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/*
* extio.c
*
* Copyright 1999 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
* 2001-2004 Guido Guenther <agx@sigxcpu.org>
*
* Derived from e2fsprogs lib/ext2fs/unix_io.c
* Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, 1995 Theodore Ts'o.
*/
/* #define ARC_IO_ALLOW_WRITE */
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <ext2_fs.h>
#include <ext2fs.h>
#include <arc.h>
/*
* All About the Cache
*
* Without this cache, reading is horribly slow - it can take 30-60 seconds
* (or even more) to read a kernel. While this is a bootloader and we only
* do it once, that's still a very long time for the user to sit there with
* nothing happening (a progress indicator has also been added). The
* read workload looks like this: reads of the inode and indirection blocks
* interleaved with single-block reads of what are essentially contiguous
* regions of data blocks. As a concrete example, we might see:
*
* 100, 200, 100, 201, 100, 202, 100, 101, 203, 100, 101, 204, ...
*
* Therefore we could simply cache the last 4 or so blocks and get an
* immediate 50-67% speedup with minimal waste. However, it's possible to
* do better - in fact, a lot better. The ARCS calls are so expensive that
* it's worthwhile also to try doing readahead. Unless the filesystem is
* horribly fragmented, this will up our hit ratio to at least 85% or so
* with just 16 cache blocks (in fact if the fs is 0% fragmented, we could
* see 99% hits on the indirection blocks and about 92% on the data blocks,
* or about 96% overall! - even 80% would be adequate however).
*
* We really have two caches: a traditional LRU single-block cache, and a
* readahead multiblock scatter/gather cache. They are however unified to
* speed lookup. CACHE_SIZE is the total number of cacheable blocks, and
* CACHE_SG_MAX is the maximum size of a s/g request. The overall
* implementation is based on the one in unix_io, but has a lot of changes
* to accomodate readahead.
*
* Lookup is straightforward: the cache is fully associative, so we do a
* linear search for the requested block number (it is only possible to
* search for one block at a time). Alloc requests are handled differently.
* We start with the age of the oldest block and work newer until we have
* enough blocks to satisfy the sg request. These blocks have their bufs
* point into the per-cache arc_sg_buf and the number of successfully allocated
* blocks is then returned after invalidating each allocated cache block and
* recording the block it will reference. A later call to fill_sg_blocks
* will perform a single read to fill the entire cache "line."
*
* When any sg cache block is reused, the sg cached data is first copied into
* the per-cache buffer for all sg cache blocks, and then all buffer pointers
* in the sg cache blocks are reset. Note that we only do this for the
* cache blocks we aren't going to immediately reuse.
*
* We don't have any reliable replacement for time(2), so instead we just use
* a monotonically increasing counter incremented by any function that looks
* into the cache. We do risk overflow, but if we do 2**32 cache lookups
* the machine has probably failed to do anything useful anyway.
*
* Important: there are two large simplifying assumptions here:
* (1) The filesystem is universally read-only. There are no other processes
* which can write to this filesystem on this or any remote system.
* (2) We are single-threaded.
*
* As such, we do not have code here to handle locking, coherency, or aliases.
* This is fine for a bootloader but dangerous in other situations. If
* ARC_IO_ALLOW_WRITE is enabled (it's off by default), then on any write will
* the cache will act as write-through, and the entire cache will be
* invalidated. This is the most naive correct implementation. If writing
* becomes an important task, this will need to be revisited; the unix_io
* writeback cache is a good starting point.
*/
#define CACHE_SIZE 16
#define CACHE_SG_MAX 12
#define CACHE_IS_SG(_cache) ((_cache)->buf != (_cache)->alloc_buf)
struct arc_cache {
char *buf;
char *alloc_buf;
unsigned long block;
int last_use;
int in_use:1;
};
static struct arc_cache *sg_cblocks[CACHE_SG_MAX];
static unsigned long virtual_time;
struct arc_private_data {
int magic;
OPENMODE mode;
ULONG fileID;
struct arc_cache cache[CACHE_SIZE];
char *arc_sg_buf;
unsigned long total_read;
unsigned long seek_pos;
int seek_pos_valid:1;
};
static void arc_progress(struct arc_private_data *, unsigned long);
static errcode_t alloc_cache(io_channel, struct arc_private_data *);
static void free_cache(io_channel, struct arc_private_data *);
static void reset_one_cache(io_channel, struct arc_private_data *,
struct arc_cache *, int);
static void reset_sg_cache(io_channel, struct arc_private_data *, int);
static struct arc_cache *find_cached_block(io_channel,
struct arc_private_data *, unsigned long);
static int alloc_sg_blocks(io_channel, struct arc_private_data *,
unsigned long, int);
static errcode_t fill_sg_blocks(io_channel, struct arc_private_data *, int);
static errcode_t raw_read_blk(io_channel, struct arc_private_data *,
unsigned long, int, char *);
static void mul64(unsigned long, int, LARGEINTEGER *);
static errcode_t arc_seek(io_channel, unsigned long);
static errcode_t arc_open(const char *name, int flags, io_channel * channel);
static errcode_t arc_close(io_channel channel);
static errcode_t arc_set_blksize(io_channel channel, int blksize);
static errcode_t arc_read_blk
(io_channel channel, unsigned long block, int count, void *data);
static errcode_t arc_write_blk
(io_channel channel, unsigned long block, int count, const void *data);
static errcode_t arc_flush(io_channel channel);
static struct struct_io_manager struct_arc_manager = {
.magic = EXT2_ET_MAGIC_IO_MANAGER,
.name = "ARC PROM I/O Manager",
.open = arc_open,
.close = arc_close,
.set_blksize = arc_set_blksize,
.read_blk = arc_read_blk,
.write_blk = arc_write_blk,
.flush = arc_flush,
};
io_manager arc_io_manager = &struct_arc_manager;
int arc_do_progress = 0;
static int hits, misses;
static void
arc_progress(struct arc_private_data *priv, unsigned long count)
{
int hitrate_w = (hits * 1000) / (hits + misses) / 10;
int hitrate_f = (hits * 1000) / (hits + misses) % 10;
priv->total_read += count;
printf("\r%lx (cache: %u.%u%%)", priv->total_read, hitrate_w,
hitrate_f);
#ifdef DEBUG
if ((hits + misses) % 100 == 0)
printf("hits: %u misses %u\n\r", hits, misses);
#endif
}
/*
* Allocates memory for a single file's cache.
*/
static errcode_t
alloc_cache(io_channel channel, struct arc_private_data *priv)
{
errcode_t status;
struct arc_cache *cache;
int i;
for(i = 0, cache = priv->cache; i < CACHE_SIZE; i++, cache++) {
memset(cache, 0, sizeof (struct arc_cache));
if ((status = ext2fs_get_mem(channel->block_size,
(void **) &cache->alloc_buf)) != 0)
return (status);
cache->buf = cache->alloc_buf;
}
return (ext2fs_get_mem(channel->block_size * CACHE_SG_MAX,
(void **) &priv->arc_sg_buf));
}
/*
* Frees all memory associated with a single file's cache.
*/
static void
free_cache(io_channel channel, struct arc_private_data *priv)
{
struct arc_cache *cache;
int i;
for (i = 0, cache = priv->cache; i < CACHE_SIZE; i++, cache++) {
if (cache->alloc_buf)
ext2fs_free_mem((void **) &cache->alloc_buf);
memset(cache, 0, sizeof (struct arc_cache));
}
ext2fs_free_mem((void **) &priv->arc_sg_buf);
}
/*
* Resets a cache block. If the cache block is a valid sg block, the contents
* will be copied from the sg buffer into the private buffer. For all blocks,
* the private buffer will be current. If discard is set, the block will
* also be invalidated.
*/
static void
reset_one_cache(io_channel channel, struct arc_private_data *priv,
struct arc_cache *cache, int discard)
{
if (CACHE_IS_SG(cache) && discard == 0 && cache->in_use != 0)
memcpy(cache->alloc_buf, cache->buf, channel->block_size);
if (discard != 0)
cache->in_use = 0;
cache->buf = cache->alloc_buf;
}
/*
* Resets all sg cache blocks. If a block is in the first
* alloc_count entries in sg_cblocks (meaning it has been allocated for
* immediate reuse) then also discards the contents.
*/
static void
reset_sg_cache(io_channel channel, struct arc_private_data *priv,
int alloc_count)
{
struct arc_cache *cache;
int i, j, discard;
for (i = 0, cache = priv->cache; i < CACHE_SIZE; i++, cache++) {
if (CACHE_IS_SG(cache)) {
discard = 0;
for (j = 0; j < alloc_count; j++) {
if (sg_cblocks[j] == cache) {
discard = 1;
break;
}
}
reset_one_cache(channel, priv, cache, discard);
}
}
}
/*
* Read count blocks starting at block directly from channel into buf, which
* must be of size >= channel->block_size * count. No attempt is made to
* use or update any caches; however, if the last ARC read left the file
* pointer at the requested block, we avoid seeking.
*/
static errcode_t
raw_read_blk(io_channel channel, struct arc_private_data *priv,
unsigned long block, int count, char *buf)
{
errcode_t status;
size_t length = 0;
if (priv->seek_pos_valid == 0 || priv->seek_pos != block) {
status = arc_seek(channel, block);
priv->seek_pos = block + count;
} else {
status = 0;
}
/* If something fails, priv->seek_pos is bogus. */
priv->seek_pos_valid = 0;
if (status == 0) {
length = (count < 0) ? -count : count * channel->block_size;
ULONG nread = 0;
status = ArcRead(priv->fileID, buf, length, &nread);
if ((nread > 0) && (nread < length)) {
status = EXT2_ET_SHORT_READ;
memset(((char *) buf) + nread, 0, length - nread);
}
if (status != 0 && channel->read_error != NULL) {
status = (channel->read_error)
(channel, block, count, buf, length, nread, status);
}
} else {
status = EXT2_ET_BAD_BLOCK_NUM;
}
if (status == 0) {
priv->seek_pos_valid = 1;
if (arc_do_progress != 0)
arc_progress(priv, (unsigned long) length);
}
return (status);
}
/*
* For the file associated with channel and priv, find block in the cache.
* In the case of a miss, return NULL. The last access "time" will be
* updated to refresh the LRU. Note that this is much different from the
* unix_io.c version of the same function; because our allocation step is
* far more complex to cover readahead, it is dealt with in alloc_sg_blocks.
*/
static struct arc_cache *
find_cached_block(io_channel channel, struct arc_private_data *priv,
unsigned long block)
{
struct arc_cache *cache;
int i;
++virtual_time;
for (i = 0, cache = priv->cache; i < CACHE_SIZE; i++, cache++)
if (cache->block == block) {
cache->last_use = virtual_time;
++hits;
return (cache);
}
++misses;
return (NULL);
}
/*
* Allocate a set of cache blocks whose buffers are contiguous. The cache
* blocks are found in sg_cblocks. The number of allocated blocks is the
* return value; a return value of 0 indicates an error. The cache blocks
* are not filled here; use fill_sg_blocks for that.
*/
static int
alloc_sg_blocks(io_channel channel, struct arc_private_data *priv,
unsigned long block, int count)
{
struct arc_cache *cache, *oldest_cache;
int i, unused_count, age_mark;
if (count > CACHE_SG_MAX)
count = CACHE_SG_MAX;
++virtual_time;
oldest_cache = NULL;
unused_count = 0;
/* First use unused blocks, if any are available. */
for (i = 0, cache = priv->cache; i < CACHE_SIZE && unused_count < count;
i++, cache++) {
if (cache->in_use == 0) {
sg_cblocks[unused_count++] = cache;
continue;
}
if (!oldest_cache || cache->last_use < oldest_cache->last_use)
oldest_cache = cache;
}
/* If we don't have enough blocks yet, evict the LRUs. */
if (unused_count < count) {
for (age_mark = oldest_cache->last_use;
unused_count < count && age_mark <= virtual_time;
age_mark++) {
for (i = 0, cache = priv->cache;
i < CACHE_SIZE && unused_count < count;
i++, cache++) {
if (cache->in_use == 0)
continue;
if (cache->last_use == age_mark)
sg_cblocks[unused_count++] = cache;
}
}
}
/*
* At this point it's impossible not to have count blocks. However,
* even if we somehow don't, it's not fatal - perhaps someone
* decided to use some future lru timestamp to lock an entry or
* something. In this case, we just continue on, and make sure the
* caller knows we didn't allocate as much as was requested.
*/
/*
* Now we set up the cache blocks. Their buffers need to be
* set to the sg buffer and they must be marked invalid (we will
* mark them valid once fill_sg_blocks fills them).
*/
reset_sg_cache(channel, priv, count);
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
cache = sg_cblocks[i];
cache->in_use = 0;
cache->block = block + i;
cache->buf = priv->arc_sg_buf + i * channel->block_size;
}
return (count);
}
/*
* Fill the first count cache blocks in sg_cblocks with contiguous data from
* the file. The block numbers are already stored in the cache metadata
* by a mandatory previous call to alloc_sg_blocks. This can fail if there
* is an i/o error.
*/
static errcode_t
fill_sg_blocks(io_channel channel, struct arc_private_data *priv, int count)
{
errcode_t status;
int i;
status = raw_read_blk(channel, priv, sg_cblocks[0]->block, count,
priv->arc_sg_buf);
/*
* XXX Handle short read here: it may be that we've reached EOF and
* can mark some of the blocks valid.
*/
if (status == 0) {
for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
sg_cblocks[i]->in_use = 1;
sg_cblocks[i]->last_use = virtual_time;
}
}
return (status);
}
/*
* Mark the entire contents of the cache invalid, and reset any sg blocks
* to private buffers.
*/
static void
cache_invalidate(io_channel channel, struct arc_private_data *priv)
{
struct arc_cache *cache;
int i;
for (i = 0, cache = priv->cache; i < CACHE_SIZE; i++, cache++)
reset_one_cache(channel, priv, cache, 1);
}
static errcode_t
arc_open(const char *name, int flags, io_channel * pchannel)
{
io_channel channel = NULL;
struct arc_private_data *priv;
errcode_t status;
if (name == NULL)
return EXT2_ET_BAD_DEVICE_NAME;
status =
ext2fs_get_mem(sizeof(struct struct_io_channel),
(void **) &channel);
if (status == 0) {
memset(channel, 0, sizeof(struct struct_io_channel));
channel->name = NULL;
channel->private_data = NULL;
channel->magic = EXT2_ET_MAGIC_IO_CHANNEL;
channel->manager = arc_io_manager;
channel->block_size = 1024;
channel->read_error = NULL;
channel->write_error = NULL;
channel->refcount = 1;
status =
ext2fs_get_mem(strlen(name) + 1,
(void **) &channel->name);
if (status == 0) {
strcpy(channel->name, name);
status =
ext2fs_get_mem(sizeof(struct arc_private_data),
(void **) &priv);
if (status == 0) {
memset(priv, 0,
sizeof(struct arc_private_data));
channel->private_data = priv;
priv->magic = EXT2_ET_BAD_MAGIC;
priv->mode =
(flags & IO_FLAG_RW) ? OpenReadWrite :
OpenReadOnly;
status =
ArcOpen((char *) name, priv->mode,
&priv->fileID);
if( status ) {
status = EXT2_ET_BAD_DEVICE_NAME;
}
}
}
}
if (status == 0)
status = alloc_cache(channel, priv);
if (status == 0) {
*pchannel = channel;
} else if (channel != NULL) {
if (channel->name != NULL)
ext2fs_free_mem((void **) &channel->name);
if (channel->private_data != NULL)
ext2fs_free_mem((void **) &channel->private_data);
ext2fs_free_mem((void **) &channel);
}
return status;
}
static errcode_t arc_close(io_channel channel)
{
struct arc_private_data *priv;
errcode_t status = 0;
EXT2_CHECK_MAGIC(channel, EXT2_ET_MAGIC_IO_CHANNEL);
priv = (struct arc_private_data *) channel->private_data;
EXT2_CHECK_MAGIC(priv, EXT2_ET_BAD_MAGIC);
if (--channel->refcount == 0) {
status = ArcClose(priv->fileID);
free_cache(channel, priv);
if (channel->name != NULL)
ext2fs_free_mem((void **) &channel->name);
if (channel->private_data != NULL)
ext2fs_free_mem((void **) &channel->private_data);
ext2fs_free_mem((void **) &channel);
}
return status;
}
static errcode_t arc_set_blksize(io_channel channel, int blksize)
{
struct arc_private_data *priv;
errcode_t status;
EXT2_CHECK_MAGIC(channel, EXT2_ET_MAGIC_IO_CHANNEL);
priv = (struct arc_private_data *) channel->private_data;
EXT2_CHECK_MAGIC(priv, EXT2_ET_BAD_MAGIC);
if (channel->block_size != blksize) {
channel->block_size = blksize;
free_cache(channel, priv);
if ((status = alloc_cache(channel, priv)) != 0)
return (status);
}
return 0;
}
static void
mul64(unsigned long block, int blocksize, LARGEINTEGER *result)
{
ULONG m1l = block & 0x0FFFF, m1h = (block >> 16) & 0x0FFFF;
ULONG m2l = blocksize & 0x0FFFF, m2h = (blocksize >> 16) & 0x0FFFF;
ULONG i1 = m1l * m2h, i2 = m1h * m2l;
result->HighPart =
(m1h * m2h) + ((i1 >> 16) & 0x0FFFF) + ((i2 >> 16) & 0x0FFFF);
i1 =
(i1 & 0x0FFFF) + (i2 & 0x0FFFF) +
(((m1l * m2l) >> 16) & 0x0FFFF);
result->LowPart = ((i1 & 0x0FFFF) << 16) + ((m1l * m2l) & 0x0FFFF);
result->HighPart += (i1 >> 16) & 0x0FFFF;
}
static errcode_t
arc_seek(io_channel channel, unsigned long block)
{
struct arc_private_data *priv;
LARGEINTEGER position;
priv = (struct arc_private_data *) channel->private_data;
mul64(block, channel->block_size, &position);
return ArcSeek(priv->fileID, &position, SeekAbsolute);
}
/*
* Perform a cacheable read. First, the cache will be checked for an
* existing copy of the blocks. If present, they are copied into buf.
* Otherwise, we set up and execute a readahead, then copy the results into
* buf. The unix_io way is a little nicer; since it doesn't have readahead
* it knows that buf is always big enough in multicount scenarios and thus
* dispenses with the extra memcpy. There is an opportunity to improve this.
*/
static errcode_t
arc_read_blk(io_channel channel, unsigned long block, int count, void *buf)
{
struct arc_private_data *priv;
errcode_t status = 0;
struct arc_cache *cache;
char *cbuf = (char *) buf;
int cb_alloc;
EXT2_CHECK_MAGIC(channel, EXT2_ET_MAGIC_IO_CHANNEL);
priv = (struct arc_private_data *) channel->private_data;
EXT2_CHECK_MAGIC(priv, EXT2_ET_BAD_MAGIC);
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("req %lu id %lu count %u\n\r", block, priv->fileID, count);
#endif
/* Odd-sized reads can't be cached. */
if (count < 0)
status = raw_read_blk(channel, priv, block, count, cbuf);
while (count > 0) {
if ((cache = find_cached_block(channel, priv, block)) == NULL)
break;
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("Cache hit on block %lu\n\r", block);
#endif
memcpy(cbuf, cache->buf, channel->block_size);
count--;
block++;
cbuf += channel->block_size;
}
/*
* Cache miss. Although it could be that there's just a hole
* in the cache, it's far more likely and easier to handle
* that we've reached the end of a readahead blockset. Thus
* we just stop looking in the cache for the rest until after
* we do a readahead. We could try to put in some
* heuristics here to avoid trashing the cache unnecessarily
* for reads we expect are not part of a sequential set.
*/
while (count > 0) {
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("Cache miss on block %lu (readahead %u)\n\r",
block, CACHE_SG_MAX);
#endif
if ((cb_alloc = alloc_sg_blocks(channel, priv, block,
CACHE_SG_MAX)) == 0) {
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("%s\n\r", "Cache error: can't alloc any blocks");
#endif
/* Cache is broken, so do the raw read. */
cache_invalidate(channel, priv);
status = raw_read_blk(channel, priv, block, count,
cbuf);
break;
}
if ((status = fill_sg_blocks(channel, priv, cb_alloc)) != 0) {
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("Cache error (status %lu at block %lu(%u)\n\r",
(unsigned long) status, block, count);
#endif
/* Cache is broken, so do the raw read. */
cache_invalidate(channel, priv);
status = raw_read_blk(channel, priv, block, count,
cbuf);
break;
}
if (cb_alloc >= count) {
memcpy(cbuf, priv->arc_sg_buf,
count * channel->block_size);
return (0);
}
memcpy(cbuf, priv->arc_sg_buf, cb_alloc * channel->block_size);
count -= cb_alloc;
block += cb_alloc;
cbuf += cb_alloc * channel->block_size;
}
return (status);
}
static errcode_t
arc_write_blk (io_channel channel, unsigned long block, int count,
const void *buf) {
struct arc_private_data *priv;
errcode_t status;
EXT2_CHECK_MAGIC(channel, EXT2_ET_MAGIC_IO_CHANNEL);
priv = (struct arc_private_data *) channel->private_data;
EXT2_CHECK_MAGIC(priv, EXT2_ET_BAD_MAGIC);
status = arc_seek(channel, block);
#ifdef ARC_IO_ALLOW_WRITE
cache_invalidate(channel, priv);
priv->seek_pos_valid = 0;
if (status == 0) {
size_t length =
(count < 0) ? -count : count * channel->block_size;
ULONG nwritten = 0;
status =
ArcWrite(priv->fileID, (void *) buf, length,
&nwritten);
if ((nwritten > 0) && (nwritten < length))
status = EXT2_ET_SHORT_WRITE;
if ((status != ESUCCESS) && (channel->write_error != NULL)) {
status = (channel->write_error)
(channel, block, count, buf, length, nwritten, status);
}
}
#endif /* ARC_IO_ALLOW_WRITE */
return status;
}
static errcode_t arc_flush(io_channel channel)
{
struct arc_private_data *priv;
EXT2_CHECK_MAGIC(channel, EXT2_ET_MAGIC_IO_CHANNEL);
priv = (struct arc_private_data *) channel->private_data;
EXT2_CHECK_MAGIC(priv, EXT2_ET_BAD_MAGIC);
return 0;
}
/* Hack in some stuff to make ext2fs library work */
time_t time(time_t *t)
{
return 0;
}
/* We can get away with those two because libext2fs uses them only in
fileio.c for file size calculations, and the bootloader needs not
to read files >2GB (famous last words...). */
unsigned long long __udivdi3(unsigned long long numerator,
unsigned long long denominator)
{
// printf("ARGH! %s\n", __FUNCTION__);
return ((unsigned int)(numerator)) / ((unsigned int)(denominator));
}
unsigned long long __umoddi3(unsigned long long val, unsigned long long mod)
{
// printf("ARGH! %s\n", __FUNCTION__);
return ((unsigned int)(val)) % ((unsigned int)(mod));
}
struct et_list {
struct et_list *next;
const struct error_table *table;
};
struct et_list *_et_list = NULL;
void com_err(const char *whoami, long error, const char *format, ...)
{
printf("com_err called with %lu\n", error);
}
const char *ext2fs_strerror(long error)
{
struct et_list *list = _et_list;
while (list != NULL) {
if ((error >= list->table->base)
&& (error < (list->table->base + list->table->n_msgs))) {
return list->table->msgs[error -
list->table->base];
}
list = list->next;
}
return NULL;
}
void print_ext2fs_error(long error)
{
const char* msg;
msg = ext2fs_strerror(error);
if(msg)
printf("ext2fs - %s\n\r", msg);
else
printf("ext2fs - unknown error (%lu)\n\r", error);
}
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