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  <head>
    <title>targen</title>
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      charset=windows-1252">
    <meta name="author" content="Graeme Gill">
  </head>
  <body>
    <h2><b>target/targen</b></h2>
    <h3>Summary</h3>
    Generate a profiling test target values&nbsp;<a
      href="File_Formats.html#.ti1">.ti1</a> file. &nbsp;<b>targen</b>
    is used to generate the device channel test point values for
    grayscale, RGB, CMY, CMYK or N-color output or display devices. <br>
    <br>
    [ Note though that colprof will only create RGB, CMY or CMYK
    profiles. ]<br>
    <h3>Usage Summary</h3>
    <p><font face="monospace"><font style="font-size: 10pt" size="2">targen
[options]
          outfile<br>
          <a href="#v">-v [level]</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Verbose
          mode [optional verbose level, 1..n]<br>
          <a href="#d">-d col_comb</a>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;choose colorant combination from the
          following:<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0:
Print
          grey<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1:
Video
          grey<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2:
Print
          RGB<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3:
Video
          RGB<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4:
          CMYK<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5:
          CMY<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6:
CMYK
          + Light CM<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7:
CMYK
          + Light CMK<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8:
CMYK
          + Red + Blue<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9:
CMYK
          + Orange + Green<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10:
CMYK
          + Red + Green + Blue<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11:
CMYK
          + Orange + Green + Violet<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12:
CMYK
          + Orange + Green + Blue<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13:
CMYK
          + Light CMK + Light Light K<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;14:
CMYK
          + Orange + Green + Light CM<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;15:
CMYK
          + Light CM + Medium CM<br>
          <a href="#D">-D colorant</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;Add
          or delete colorant from combination:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0:
          Additive<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1:
          Cyan<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2:
          Magenta<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3:
          Yellow<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4:
          Black<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5:
          Orange<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6:
          Red<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7:
          Green<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8:
          Blue<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9:
          Violet<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10:
          White<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11:
Light
          Cyan<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12:
Light
          Magenta<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13:
Light
          Yellow<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;14:
Light
          Black<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;15:
Medium
          Cyan<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16:
Medium
          Magenta<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;17:
Medium
          Yellow<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;18:
Medium
          Black<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;19:
Light
          Light Black<br>
          <a href="#G">-G</a>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Generate
good
          optimzed points rather than Fast<br>
          <a href="#e">-e patches</a>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;White color test patches (default 4)<br>
          <a href="#B">-B
            patches</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Black test patches (default 4
          Grey/RGB,
          else 0)<br>
          <a href="#s">-s steps</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Single
          channel steps (default 0)<br>
          <a href="#g">-g steps</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gray
          axis RGB or CMY steps (default 0)<br>
          <a href="#n">-n steps</a>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Neutral axis steps (based on
          profile,
          default 0)<br>
          <a href="#m">-m steps</a>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Multidimensional
          device space cube steps (default 0)<br>
          <a href="#M">-M steps</a>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Multidimensional device space
          cube
          surface steps (default 0)<br>
          <a href="#b">-b steps</a>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Multidimensional body centered
          cubic
          steps (default 0)<br>
          <a href="#f">-f patches</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Add
          iterative &amp; adaptive full spread patches to total (default
          836)<br>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Default
is
          Optimised Farthest Point Sampling (OFPS)<br>
          <a href="#t">-t</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Use
incremental
          far point for full spread<br>
          <a href="#r">-r</a>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Use
device
          space random for full spread<br>
          <a href="#R">-R</a>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Use
perceptual
          space random for full spread<br>
          <a href="#q">-q</a>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Use
device
          space-filling quasi-random for full spread<br>
          <a href="#Q">-Q</a>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Use
perceptual
          space-filling quasi-random for full spread<br>
          <a href="#i">-i</a>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Use
device
          space body centered cubic grid for full spread<br>
          <a href="#I">-I</a>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Use
perceptual
          space body centered cubic grid for full spread<br>
          <a href="#a">-a
            angle</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Simplex grid angle
          0.0 - 0.5
          for B.C.C. grid, default 0.333300<br>
          <a href="#A">-A adaptation</a>
          Degree of adaptation of OFPS 0.0 - 1.0 (default 0.1, 1.0 if -c
          profile provided)<br>
          <a href="#t">-t</a>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Use
          incremental far point for full spread (default iterative)<br>
          <a href="#l">-l
            ilimit</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total ink limit in
          %(default =
          none, or estimated from profile)<br>
          <a href="#T" moz-do-not-send="true">-T
            ilimit</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Text and space total ink limit
          in % (default = same as -l)<br>
          <a href="#p">-p power</a>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Optional power-like value
          applied to
          all device values.<br>
          <a href="#c">-c profile</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Optional
          device ICC or MPP pre-conditioning profile filename<br>
          <a href="#N">-N
            emphasis</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;Degree of neutral axis patch
          concentration
          0-1. (default 0.50)<br>
          <a href="#V">-V emphasis</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;dark
          region patch concentration 1.0-4.0 (default 1.0 = none)<br>
          <a href="#F">-F
            L,a,b,rad</a> &nbsp;Filter out samples outside Lab sphere.<br>
          <a href="#O">-O</a>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don't
re-order
          display RGB patches for minimum delay<br>
          <a href="#U">-U</a>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Don't
filter
          out duplicate patches<br>
          <a href="#w">-w</a>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dump
          diagnostic outfile.x3d.html file (Lab locations)<br>
          <a href="#W">-W</a>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dump
diagnostic
          outfile.x3d.html file (Device locations)<br>
          <a href="#p1">outfile</a>
          &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Base name for output(.ti1)
        </font></font>
    </p>
    <h3>Usage Details and Discussion<br>
    </h3>
    The number of target patches needs to be chosen, depending on the
    media size, the type of device, and the quality of profile required.
    For an inkjet device, something like 3000 test points or more is
    desirable for high quality profiles, while 500-1000 will probably
    suffice for a medium quality profile. A few hundred may be
    sufficient for a preliminary profile. Well behaved printing devices
    (such as a chemical proof, or a high quality printing press) may
    produce good profiles with 1000 to 2000 test points. Well behaved
    RGB devices such as CRT monitors may need only a few hundred points,
    if a shaper/matrix type profile is to be produced, while pseudo RGB
    printers, or other RGB devices that a CLUT type profile may be used
    with, should probably choose somewhere between 500 and 3000 patches.
    For 'N' color profile creation, 3000 or more test points should
    probably be used.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="v"></a> The <b>-v</b> flag turns on extra verbosity when
    generating patch values. Extra diagnostics and verbosity may be
    available if a parameter is provided with a value greater than 1.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="d"></a> The <b>-d</b> parameter sets the colorspace the
    test values will be generated in. Video gray space is assumed to be
    an additive space, where a zero device value will be black, and a
    maximum device value will be white. A print gray space is assumed to
    be a subtractive space, in which a zero device value will be white,
    and a maximum device value will be black. If no colorspace is
    specified, subtractive CMYK is assumed as a default.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="D"></a> The <b>-D</b> parameter modifies the colorspace
    set by <span style="font-weight: bold;">-d</span> by allowing
    individual colorants to be added or subtracted from the colorspace.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="G"></a> The <b>-G</b> flag changes the Optimized Far Point
    Distribution (OFPS) algorithm from fast to good mode. Fast mode uses
    a limited number of iterations to optimize the patch locations,
    while good mode strives for a more even patch distribution by using
    more iterations.<br>
    <br>
    The composition of the test patches is controlled by the following
    flags and parameters:<br>
    <br>
    <a name="e"></a> The <b>-e</b> parameter sets the number of white
    colored test patches, defaulting to 4 if the -e flag isn't used. The
    white patches are usually very important in establishing white point
    that the ICC data is made relative to, so it improves robustness to
    use more than a single point.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="B"></a> The <b>-B</b> parameter sets the number of black
    colored test patches, defaulting to 4 if the -B flag isn't used and
    the colorspace is grey or RGB. The black point can be very important
    for characterizing additive color spaces, so measuring more than one
    black patch improves robustness over measuring just a single point.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="s"></a> The <b>-s</b> parameter sets the number of patches
    in a set of per colorant wedges. The steps are evenly spaced in
    device space by default, and the total number of test patches will
    be the number of colorants times the value specified with the -s
    flag. If the <span style="font-weight: bold;">-p</span> parameter
    is provided, then, then the steps will be distributed according to
    the power value. e.g. the option <span style="font-weight: bold;">-s





























      5</span> will generate steps at 0.0 0.25 0.5 0.75 and 1.0, while
    the option <span style="font-weight: bold;">-s 5 -p 2.0</span> will
    generate steps at 0.0 0.0625 0.25 0.5625 and 1.0. By default, no per
    colorant test wedge values are generated. When creating a test chart
    for a device that will be used as a source colorspace, it is often
    useful to generated some per colorant wedge values.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="g"></a> The <b>-g</b> parameter sets the number of patches
    in a set of combined (nominally gray) wedges. This will typically be
    equal RGB or CMY values, and by default will be equally spaced steps
    in device space. If the <span style="font-weight: bold;">-p</span>
    parameter is provided, then, then the steps will be distributed
    according to the power value. e.g. the option <span
      style="font-weight: bold;">-g 5</span> will generate steps at 0.0
    0.25 0.5 0.75 and 1.0, while the option <span style="font-weight:
      bold;">-g 5 -p 2.0</span> will generate steps at 0.0 0.0625 0.25
    0.5625 and 1.0. By default, no gray combination values are
    generated. When creating a test chart for a device that will be used
    as a source colorspace, it is often useful to generated some per
    colorant wedge values.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="n"></a>The <b>-n</b> parameter sets the number of patches
    in a set of neutral axis wedge steps. This uses the <a href="#c">pre-conditioning









      profile</a>, to lookup the assumed neutral axis device values. By
    default, no neutral axis values are generated. If you have a
    previous profile for a device as a reference, adding some neutral
    axis values can improve the neutral axis rendering of the subsequent
    profiles.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="m"></a> The <b>-m</b> parameter sets the edge size of the
    multidimensional grid of test values. The total number of patches of
    this type will be the -m parameter value to the power of the number
    of colorants. The grid steps are evenly spaced in device space by
    default, but if the <span style="font-weight: bold;">-p</span>
    parameter is provided, then, then the steps will be distributed
    according to the power value. e.g. the option <span
      style="font-weight: bold;">-m 5</span> will generate steps at 0.0
    0.25 0.5 0.75 and 1.0, while the option <span style="font-weight:
      bold;">-m 5 -p 2.0</span> will generate steps at 0.0 0.0625 0.25
    0.5625 and 1.0. By default, all the device primary color
    combinations that fall within the ink limit are generated.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="M"></a>Similarly to the <a href="#m">-m</a> parameter, the
    <b>-M</b> parameter sets the edge size of the multidimensional grid
    of test values, but where only the surface points of the cube is
    generated. These may be useful for exploring just the expected gamut
    surface of a space.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="b"></a> The <b>-b</b> parameter sets the outer edge size
    of the multidimensional body centered grid of test values. The total
    number of patches of this type will be the -b parameter value to the
    power of the number of colorants plus the (number-1) to the power of
    the number of colorants. The grid steps are evenly spaced in device
    space by default, but if the <span style="font-weight: bold;">-p</span>
    parameter is provided, then, then the steps will be distributed
    according to the power value. A body centered grid is a regular grid
    (see <b>-m</b>) with another smaller regular grid within it, at the
    centers of the outer grid. This grid arrangement is more space
    efficient than a regular grid (ie. for a given number of test
    points, it fills the space better.)<br>
    <br>
    The behavior of the <b>-e</b>, <b>-s</b>, <b>-g</b> <b>-m </b>and





























    <b>-b</b> flags, is not to duplicate test values already created by
    a previous type.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="f"></a> The <b>-f</b> parameter sets the number of full
    spread test patches. Full spread patches are distributed according
    to the default or chosen algorithm. The default algorithm will
    optimize the point locations to minimize the distance from any point
    in device space, to the nearest sample point. This is called
    Optimized Farthest Point Sampling (OFPS) . This can be overridden by
    specifying the <b>-t. -r, -R, -q, -i or -I</b> flags. If the
    default OFPS algorithm is used, then adaptive test point
    distribution can be fully enabled by supplying a previous or typical
    profile with the <span style="font-weight: bold;">-c</span> option.
    The total number patches specified will include any patches
    generated using the <b>-e</b>, <b>-s</b>, <b>-g</b> <b>-m</b>
    and <b>-b</b> flags (i.e. full spread patches will be added to
    bring the total number of patches including those generated using
    the <b>-e</b>, <b>-s</b>, <b>-g</b> <b>-m </b>and <b>-b</b>
    flags up to the specified number). When there are more than four
    device channels, the full spread distribution algorithm can't deal
    with so many dimensions, and <b>targen</b> falls back on an
    incremental far point distribution algorithm by default, that
    doesn't generate such evenly spread points. This behaviour can be
    forced using the <b>-t</b> flag. A <a href="#Table">table</a> of
    useful total patch counts for different paper sizes is shown below.
    Note that it's occasionally the case that the OFPS algorithm will
    fail to complete, or make very slow progress if the <span
      style="font-weight: bold;">-c</span> profile is poor, non-smooth,
    or has unusual behaviour. In these cases a different algorithm
    should be chosen (ie. <span style="font-weight: bold;">-Q</span> or
    <span style="font-weight: bold;">-I</span>), or perhaps a smoother
    or lower resolution ("quality") previous profile may overcome the
    problem. <br>
    <br>
    <a name="t"></a> The <b>-t</b> flag overrides the default full
    spread test patch algorithm, and makes use of the Incremental Far
    Point Distribution algorithm, which incrementally searches for test
    points that are as far away as possible from any existing points.
    This is used as the default for dimensions higher than 4.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="r"></a> The <b>-r</b> flag overrides the default full
    spread test patch algorithm, and chooses test points with an even
    random distribution in device space.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="R"></a> The <b>-R</b> flag overrides the default full
    spread test patch algorithm, and chooses test points with an even
    random distribution in perceptual space.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="q"></a> The <b>-q</b> flag overrides the default full
    spread test patch algorithm, and chooses test points with a
    quasi-random, space filling distribution in device space.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="Q"></a> The <b>-Q</b> flag overrides the default full
    spread test patch algorithm, and chooses test points with a
    quasi-random, space filling distribution in perceptual space.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="i"></a> The <b>-i</b> flag overrides the default full
    spread test patch algorithm, and chooses test points with body
    centered cubic distribution in device space.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="I"></a> The <b>-I</b> flag overrides the default full
    spread test patch algorithm, and chooses test points with body
    centered cubic distribution in perceptual space.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="a"></a> The <b>-a <i>angle</i></b> parameter sets the
    overall angle that the body centered grid distribution has.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="A"></a> The <b>-A <i>adaptation</i></b> parameter sets
    the degree of adaptation to the known device characteristics, used
    by the default full spread OFPS algorithm. A profile should be
    provided using the <span style="font-weight: bold;">-c</span>
    parameter if <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">adaptation</span>
    is set above a low level. By default the adaptation is 0.1 (low),
    and 1.0 (maximum) if <span style="font-weight: bold;">-c profile</span>
    is provided, but these defaults can be overridden using this option.
    For instance, if the <span style="font-weight: bold;">-c profile</span>
    doesn't represent the device behavior very well, a lower adaption
    than 1.0 might be appropriate.<br>
    For CMYK colorspace, a default of 0.5 (medium) is set, to permit
    some lightness compensation to be applied to shift the average
    lightness level closer to that of the CMY gamut, even if no profile
    is supplied.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="l"></a> The <b>-l</b> flag and parameter sets a total ink
    limit (Total Area Coverage or TAC), which is adhered to for all the
    generated points. It is generally good practice to set a test chart
    ink limit at least 10% higher than the ink limit that will be
    applied when making the resulting profile. In the case of device
    cube points, this can generate extra test values that lie at the ink
    limit boundary. For gray wedge values, any that exceed the ink limit
    are omitted. Full spread test values are all generated to lie within
    the ink limit. Although it doesn't make much sense, this parameter
    has an affect on additive device spaces (such as RGB), but should
    not normally be used with such devices. The total ink limit value
    will be written to the .ti1 file, and carried through automatically
    to the .ti3 file, so that it can be used during profile creation. If
    a profile is provided using the <span style="font-weight: bold;">-c</span>
    flag, then this will be used to estimate an ink limit, if none is
    provided with the <span style="font-weight: bold;">-l</span> flag.
    Ink limits are, as far as possible, always in final calibrated
    device values, and the calibration curves within the .ti3 data
    included in the 'targ' tag from the profile provided to the <span
      style="font-weight: bold;">-c</span> flag will be used to estimate
    the equivalent limit in the underlying pre-calibration device space
    values that targen creates.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="T"></a>The <b>-T</b> parameter is similar to the <b>-I</b>
    parameter, but applies a different total ink limit to the non-patch
    elements of the test chart created by printtarg. The default is the
    same as the test patch limit.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="p"></a> The <b>-p</b> flag and parameter sets a power-like
    value applied to all of the device values after they are generated,
    <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-weight:
      bold;"></span>the spacer colors. This can be useful in creating
    calibration charts for very non-linearly behaved devices. A value
    greater than 1.0 will cause a tighter spacing of test values near
    device value 0.0, while a value less than 1.0 will cause a tighter
    spacing near device value 1.0. <span style="font-weight: bold;">printcal</span>
    will recommend a power-like value if the verbose option is used. [ <span
      style="font-weight: bold;">Note</span> that for Print RGB space
    this is reversed, since internally a Print RGB space is treated as a
    CMY space. ]. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Note</span> that the
    device model used to create the expected patch values will not take
    into account the applied power, nor will the more complex full
    spread algorithms correctly take into account the power in
    generating values up to the ink limits. (A power-like function is
    used, to avoid the excessive compression that a real power function
    would apply).<br>
    <br>
    <a name="c"></a> The <b>-c</b> flag and parameter is used to
    specify an <a href="File_Formats.html#ICC">ICC</a> or <a
      href="File_Formats.html#MPP">MPP</a> pre-conditioning profile, for
    estimating perceptual distances and colorspace curvature, used in
    optimizing the full spread test point placement, or in creating
    perceptually spaced distributions. Normally a previous profile for
    this or a similar device will be used, or a simpler, preliminary
    profile will be created and used. If no such profile is specified, a
    default device space model is used. Note that this will only have an
    effect if an algorithm that uses perceptual placement (such as <span
      style="font-weight: bold;">-R, -Q, -I</span> or the default OFPS
    with an <span style="font-weight: bold;">-A</span> value &gt; 0.0)
    is being used. The perceptual values are written to the .ti1 file to
    enable patch location recognition.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="N"></a> The <b>-N emphasis</b> parameter allows changing
    the degree to which the patch distribution should emphasise the
    neutral axis. Since the neutral axis is regarded as the most
    visually critical are of the color space, it can help maximize the
    quality of the resulting profile to place more measurement patches
    in this region. This emphasis <b>is only effective</b> for
    perceptual patch distributions, and for the default OFPS
    distribution if the <a href="#A">adaptation</a> parameter is set to
    a high value. It is also most effective when a <a href="#c">pre-conditioning</a>
    profile is provided, since this is the only way that neutral can be
    determined. The default value of 0.5 provides an affect about twice
    the emphasis of the CIE94 Delta E formula.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="V"></a> The <b>-V emphasis</b> parameter allows changing
    the degree to which the patch distribution should emphasis dark
    region of the device response. Display devices used for video or
    film reproduction are typically viewed in dark viewing environments
    with no strong white reference, and typically employ a range of
    brightness levels in different scenes. This often means that the
    devices dark region response is of particular importance, so
    increasing the relative number of sample points in the dark region
    may improved the balance of accuracy of the resulting profile for
    video or film reproduction. This emphasis <b>is only effective</b>
    for perceptual patch distributions where a <a href="targen.html#c">pre-conditioning</a>
    profile is provided or the <a href="#A" moz-do-not-send="true">adaptation</a>
    parameter is set to a high value. The default value of 1.0 provides
    no emphasis of the dark regions. A value somewhere around <b>1.5 -
      2.0</b> is a good place to start for video profile use. A scaled
    down version of the -V parameter will be passed on through the .ti3
    file to colprof where it will set a default value for the
    corresponding <a href="colprof.html#V">colprof -V</a>
    parameter.&nbsp; Note that increasing the proportion of dark patches
    will typically lengthen the time that an instrument takes to read
    the whole chart. Emphasizing the dark region characterization will
    reduce the accuracy of measuring and modelling the lighter regions,
    given a fixed number of test points and profile quality/grid
    resolution. The parameter will also be used in an analogous way to
    the <small><a href="targen.html#p">-p power</a> value in changing
      the distribution of </small><small><a href="targen.html#s">-s
        steps</a>, </small><small><a href="targen.html#g">-g steps</a>,
    </small><small><a href="targen.html#m">-m steps</a></small> and <small><small><a
          href="targen.html#b">-b steps</a></small></small> patches.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="F"></a> The <b>-F</b> flag and parameters is used to
    define an L*a*b* sphere to filter the test points through. Only test
    points within the sphere (defined by it's center and radius) will be
    written to the .ti1 file. This can be good for targeting
    supplemental test points at a troublesome area of a device. The
    accuracy of the L*a*b* target will be best when the <span
      style="font-weight: bold;">-c</span> option is used to specify a
    reasonably accurate profile for the device. Note that the actual
    number of points generated can be hard to predict, and will depend
    on the type of generation used. All means of generating points
    except the -f N &amp; -r, -R and -q will generate a smaller number
    of test points than expected. If the -f N &amp; -r, -R and -q
    methods are used, then the target number of points will be achieved.
    For this reason, the -f N -q method is probably the easiest to use.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="O"></a> The <b>-O</b> flag disables the normal patch
    re-ordering used for display RGB sets. Displays are assumed to have
    a "settling time", and the delay needed for this settling time can
    be minimzed by sort the patches so that they are in an order which
    minimizes the change in levels between patches. <b>-O</b> disables
    this re-ordering, leaving the patches in whatever order they were
    generated.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="U"></a> The <b>-U</b> flag disables the normal filtering
    out of duplicate patches.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="w"></a> The <b>-w</b> flag causes a diagnostic <a
      href="File_Formats.html#X3DOM">X3DOM</a> .x3d.html file to be
    created, in which the test points are plotted as small spheres in
    L*a*b* colorspace. Note that for a CMYK device, the point spacing
    may seem strange, since the extra K dimension is compressed into the
    3 dimensional L*a*b* space. <a name="W"></a>If the <span
      style="font-weight: bold;">-W</span> flag is given, the plot will
    be in device space, with only the first 3 dimensions of each point
    being plotted.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="p1"></a> The final parameter on the command line is the
    base filename for the <a href="File_Formats.html#.ti1">.ti1</a>
    output file. <b>targen</b> will add the .ti1 extension
    automatically.<br>
    <br>
    Some typical total patch number/paper size combinations are shown
    below. These "magic" numbers are found by using <a
      href="printtarg.html">printtarg</a> to compute the row length and
    number of rows, and then adjusting the total number of patches to
    fill the last row or paper size, in a trial and error fashion.<br>
    <br>
    Note that some people create charts with larger numbers of patches
    for the ColorMunki by altering an Eye-One Pro chart, and making
    scanning jigs to guide the instrument more accurately. This may
    reduce patch reading accuracy unless suitable care is taken.<br>
    <br>
    <a name="Table"></a> &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; Size (mm/Standard Name),
    &nbsp; No. Patches<br>
    <br>
    DTP20:<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1 x A4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 540<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2 x A4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1080<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 3 x A4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1620<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 4 x A4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 2160<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1 x Letter &nbsp;&nbsp; 570<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2 x Letter&nbsp;&nbsp; 1140<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;3 x Letter&nbsp;&nbsp; 1710<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4 x Letter&nbsp;&nbsp; 2280<br>
    <br>
    DTP 22:<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1 x A4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 782<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2 x A4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1564<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1 x Letter &nbsp;&nbsp; 736<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2 x Letter&nbsp;&nbsp; 1472<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp; DTP41:<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1 x A4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 375<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2 x A4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 750<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3 x A4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 1125<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4 x A4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 1500<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1 x Letter &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    &nbsp; &nbsp; 345<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2 x Letter &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 690<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3 x Letter &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    &nbsp;&nbsp; 1035<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4 x Letter &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    &nbsp;&nbsp; 1380<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 1 x A3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 836<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 2 x A3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1672<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1 x 11x17 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    &nbsp;&nbsp; 780<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2 x 11x17 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    &nbsp; 1560<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    &nbsp; DTP51:<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1 x A4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 266<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2 x A4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 532<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3 x A4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 798<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4 x A4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 1064<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1 x Letter &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    &nbsp;&nbsp; 252<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2 x Letter &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    &nbsp;&nbsp; 504<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3 x Letter &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    &nbsp;&nbsp; 756<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4 x Letter &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    &nbsp; 1008<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 1 x A3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 580<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 2 x A3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 1160<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1 x 11x17 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    &nbsp; 570<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2 x 11x17 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
    &nbsp;&nbsp; 1140<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp; SpectroScan with square patches:<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1 x A4R&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1014<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2 x A4R &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2028<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 3 x A4R&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;
    3042<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 4 x A4R&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;
    4056<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1 x LetterR &nbsp;&nbsp; 999<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2 x LetterR&nbsp;&nbsp; 1998<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;3 x LetterR&nbsp;&nbsp; 2997<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4 x LetterR&nbsp;&nbsp; 3996<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp; SpectroScan with hexagonal patches:<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1 x A4R&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1170<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2 x A4R &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2340<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 3 x A4R&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;
    3510<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 4 x A4R&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;
    4680<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1 x LetterR&nbsp;&nbsp; 1092<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2 x LetterR&nbsp;&nbsp; 2184<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;3 x LetterR&nbsp;&nbsp; 3276<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4 x LetterR&nbsp;&nbsp; 4368<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp; Eye-One Pro:<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1 x A4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 441<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2 x A4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 882<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 3 x A4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1323<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 4 x A4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 1764<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1 x Letter &nbsp;&nbsp; 462<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2 x Letter&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 924<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;3 x Letter&nbsp;&nbsp; 1386<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4 x Letter&nbsp;&nbsp; 1848<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp; ColorMunki:<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1 x A4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 90<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2 x A4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 180<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 3 x A4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 270<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 4 x A4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 360<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1 x Letter &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 98<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2 x Letter&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 196<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;3 x Letter&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 294<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4 x Letter&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 392<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp; ColorMunki -h:<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1 x A4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 210<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2 x A4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 420<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 3 x A4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    &nbsp;&nbsp; 630<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 4 x A4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 840<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1 x Letter &nbsp;&nbsp; 196<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2 x Letter&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 392<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;3 x Letter&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 588<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4 x Letter&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 784<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp; Scanner (printtarg with -iSS -s options):<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 1 x A4R &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 1014<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2 x A4R &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 2028<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3 x A4R &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 3042<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4 x A4R &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 4056<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 1 x LetterR&nbsp;&nbsp; 962<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2 x LetterR&nbsp; 1924<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3 x LetterR&nbsp; 2886<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4 x LetterR&nbsp; 3848<br>
    &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
  </body>
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