<tt>sources.list</tt> ˵ܤ줿б륢֤Фޤ
ꤵ줿ѥå¾Υѥå˰¸Ƥ -- ʲΤ褦 
-- APT ϰ¸طåɬפʥѥå򥤥󥹥ȡ뤷ޤ
ʲ򻲾ȤƤ:

<example>
[root]@[/] # apt-get install nautilus
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  bonobo libmedusa0 libnautilus0 
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  bonobo libmedusa0 libnautilus0 nautilus 
0 packages upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1  not upgraded.
Need to get 8329kB of archives. After unpacking 17.2MB will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] 
</example>

<package>nautilus</package> ѥåϡ嵭˰Ѥ줿ͭ饤֥
¸ƤޤΤᡢAPT Ϥ򥢡֤ɤޤ
<tt>apt-get</tt> Υޥɥ饤ˤΥ饤֥̾ꤵƤС
APT ϺȤ³ƤҤͤƤޤ - Ϣѥå򥤥󥹥ȡ
ΤȼΤǤ

<p>
ΤȤϡAPT ǧƤΤϰ¸ط˻ꤵ줿
ʳΥѥå򥤥󥹥ȡ뤹ɬפȤȤ̣
Ƥޤ

<p>
ap-get ˤϰʲΥץ󤬻Ȥޤ

<example>
-h  إפɽ
-d  ɤΤ - 󥹥ȡ䥢֤βϹԤʤޤ
-f  ٥å˼ԤƤ⡢Ȥ³褦Ȥޤ
-s  ⤷ޤ󡣥ߥ졼ԤʤǤ
-y  Ƥ䤤Ф Yes ȤߤʤҤͤƤޤ
-u  åץ졼ɤѥåΰɽޤ
</example>

󥹥ȡ뤹٤ʣΥѥå 1 ˻Ǥޤ
ͥåȥɤ줿ե 
<tt>/var/cache/apt/archives/</tt> ǥ쥯ȥ֤졢
줫饤󥹥ȡ뤵ޤ

<p>
Ʊޥɥ饤ˡ٤ѥåꤹ뤳ȤǤޤʲ
Τ褦ˡѥå̾ľ '-' դǤ:

<example>
[root]@[/] # apt-get install nautilus gnome-panel-       
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  bonobo libmedusa0 libnautilus0 
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  gnome-applets gnome-panel gnome-panel-data gnome-session 
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  bonobo libmedusa0 libnautilus0 nautilus 
0 packages upgraded, 4 newly installed, 4 to remove and 1  not upgraded.
Need to get 8329kB of archives. After unpacking 2594kB will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] 
</example>

ѥåκ˴ؤܺ٤ <ref id="remove"> 򻲾ȤƤ

<p>
󥹥ȡѤΥѥåƤޤäꡢƱС
ѥåˤեƥ󥹥ȡ뤷ʤ顢ʲ
褦 <tt>--resinstall</tt> ץȤޤ

<example>
[root]@[/] # apt-get --reinstall install gdm
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 1  not upgraded.
Need to get 0B/182kB of archives. After unpacking 0B will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
</example>

ܥޥ˥奢뼹ɮǻȤä APT ΥС 0.5.3 Ǥꡢ
Debian  'unstable' (<tt>sid</tt>) κǿǤǤΥС
󥹥ȡ뤵ƤСɲõǽȤȤǤޤ
ǥȥӥ塼Υѥå򥤥󥹥ȡ뤹Τ
<tt>apt-get install package/distribution</tt> Ȥꡢ
<tt>apt-get install package=version</tt> Τ褦ʥޥɥ饤
Ȥޤ㤨:

<example>
apt-get install nautilus/unstable
</example>

Ǥϡʤ 'stable' ȤäƤƤ 'unstable' ǥȥ
ӥ塼 nautilus 򥤥󥹥ȡ뤷ޤ
'ǥȥӥ塼' ȤƻǤΤ <tt>stable</tt>,
 <tt>testing</tt>, <tt>unstable</tt>  3 ĤǤ


<p>
<em></em>: Debian  'unstable' ǤϡDebian ѥåǽ
åץɤǿǤǤΥǥȥӥ塼ϡѥå
ä줿ѹ򡢺٤ʤΤ¿Υѥå䥷ƥΤ
ƶڤܤݤʤΤޤǼդޤΤᡢи桼
θǤɬפʿͤϡѤ٤Ǥ<em>ޤ</em>

<p>
'testing' ǥȥӥ塼ϡȤǤ 'unstable' 
鷺ͥƤޤ̳Υƥˤ 'stable' ǥȥӥ塼
Ȥ٤Ǥ
</sect>

<sect id="remove">ѥåκ

<p>
ѥåϤȤʤΤʤ顢APT Ȥäƥƥफ
ȤǤޤΤˤ <tt>apt-get remove package</tt> 
פǤ㤨:

<example>
[root]@[/] # apt-get remove gnome-panel
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  gnome-applets gnome-panel gnome-panel-data gnome-session 
0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 4 to remove and 1  not upgraded.
Need to get 0B of archives. After unpacking 14.6MB will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] 
</example>

嵭Ǥ狼褦ˡAPT Ϻ׵ᤷѥå˰¸Ƥ¾
ѥå褦ˤƤޤ¸Ƥ¾Υѥå
ˡѥå뤳ȤϡAPT ˤԲǽǤ

<p>
嵭Τ褦 <prgn>apt-get</prgn> ȤȥѥåϺޤ
Υѥåե뤬дʷǥƥ˻Ĥޤ
ѥå˺ˤϡΤ褦ˤƤ:

<example>
[root]@[/] # apt-get --purge remove gnome-panel
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  gnome-applets* gnome-panel* gnome-panel-data* gnome-session* 
0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 4 to remove and 1  not upgraded.
Need to get 0B of archives. After unpacking 14.6MB will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] 
</example>

ѥå̾θ '*' դƤϳƥѥå
եʻƺ뤳Ȥ򼨤Ƥޤ

<p>
<tt>install</tt> ԤʤäΤ褦ˡΥѥåФؼ
<tt>remove</tt> ȵž뤿εȤޤκݤˡ<tt>'+'</tt> 
ѥå̾ľդСΥѥåϺ˥󥹥ȡ
ޤ

<example>
[root]@[/] # apt-get --purge remove gnome-panel nautilus+
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  bonobo libmedusa0 libnautilus0 nautilus 
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  gnome-applets* gnome-panel* gnome-panel-data* gnome-session* 
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  bonobo libmedusa0 libnautilus0 nautilus 
0 packages upgraded, 4 newly installed, 4 to remove and 1  not upgraded.
Need to get 8329kB of archives. After unpacking 2594kB will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] 
</example>

<prgn>apt-get</prgn> ɽɲäǥ󥹥ȡ뤵ѥå (Ĥޤꡢ
󥹥ȡ׵ᤷѥåŬڤ˵ǽ뤿˥󥹥ȡ
ʤФʤʤѥå)ѥå󥹥ȡ뤵
ѥå (Ƥɲåѥå) Ǥ뤳ȤդƤ
</sect>

<sect id="upgrade">ѥåΥåץ졼

<p>
ѥåΥåץ졼ɤϡAPT ƥΰ̤Ǥ
äĤΥޥ - <tt>apt-get upgrade</tt> Ǽ»ܲǽǤ
ޥɤƱǥȥӥ塼Υѥå򥢥åץ졼
ݤ⡢ʥǥȥӥ塼˥åץ졼ɤݤˤ
ȤޤǤԤξ <tt>apt-get dist-upgrade</tt> ޥɤ
Ѥۤ褤Ǥ礦ܺ٤ˤĤƤ <ref id="dist-upgrade"> 
ȤƤ

<p>
Υޥɤˤ <tt>-u</tt> ץդƼ¹ԤǤ
ΥץˤꡢAPT ϥåץ졼ɤѥåΰ
ɽޤ⤷դʤСƤΤ狼ʤޤ
åץ졼ɤ뤳ȤˤʤޤAPT ϳƥѥåκǿС
ɤŬڤʽ֤ǥ󥹥ȡ뤷ޤåץ졼ɤ¹Ԥ
ˡɬ <tt>apt-get update</tt> ¹ԤƤȤפǤ
<ref id="update"> 򻲾ȤƤʲǤ:

<example>
[root]@[/] # apt-get -u upgrade
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
The following packages have been kept back
  cpp gcc lilo 
The following packages will be upgraded
  adduser ae apt autoconf debhelper dpkg-dev esound esound-common ftp indent
  ipchains isapnptools libaudiofile-dev libaudiofile0 libesd0 libesd0-dev
  libgtk1.2 libgtk1.2-dev liblockfile1 libnewt0 liborbit-dev liborbit0
  libstdc++2.10-glibc2.2 libtiff3g libtiff3g-dev modconf orbit procps psmisc 
29 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
Need to get 5055B/5055kB of archives. After unpacking 1161kB will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] 
</example>

ץñǤǽ 2, 3 Ԥǡ<tt>apt-get</tt> Ĥ
ѥå<tt>kept back (ݻ) </tt>ȸäƤ뤳Ȥդ
ϡ餫ͳǥ󥹥ȡ뤵ʤСΥѥå
뤳Ȥ̣ƤޤͤͳȤƤϡ줿¸ط 
(¸ΥѥåŬС󤬥ɤǤʤ) 䡢
ʰ¸ط (¸ѥåо줷) ʤɤޤ

<p>
ǽΥݤ褯褹ˡϤޤ2 ܤΥФƤϡ
ȤʤäƤѥåФ <tt>apt-get install</tt> ¹Ԥ
ʬǤꡢ¸оݤȤʤäƤѥåɤƤޤ
˼ݤΤ褤ˡ <tt>dist-upgrade</tt> Ѥ뤳ȤǤ
<ref id="dist-upgrade"> 򻲾ȤƤ
</sect>

<sect id="dist-upgrade">꡼ؤΥåץ졼

<p>
APT ܵǽˤꡢ󥿡ͥåȤ뤤Ͽ CD (ΤISO ᡼
ƥɤ) Ȥäơ Debian ƥ٤˥åץ졼
뤳ȤǤޤ

<p>
˥󥹥ȡѥѥå֤δطѲäݤˤȤޤ
<tt>apt-get upgrade</tt> ǤϡΥѥåϲѹʤޤ
ݻ (<tt>kept back</tt>) ΤǤ

<p>
㤨СDebian ΰǥӥ 0 ȤäƤơӥ 3  CD 
äƤȤޤ CD 򸵤 APT Ȥäơƥ򥢥åץ졼
Ǥޤΰ٤ˤϡ<prgn>apt-cdrom</prgn> (<ref id="cdrom"> 򻲾) 
Ȥä CD  <tt>/etc/apt/sources.list</tt> ɲä줫 
<tt>apt-get dist-upgrade</tt> ¹Ԥޤ

<p>
APT Ͼ˺ǿСΥѥåõȤդƤ
äơ<tt>etc/apt/sources.list</tt>  CD ⿷С
ѥåޤॢ֤ҤƤСAPT Ϥѥå
ɤޤ

<p>
<ref id="upgrade"> ǼǤϡĤΥѥå 
<tt>kept back</tt> ƤΤ狼ޤϡ
<tt>dist-upgrade</tt> ˤäƲǤޤ

<example>
[root]@[/] # apt-get -u dist-upgrade
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
Calculating Upgrade... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  cpp-2.95 cron exim gcc-2.95 libident libopenldap-runtime libopenldap1
  libpcre2 logrotate mailx 
The following packages have been kept back
  lilo 
The following packages will be upgraded
  adduser ae apt autoconf cpp debhelper dpkg-dev esound esound-common ftp gcc
  indent ipchains isapnptools libaudiofile-dev libaudiofile0 libesd0
  libesd0-dev libgtk1.2 libgtk1.2-dev liblockfile1 libnewt0 liborbit-dev
  liborbit0 libstdc++2.10-glibc2.2 libtiff3g libtiff3g-dev modconf orbit
  procps psmisc 
31 packages upgraded, 10 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 0B/7098kB of archives. After unpacking 3118kB will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
</example>

ѥååץ졼ɤȶˡʥѥå (ѥå֤
ʰ¸ط˱) 󥹥ȡ뤵Ƥ뤳ȤդƤ
ˡlilo Ȥ <tt>kept back</tt> Ƥ뤳Ȥˤդ
Ϥ餯ʰ¸طĶ뿼꤬뤫
礦ˤäƸ狼ޤ:

<example>
[root]@[/] # apt-get -u install lilo
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  cron debconf exim libident libopenldap-runtime libopenldap1 libpcre2
  logrotate mailx 
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  debconf-tiny 
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  cron debconf exim libident libopenldap-runtime libopenldap1 libpcre2
  logrotate mailx 
The following packages will be upgraded
  lilo 
1 packages upgraded, 9 newly installed, 1 to remove and 31 not upgraded.
Need to get 225kB/1179kB of archives. After unpacking 2659kB will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
</example>

嵭˼Ƥ褦ˡlilo ˤ <package>debconf-tiny</package> ѥ
ȿ˾ͤƤޤλϡdebconf-tiny ʤ
lilo 򥤥󥹥ȡ (뤤ϥåץ졼) ǤʤȤ̣Ƥޤ
</sect>

<sect id="dselect-upgrade">APT  dselect Ȱ˻Ȥ

<p>
<prgn>dselect</prgn> ϡ󥹥ȡ뤹 Debian ѥå򤹤ݤ
ȤʤץǤʣǤ󤶤ꤵץ
ͤƤޤФΥ󥽡١ ncurses 󥿡
ե륳ĤϤळȤǤޤ

<p>
dselect εǽΰĤˡ Debian ѥå򥤥󥹥ȡ뤹ˤä
¾Υѥå "recommending"  "suggesting" ȤǽϤ
ѤǤȤȤޤΥץȤˤϡroot ˤʤä 
<tt>'dselect'</tt> ȼ¹ԤƤ줫饢ˡȤơ
'apt' 򤷤Ƥμϼ¤ΤȤפʤΤǤCD-ROM 
Ȥ鷺˥󥿡ͥåȤѥåɤΤǤС
dselect ȤˤäƺˡǤ

<p>
dselect λˡˤĤƤ򤷤СDebian Υۡڡ
<url id="http://www.debian.org/doc/ddp" name="http://www.debian.org/doc/ddp">
ˤ dselect ΥɥȤɤǤ

<p>
deselect Ȥä򤬽СΤ褦ˤƤ:

<example>
apt-get -u dselect-upgrade
</example>

ȰʲΤ褦ˤʤޤ:

<example>
[root]@[/] # apt-get -u dselect-upgrade
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  lbxproxy 
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  bonobo console-tools-libs cpp-3.0 enscript expat fingerd gcc-3.0
  gcc-3.0-base icepref klogd libdigest-md5-perl libfnlib0 libft-perl
  libgc5-dev libgcc300 libhtml-clean-perl libltdl0-dev libsasl-modules
  libstdc++3.0 metamail nethack proftpd-doc psfontmgr python-newt talk tidy
  util-linux-locales vacation xbill xplanet-images 
The following packages will be upgraded
  debian-policy 
1 packages upgraded, 30 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0  not upgraded.
Need to get 7140kB of archives. After unpacking 16.3MB will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
</example>

Ʊƥ apt-get dist-upgrade ¹Ԥ٤ƤߤƤ

<example>
[root]@[/] # apt-get -u dist-upgrade   
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
Calculating Upgrade... Done
The following packages will be upgraded
  debian-policy 
1 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0  not upgraded.
Need to get 421kB of archives. After unpacking 25.6kB will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
</example>

¾Υѥå "suggested"  "recommended" Ƥ¿Υѥå
󥹥ȡ뤵褦ȤƤ뤳ȤդƤ¾Υѥåϡ
dselect ΰɽ̤򤷤ѥå˥󥹥ȡ뤵줿
 (lbxproxy ξʤ) 줿ꤷ褦ȤƤޤAPT Ȥ߹碌
Ѥȡdselect ϶ϤʥġȤʤΤǤ
</sect>

<sect id="pin">󥹥ȡѥѥåСΤޤݻˡ

<p>
ѥå˲餫νԤʤä塢ΥץοС
ȿǤ֤ʤäꡢȿǤΤ˾ޤʤȤ뤫⤷ޤ
뤤㤨СDebian ǥȥӥ塼 3.0 ˥åץ졼ɤ
ΤΡѥåΥС Debian 2.2 ΤΤѤȤ
뤫⤷ޤ󡣥󥹥ȡ뤷ѥååץ졼ɤʤ褦
"ԥ" ǻߤ뤳ȤǤޤ

<p>
ŪǻȤ꥽ñǤ<tt>/etc/apt/preferences</tt> ե
ԽǤ

<p>
եޥåȤϴñǤ:

<example>
Package: &lt;package&gt;
Pin: &lt;pin definition&gt;
Pin-Priority: &lt;pin's priority&gt;
</example>

<p>
㤨 <package>sylpheed</package> ѥåΥС 0.4.99 
"reply-to-list" Ȥ褦˽ơݻ뤿ˤϡΤ褦
ޤ

<example>
Package: sylpheed
Pin: version 0.4.99*
</example>

<tt>*</tt> (ꥹ) ȤäƤ뤳ȤդƤ 
"磻ɥ" Ǥꡢ0.4.99 ǻϤޤС "ԥ" Ǹ
ȤȤǤʤΤ褦ʤȤ򤹤뤫ȤȡDebian 
ѥåΥС "Debian ӥ" ղä뤫Ǥꡢ
Υӥ󤬥󥹥ȡ뤵Τ򤱤Ǥʤȡ
С 0.4.99-1  0.4.99-10 ѲǽˤʤȤ
󥹥ȡ뤵ƤޤޤäѥåȤ³Τʤ顢
Τ褦ư˾ޤʤǤ礦

<p>
<tt>Pin-Priority</tt> եɤϥץǤä˻꤬ʤС
ǥեͤ 989 Ȥʤޤ

<p>
Pin-Priority ɤΤ褦Ư򸫤Ƥߤޤ礦ͤ 0 ̤ξ硢
ΥѥåФ˥󥹥ȡ뤵ޤͤ 0 ʾ 100 ̤ȡ
ѥåϥ󥹥ȡ뤵Ƥ餺ѲǽʥС⤢ޤ󡣤Υѥå
ϥСץˤ⸽ޤ100 ͤϡ󥹥ȡѤ
ѥåƤϤޤ - ¾ΥСˤä֤ǽǤꡢ
֤¦ͤ 101 ʾǤʤФʤޤ

<p>
101 ʾͤϡΥѥå󥹥ȡ뤵٤Ǥ뤳Ȥ
Ƥޤ褯ΤϡѥåΥ󥹥ȡѥС
ʤСˤΤߥåץ졼ɤǤ100 ʾ
1000 ʲΤͤϡŵŪư򤹤뤳Ȥ򼨤Ƥޤ
Τ褦ͤĥѥåϡѲǽǤäƤŤСˤ
󥰥졼ɤޤ㤨 sylpheed 0.5.3 򥤥󥹥ȡƤ顢
sylpheed 0.4.99  priority ͤ 999 ꤷƤ⡢0.4.99 
ˤäƥ󥹥ȡ뤵<em>ޤ</em>ѥå
󥰥졼ɲǽˤˤϡͤ 1001 ʾꤷʤФʤޤ

<p>
Υ󥰥졼ɤȤǰˤꡢϤʱѤǽȤʤޤ
Ȥ Debian  <tt>stable</tt> Ǥ <tt>testing</tt> Ǥ˥åץ졼
ΤΡ᤿ʤäƤ - ֤
<tt>testing</tt> Ϥʤ˹礦ۤɤˤϥƥȤƤʤäΤǤ礦
ǥѥå̾˥磻ɥɤѤƥԥ򤹤뤳Ȥˤꡢ
stable 뤳ȤǤޤ㤨:

<example>
Package: *
Pin: release a=stable
Pin-Priority: 1001
</example>

<p>
嵭Τ褦ꤷȤǡ<tt>apt-get -u dist-upgrade</tt> ȤС
stable Ǥ˥ƥ󥰥졼ɤ뤳ȤǤޤ

<p>
Υԥϡѥå <tt>version</tt>, <tt>release</tt>, 
<tt>origin</tt> ФƹԤʤȤǤޤ

<p>
<tt>version</tt> Фԥϡ嵭Τ褦ˡ磻ɥɤ
ȤäʣС٤˻ꤹ뤳Ȥ⡢ΥС
ꤹ뤳ȤǤޤ

<p>
<tt>release</tt> ץϡCD ˤ APT ݥȥΥ꡼
ե˰¸ޤΥե󶡤Ƥʤѥåݥȥ
ȤäƤʤ顢ΥץΩޤ<tt>/var/lib/apt/lists/</tt>
ˤݥȥեȤ򸫤뤳ȤǤޤ꡼
ѥ᡼ȤƤ:
<tt>a</tt> (archive), <tt>c</tt> (components), <tt>v</tt> (version),
<tt>o</tt> (origin)  <tt>l</tt> (label) ޤ

<p>
ʲǤ:

<example>
Package: *
Pin: release v=2.2*,a=stable,c=main,o=Debian,l=Debian
Pin-Priority: 1001
</example>

ǤϡDebian С 2.2* (2.2r2  2.2r3 оݤȤʤޤ -- 
 "ݥȥ꡼" ΤȤǡƥեå¾ζˤƽפ
åץǡȤޤݤˤ褯Ȥޤ) ǡ<tt>stable</tt> ݥȥꡢ
(<tt>contrib</tt>  <tt>non-free</tt> Ф) <tt>main</tt> 
origin  label  Debian 򤽤줾򤷤Ƥޤorigin (o=) ϥ꡼
եԤlabel (l=) ϥǥȥӥ塼̾ɽ路ޤ
㤨 Debian  Debian ΤǤꡢProgeny  Progeny Debian ̣ޤ
꡼եʲ˼ޤ:

<example>
$ cat /var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.debian.org.br_debian_dists_potato_main_binary-i386_Release
Archive: stable
Version: 2.2r3
Component: main
Origin: Debian
Label: Debian
Architecture: i386
</example>
</sect>
</chapt>

<chapt id="helpers">ȤƤץ

<sect id="equivs">ǥѥ뤵줿ѥåΥ󥹥ȡˡ: equivs

<p>
Debian ѥåƤʤɤΤѲǽС
ץΤȤ礬Ǥ礦ȥѥå
ƥबȥ֥򵯤ȤޤŻҥ᡼륵ФοС
ѥ뤷ƤߤƤƤޤޤDebian 
¿Υѥå MTA ˰¸Ƥޤʬǥѥ뤷Τ򥤥
ȡ뤷Ƥ⡢ѥåƥϤλ˵ŤƤޤ

<p>
 <package>equivs</package> о줹֤ǤȤˤϡƱ̾
ѥå򥤥󥹥ȡ뤷ƤƱѥåԤʤΤϡ¸ط
Υѥå뤳Ȥǡˤѥå󥰥ƥ
¸طƤȿޤޤ

<p>
äϤˡDebian ѥå¸ߤץ򡢰ۤʤ
ץդǥѥ뤹äȰˡꡢʬƤ뤳Ȥ
ǤʤΤʤ顢¸ط֤Τ equivs Ȥ٤ǤϤʤ
ȤϡФƤ褤Ǥ礦ܤϡ
<ref id="sourcehandling"> Υ򻲾ȤƤ

<p>

MTA ˤä³ޤ礦ʤϿ˥ѥ뤷 postfix 
󥹥ȡ뤷Фǡ٤ <package>mutt</package> 򥤥󥹥ȡ
褦ȤƤޤ<package>mutt</package> ¾ MTA 򥤥
ȡ뤷äƤΤȯޤǤʤˤϼʬѤ MTA 
Ǥˤޤ

<p>
(Ȥ <file>/tmp</file> ʤɤ) ǥ쥯ȥذܤäơΤ褦
¹ԤƤ:

<example>
# equivs-control <var>name</var>
</example>

<var>name</var> βսϡȥե֤̾
ʲΤ褦˥ե뤬Ǥ礦:

<example>
Section: misc
Priority: optional
Standards-Version: 3.0.1

Package: &lt;enter package name; defaults to equivs-dummy&gt;
Version: &lt;enter version here; defaults to 1.0&gt;
Maintainer: &lt;your name and email address; defaults to username&gt;
Pre-Depends: &lt;packages&gt;
Depends: &lt;packages&gt;
Recommends: &lt;packages&gt;
Suggests: &lt;package&gt;
Provides: &lt;(virtual)package&gt;
Architecture: all
Copyright: &lt;copyright file; defaults to GPL2&gt;
Changelog: &lt;changelog file; defaults to a generic changelog&gt;
Readme: &lt;README.Debian file; defaults to a generic one&gt;
Extra-Files: &lt;additional files for the doc directory, comma separated&gt;
Description: &lt;short description; defaults to some wise words&gt;
 long description and info
 .
 second paragraph
</example>

˾̤˽ɬפǤեɤΥեޥåȤȡ
įƤơˤĤơɬפϤʤǤ礦
ɬפʤȤäƤޤޤ礦

<example>
Section: misc
Priority: optional
Standards-Version: 3.0.1

Package: mta-local
Provides: mail-transport-agent
</example>

ǽǤ<package>mutt</package>  
<tt>mailt-transport-agent</tt> ˰¸ƤꡢϤ MTA ˤä
󶡤벾ۥѥåǤñ˥ѥå̾
<tt>mailt-transport-agent</tt> Ȥ뤳ȤǤޤԤ Provides Ȥä
ۥѥåγפ򼨤ߤǤ 

<p>
ȤϥѥåۤǤ:

<example>
# equivs-build <var>name</var>
dh_testdir
touch build-stamp
dh_testdir
dh_testroot
dh_clean -k
# Add here commands to install the package into debian/tmp.
touch install-stamp
dh_testdir
dh_testroot
dh_installdocs
dh_installchangelogs
dh_compress
dh_fixperms
dh_installdeb
dh_gencontrol
dh_md5sums
dh_builddeb
dpkg-deb: building package `<var>name</var>' in `../<var>name</var>_1.0_all.deb'.

The package has been created.
Attention, the package has been created in the current directory,
</example>

ơ褢ä <tt>.deb</tt> 򥤥󥹥ȡ뤷Ƥ

<p>
ȽΤ褦ˡ<prgn>equivs</prgn> ˤ͡ʻˡޤȤС
ʤĤ⥤󥹥ȡ뤹ץ˰¸ <tt>my-favorites</tt> ѥå
뤳ȤǽǤͳϤȤƤޤޤ󤬡ѿ
Ƥ

<p>
<file>/usr/share/doc/equivs/examples</file> ˥ȥեθܤ
ޤΤ˺ʤ褦ˡåƤ
</sect>

<sect id="localepurge">ѤƤʤ locale ե: localepurge

<p>
¿ Debian 桼ϡä 1  locale ȤäƤޤ󡣤Ȥ
֥饸 Debian 桼ʤ顢ʤϾ <tt>pt_BR</tt> Ȥ locale 
ȤǤ礦

<p>
<package>localepurge</package> ϡΥ桼ˤȤäΩ
ġǤ˻Ȥ locale ΤߤĤȤˤꡢ̤Υǥ̤
Ǥޤ<tt>apt-get install localepurge</tt> Ƥ

<p>
ϤȤƤñǡdebconf μ˱äƽ̤ꤷƤޤǤ
ǽμˤϿŤƤְäƤޤȡʤȤ
ΤޤƤ locale ե뤬뤫⤷ޤ󡣥ե
ʤϡ󶡤ѥåƥ󥹥ȡ뤹뤷ޤ
</sect>
</chapt>

<chapt id="search">ѥå

<p>
APT ƥˤϡѥå°Ƥ륻١
ʤɤ򸫤뤿ΥեȥɥץƱͤˡ󥹥ȡ
ǽ뤤ϥ󥹥ȡѤΥѥå򤭤ưפꤹ
ΥեȥɥץबĤޤ

<p>
Ǥ... Ǥβ桹Ū APT ΤλȤؤ֤ȤǤäơ
󥹥ȡ뤷ѥå̾򸫤ĤˤϤɤɤΤǤ礦

<p>
ŪΤˤϡĤΥ꥽ޤ<tt>apt-cache</tt> 
Ϥޤ礦ΥץϡAPT ƥबʬΥǡ١
뤿˻ȤޤǤϡŪʱѤˤĤƳѤ
Ȥˤޤ礦

<sect id="cache">ѥå̾ȯ

<p>
㤨С줭ɤ Atari 2600 ˤĤƲۤÿꤿȤޤ礦
APT Ȥä Atari ߥ졼򥤥󥹥ȡ뤷ĤΥ
ɤǤޤΤ褦ˤƤ:

<example>
[root]@[/] # apt-cache search atari
atari-fdisk-cross - Partition editor for Atari (running on non-Atari)
circuslinux - The clowns are trying to pop balloons to score points!
madbomber - A Kaboom! clone
tcs - Character set translator.
atari800 - Atari emulator for svgalib/X/curses
stella - Atari 2600 Emulator for X windows
xmess-x - X binaries for Multi-Emulator Super System
</example>

õƤΤ˴Ϣ뤤ĤΥѥåȡδñɽ
ƤޤΥѥå˴ؤ뤵˾ܤˤϡ
Τ褦ˤƤ:

<example>
[root]@[/] # apt-cache show stella  
Package: stella
Priority: extra
Section: non-free/otherosfs
Installed-Size: 830
Maintainer: Tom Lear &lt;tom@trap.mtview.ca.us&gt;
Architecture: i386
Version: 1.1-2
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.1), libstdc++2.10, xlib6g (>= 3.3.5-1)
Filename: dists/potato/non-free/binary-i386/otherosfs/stella_1.1-2.deb
Size: 483430
MD5sum: 11b3e86a41a60fa1c4b334dd96c1d4b5
Description: Atari 2600 Emulator for X windows
 Stella is a portable emulator of the old Atari 2600 video-game console
 written in C++.  You can play most Atari 2600 games with it.  The latest
 news, code and binaries for Stella can be found at:
 http://www4.ncsu.edu/~bwmott/2600
</example>

嵭νϤ顢󥹥ȡ뤷 (뤤Ϥʤ) ѥå
ܺ٤뤳ȤǤΥѥåδʸ⤢ޤ
Υѥå󥹥ȡѤǡ⿷СѲǽʤ顢
ξСξɽޤ㤨:

<example>
[root]@[/] # apt-cache show lilo
Package: lilo
Priority: important
Section: base
Installed-Size: 271
Maintainer: Russell Coker &lt;russell@coker.com.au&gt;
Architecture: i386
Version: 1:21.7-3
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.2.1-2), debconf (>=0.2.26), logrotate
Suggests: lilo-doc
Conflicts: manpages (<<1.29-3)
Filename: pool/main/l/lilo/lilo_21.7-3_i386.deb
Size: 143052
MD5sum: 63fe29b5317fe34ed8ec3ae955f8270e
Description: LInux LOader - The Classic OS loader can load Linux and others
 This Package contains lilo (the installer) and boot-record-images to
 install Linux, OS/2, DOS and generic Boot Sectors of other OSes.
 .
 You can use Lilo to manage your Master Boot Record (with a simple text screen)
 or call Lilo from other Boot-Loaders to jump-start the Linux kernel.

Package: lilo
Status: install ok installed
Priority: important
Section: base
Installed-Size: 190
Maintainer: Vincent Renardias &lt;vincent@debian.org&gt;
Version: 1:21.4.3-2
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.1.2)
Recommends: mbr
Suggests: lilo-doc
Description: LInux LOader - The Classic OS loader can load Linux and others
 This Package contains lilo (the installer) and boot-record-images to
 install Linux, OS/2, DOS and generic Boot Sectors of other OSes.
 .
 You can use Lilo to manage your Master Boot Record (with a simple text screen)
 or call Lilo from other Boot-Loaders to jump-start the Linux kernel.
</example>

ǽΤΤѲǽʥѥåΤΤǡܤ󥹥ȡѤ
ΤǤ뤳ȤդƤѥå˴ؤŪʾˤϡ
Τ褦ˤƤ:

<example>
[root]@[/] # apt-cache showpkg penguin-command
Package: penguin-command
Versions: 
1.4.5-1(/var/lib/apt/lists/download.sourceforge.net_debian_dists_unstable_main_binary-i386_Packages)(/var/lib/dpkg/status)

Reverse Depends: 
Dependencies: 
1.4.5-1 - libc6 (2 2.2.1-2) libpng2 (0 (null)) libsdl-mixer1.1 (2 1.1.0) libsdl1.1 (0 (null)) zlib1g (2 1:1.1.3) 
Provides: 
1.4.5-1 - 
Reverse Provides: 
</example>

ˤɤΥѥå˰¸ƤΤ򸫤ˤ:

<example>
[root]@[/] # apt-cache depends penguin-command
penguin-command
  Depends: libc6
  Depends: libpng2
  Depends: libsdl-mixer1.1
  Depends: libsdl1.1
  Depends: zlib1g
</example>

ޤȤȡ桹ߤѥå̾õΤ˻Ȥ¿ͤä
뤳Ȥˤʤޤ
</sect>

<sect id="dpkg-search">dpkg Ȥäƥѥå̾õ

<p>
ѥå̾ꤹˡΰĤˡѥåνפʥե̾
ΤäƤ礬ޤ㤨С <tt>".h"</tt> ե뤬ʤ
ѥǤʤ硢Τ褦ˤƤ

<example>
[root]@[/] # dpkg -S stdio.h
libc6-dev: /usr/include/stdio.h
libc6-dev: /usr/include/bits/stdio.h
perl: /usr/lib/perl/5.6.0/CORE/nostdio.h
</example>

뤤:

<example>
[root]@[/] # dpkg -S /usr/include/stdio.h
libc6-dev: /usr/include/stdio.h
</example>

ƥ˥󥹥ȡѤΥѥå̾õ⡢Ǥ㤨С
ϡɥǥݽʤ鼡Τ褦ˤƤ

<example>
[root]@[/] # dpkg -l | grep mozilla
ii  mozilla-browse 0.9.6-7        Mozilla Web Browser
</example>

Υޥɤϡѥå̾ "ڤ" ޤȤǤ
嵭ȡѥå̾ <tt>mozilla-browser</tt> Ǥ
н褹ˤϡΤ褦˴Ķѿ <tt>COLUMNS</tt> ȤȤǤޤ:

<example>
[kov]@[couve] $ COLUMNS=132 dpkg -l | grep mozilla
ii  mozilla-browser             0.9.6-7                     Mozilla Web Browser - core and browser
</example>

뤤ϼΤ褦ˡdescription ΰȤȤǤޤ:

<example>
[root]@[/] # apt-cache search "Mozilla Web Browser"
mozilla-browser - Mozilla Web Browser
</example>
</sect>

<sect id="auto-apt">"ɬפ˱" ѥå򥤥󥹥ȡ뤹ˡ

<p>
ץ򥳥ѥ뤷Ƥơޤäɥ  顼
ϡ <tt>.h</tt> ե뤬̵äǤΤ褦
Ÿϡ<prgn>auto-apt</prgn> ץȤȤ򤱤ޤ
ѥåɬפˤʤäǥ󥹥ȡ뤹뤫ɤҤ͡
Ϣץߤơ󥹥ȡ뤬λƳޤ

<p>
ŪˤϡΤ褦˼¹ԤƤ:

<example>
auto-apt run command
</example>

'command' θĽˤϡ¹ԤΤɬפʥե뤬̵ޥɤ
ꤷƤ㤨:

<example>
auto-apt run ./configure
</example>

ɬפʥѥå򥤥󥹥ȡ뤹뤫ɤҤͤƤơưŪ
apt-get ƤӽФޤX μ¹ǤСǥեȤΥƥ
󥿡եäƥե륤󥿡եȤ
ޤ

<p>
auto-apt ϥǡ١äƤꡢŪ˻ȤˤϤ򹹿
ɬפޤΤˤϡ<tt>auto-apt update</tt>, <tt>auto-apt updatedb</tt>,
<tt>auto-apt update-local</tt> ʤɤΥޥɤȤޤ
</sect>

<sect id="apt-listchanges">ѥåѹΤ餻ˡ

<p>
ɤΥѥå⡢̤Υɥѥǥ쥯ȥ 
(<tt>/usr/share/doc/packagename</tt>) ˡ<tt>changelog.Debian.gz</tt> Ȥ
ե򥤥󥹥ȡ뤷ޤΥեϡΥС󤫤ѹ
ޤǤޤäեϡ'<tt>zless</tt>' ʤɤνڤɤळ
Ǥޤƥ򥢥åץ졼ɤʤɤϡåץ졼ɤ줿
ƥѥå changelog õΤ˹ޤޤ

<p>
<prgn>apt-listchanges</prgn> ȤġȤäơκȤưǤޤ
ޤ <package>apt-listchanges</package> ѥå򥤥󥹥ȡ뤹ɬפ
ޤ󥹥ȡˡDebconf ԤʤޤФơ
ʤδ˾褦Ƥ

<p>
"Should apt-listchanges be automatically run by apt?" Ȥץϡ
åץ졼 apt ˤäƥ󥹥ȡ뤵褦ȤƤƥѥå
ѹɽȤ³ˤƤǧǤΤǡΩޤ
"Should apt-listchanges prompt for confirmation after displaying changes?" 
ץϡѹɤǡ󥹥ȡ³뤫ɤ䤤
䤤碌ƤΤΩޤ³˾ޤʤСapt-listchanges 
顼֤apt ϥ󥹥ȡߤޤ

<p>
apt-listchanges 󥹥ȡ뤵Фˡθɤ줿 (뤤
 CD ޥȤ줿ǥꤷ) ѥåϥ󥹥ȡ뤵
ѹɽ褦ˤʤޤ
</sect>
</chapt>

<chapt id="sourcehandling">ѥåǤκ

<sect id="source">ѥåΥ

<p>
ե꡼եȥǤϡɤٶꡢХ¿
ΤϤ褯뤳ȤǤΤˤϡץΥ
ɤʤФʤʤǤ礦APT ƥϥǥȥӥ塼
¿ΥץΥɤȡΥץ .deb 뤿
ɬפեꤹ뤿Ρñˡ󶡤ޤ

<p>
Debian Τ褯ȤȤƤϡץοС
Ŭ礵ʤɤǤ㤨Сstable ǥȥӥ塼 
unstable ΥץȤʤɡѥå stable Ѥ
ѥ뤹ˤϡΥǥȥӥ塼Ѳǽʤ褦
¸طĴ .deb ޤ

<p>
Τˤϡ<tt>/etc/apt/sources.list</tt>  <tt>deb-src</tt> 
ȥ꤬ unstable ȤʤäƤʤФʤޤ󡣤˥ȥ꤬
ͭ (󥳥) ˤʤäƤɬפޤ<ref id="sources.list"> 
ȤƤ

<p>
ѥåɤˤϡʲΥޥɤȤäƤ:

<example>
$ apt-get source packagename
</example>

ˤ 3 ĤΥե뤬ɤޤ: <tt>.orig.tar.gz</tt>, 
<tt>.dsc</tt>, <tt>.diff.gz</tt> ǤDebian Ѥ˺줿ѥå
硢3 ܤΥեϥɤ줺ǽΤΤե̾ 
<tt>"org"</tt> դޤ


<p>
<tt>.dsc</tt> եϡdpkg-source ѥå 
<var>packagename-version</var> Υǥ쥯ȥŸ뤿
Ȥޤɤ줿ƥѥåˤϡ.deb ѥå
뤿ɬפʥե뤬ޤޤƤ <tt>debian/</tt> ǥ쥯ȥ꤬
ޤ

<p>
ɤѥåưŪ˥ӥɤˤϡΤ褦
 <tt>-b</tt> 򥳥ޥɥ饤ղäޤ:

<example>
$ apt-get -b source packagename
</example>

ɻ .deb ʤΤʤ顢Τ褦ˤ뤳ȤǸ夫
뤳ȤǤޤ

<example>
$ dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -uc -b
</example>

嵭Υޥɤϡɤ줿ѥåǥ쥯ȥ
¹ԤƤ

<p>
<prgn>apt-get</prgn>  <tt>source</tt> ¾λȤǤϰ㤤ޤ
<tt>source</tt> ؼϡ̥桼ˤ¹Բǽǡ̤ root ¤
ɬפޤ󡣥եϡ<tt>apt-get source package</tt> ¹Ԥ줿
ǥ쥯ȥ˥ɤޤ
</sect>

<sect id="build-dep">ѥåΥѥɬפʥѥå

<p>
̾ѥå򥳥ѥ뤹ˤϡΥإå䶦ͭ
饤֥꤬¸ߤ뤳ȤɬפǤ .deb ѥåˤϡ
ȥե 'Build-Depends' Ȥեɤޤ
ϡΥѥå򥽡ӥɤݤˡɬפȤʤɲ
ѥåꤷƤޤ

<p>
APT ϤΥѥåɤΤưפˤޤ
<tt>apt-get build-dep package</tt> ¹ԤǤ'package' βս
ϡӥɤѥå̾Ǥ㤨:

<example>
[root]@[/] # apt-get build-dep gmc
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  comerr-dev e2fslibs-dev gdk-imlib-dev imlib-progs libgnome-dev libgnorba-dev
  libgpmg1-dev 
0 packages upgraded, 7 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1  not upgraded.
Need to get 1069kB of archives. After unpacking 3514kB will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
</example>

󥹥ȡ뤵Τϡ<package>gmc</package> Τ˥ӥɤ뤿
ɬפʥѥåǤΥޥɤϡӥɤץΥ
ѥåõʤȤդƤäơꤹ
Τ <tt>apt-get source</tt> ¹Ԥɬפޤ
</sect>
</chapt>

<chapt id="erros">顼ؤнˡ

<sect id="erros-comuns">褯륨顼

<p>
顼Ͼ˵¿ϥ桼դǤʲϡȤƤˤ
𤵤륨顼ȡнˡǤ

<p>
<tt>apt-get install package</tt> ¹ԤݤˡʲΤ褦
åä...

<example>
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
W: Couldn't stat source package list 'http://people.debian.org unstable/ Packages' (/var/state/apt/lists/people.debian.org_%7ekov_debian_unstable_Packages) - stat (2 No such file or directory)
W: You may want to run apt-get update to correct these missing files
E: Couldn't find package penguineyes
</example>

Ǹ <tt>/etc/apt/sources.list</tt> եǡ
<tt>apt-get update</tt> ¹ԤΤ˺ƤΤǤ礦

<p>
ʲΥ顼ξ:

<example>
E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13 Permission denied)
E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), are you root?
</example>

<tt>source</tt> ʳ <prgn>apt-get</prgn> ؼԤʤϡ
root ĤʤФʤޤ󡣤Ĥޤꡢ̥桼ȤƼ¹Ԥ
ޤäΤǤ

<p>
嵭˻顼ФΤϡ<prgn>apt-get</prgn> Ʊ 2 ļ¹
褦Ȥ䡢<prgn>dpkg</prgn> ΥץƤ֤ˡ
<prgn>apt-get</prgn> ¹Ԥ褦Ȥ礬ޤ
Ʊ¹ԤƼ¹ԤǤΤϡ<tt>source</tt> ؼǤ

<p>
󥹥ȡǻߤޤäƤޤΥѥå򥤥󥹥ȡ
뤳ȤǤʤʤä硢 2 ĤΥޥɤ¹ԤƤߤ


<example>
# apt-get -f install
# dpkg --configure -a
</example>

θǡ⤦ٻƤ嵭 2 ܤΥޥɤϡ
֤¹Ԥɬפ뤫⤷ޤ󡣤 'unstable' Ȥ
ȤˤȤäơפʶǤ
</sect>

<sect id="help">إפϤɤˤޤ?

<p>
ʤ顢Debian ѥå󥰥ƥѤѲǽ
ʥɥȤĴ٤ƤߤƤ<tt>/usr/share/doc/apt</tt> 
褦 <tt>/usr/share/doc</tt> ˤɥȤƱ͡
<tt>--help</tt> ץ man ڡ礭ʽȤʤǤ礦

<p>
ʾΥɥȤǤⶲݤ򿡤뤳ȤǤʤСDebian 
᡼󥰥ꥹDzõƤߤƤΥꥹȤ˴ؤ
 Debian Υ֥ȤǸĤޤ:
<url id="http://www.debian.org" name="http://www.debian.org">.

<p>
ΥꥹȤ꥽ϡDebian 桼Ѥ٤Ǥ뤳Ȥ
դƤ¾ΥƥΥ桼ˤϡƥǥȥӥ塼
ߥ˥ƥ꥽ͭɤݡȤǤ礦
</sect>
</chapt>

<chapt id="distros">APT бƤǥȥӥ塼?

<p>
ʲˡAPT ѤƤ뤤ĤΥǥȥӥ塼̾򼨤ޤ

<p>
Debian GNU/Linux (<url id="http://www.debian.org" name="http://www.debian.org">) 
- APT ȯ줿ΤϡΥǥȥӥ塼ΤˤǤ

<p>
Conectiva (<url id="http://www.conectiva.com.br" name="http://www.conectiva.com.br">) 
- APT  rpm Ȥ褦˰ܿǽΥǥȥӥ塼Ǥ

<p>
Mandrake (<url id="http://www.mandrake.com" name="http://www.mandrake.com">)
<p>
PLD (<url id="http://www.pld.org.pl" name="http://pld.org.pl">)
<p>
Vine (<url id="http://www.vinelinux.org" name="http://www.vinelinux.org">)
<p>
APT4RPM (<url id="http://apt4rpm.sf.net" name="http://apt4rpm.sf.net">)
</chapt>

<chapt id="agradecimentos">쥸å

<p>
Debian-BR ץȤȡDebian Τΰʤͧͤ˿դޤ
䤨֤ΤʤȡߤȤŪäƤФ
ʤפΤ˺Ȥ³ϤͿƤޤ :)

<p>
CIPSGA ФƲ桹ΥץȤؤ¿ʤϤˡޤʥǥ
ƤߤȤʤäե꡼ץȤˤ⡢դȻפޤ

<p>
ʲˤä˼հդɽޤ

<p>
Yooseong Yang &lt;yooseong@debian.org&gt; - ܥޥ˥奢ڹ
ޤ

<p>
Michael Bramer &lt;grisu@debian.org&gt; - Сݻޤ
褦ƤƤޤ

<p>
Bryan &lt;Stillwell bryan@bokeoa.com&gt; - Ƽѥå佤ʤɤ
äƤޤ

<p>
Pawel Tecza  &lt;pawel.tecza@poland.com&gt; - Ƽ､äƤ졢ޤ
ݡɸƤޤ

<p>
Pablo Lorenzzoni &lt;spectra@debian.org&gt; - netselect ˴ؤ
ɮƤޤ

<p>
Steve Langasek &lt;vorlon@netexpress.net&gt; - ܥޥ˥奢Ѹ
Ƥޤ

<p>
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@conectiva.com.br&gt; -  APT 
ޤǤǥȥӥ塼 - Mandrake, PLD, Vine - ꥹȤ
ɲäƤޤ

<p>
Erik Rossen &lt;rossen@freesurf.ch&gt; - dpkg -l Ǥ COLUMNS λѤȤ
tips 󶡤Ƥޤ

<p>
Ross Boylan &lt;RossBoylan@stanfordalumni.org&gt; - 
-o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes λѤȤ tips 󶡤Ƥޤ
</chapt>

<chapt id="novas">Υ塼ȥꥢοС

<p>
ܥޥ˥奢ϡDebian ȤͤνȤʤ뤳Ȥäơ
<url id="http://debian-br.cipsga.org.br"name="Debian-BR"> ץȤ
äƺޤ

<p>
ǿСϡץȤΥۡڡǽǤ:
<url id="http://debian-br.cipsga.org.br/suporte/documentacao.html" 
name="http://debian-br.cipsga.org.br/suporte/documentacao.html">. 

<p>
ȤȽϡ <email>kov@debian.org</email> ľܥ᡼
Ƥ
</chapt>

</book>