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<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" version="5.0" 
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  <info><title>Alignment Practical Exercises</title>
    <author><personname><firstname>Benjamin</firstname><surname>Redelings</surname></personname></author>
  </info>

<para>This tutorial assumes a UNIX command line.  On Linux or Mac this is built in; on Windows install Cygwin.</para>
<section><info><title>Exercise (Setup, MAFFT, HoT, Seaview)</title></info>

<section><info><title>Setup</title></info>
Look around:
% cd                        					// go to your home directory
% pwd                                                           // where are we? = print working directory
% ls                                                            // look around
<section><info><title>Make a <filename>~/bin</filename> directory (for programs) and add it to your PATH</title></info>
Check if <filename>~/bin/</filename> is in your PATH
% echo $PATH
If its not there, then we need to add it:
% mkdir ~/bin            					        // make a subdirectory
% nano ~/.profile	    				                // edit the startup script
% less ~/.profile					                // examine .profile to see if your changes are there
Add a line “PATH=~/bin:$PATH”.  Then log out and log back in.
% echo $PATH                                                    // check that ~/bin is in PATH
</section>

<section><info><title>Download the alignment files we will use</title></info>
% cd
% mkdir alignment_files
% cd ~/alignment_files
% wget http://www.bali-phy.org/examples.tgz       // Download the files – Linux (On cygwin, first install wget).
% curl -O http://www.bali-phy.org/examples.tgz   // Download the files – Mac
(Alternatively, download the files using your browser)
% tar -zxf examples.tgz                                       	// extract the compressed archive
% ls examples						        // look inside the new directory that was created
% less examples/5S-rRNA/5d.fasta                                // examine the downloaded files – type q to quit
% alignment-info examples/5S-rRNA/5d.fasta
</section>

<section><info><title>Install fasta-flip.pl to ~/bin</title></info>
% cd ~/alignment_files/examples
% chmod +x fasta-flip.pl				// make the file executable
% cp fasta-flip.pl ~/bin				// copy the file to ~/bin
% which fasta-flip.pl					// check to make sure its in your PATH
</section>
</section>
<section><info><title>Align forward and backwards (HoT) with mafft.</title></info>
% cp 5S-rRNA/25.fasta .				                                  // make a copy of a file
% mafft --auto 25.fasta &gt; 25-mafft.fasta                                           // try a simple sequence alignment 
% fasta-flip.pl 25.fasta | mafft --auto - | fasta-flip.pl &gt; 25-mafft-flipped.fasta // align the sequences when flipped
</section>
<section><info><title>Visualize the alignments with seaview</title></info>
% seaview 25-mafft.fasta &#38; seaview 25-mafft-flipped.fasta &#38;                       // take a look at the two alignments
</section>
</section>

  <section><info><title>Exercise (muscle, Probcons, SuiteMSA, and consensus)</title></info>
<section><info><title>Make a local copy of a data file</title></info>
% cd ~/alignment_files/examples
% cp HIV/HIVSIV.fasta .                                                               	// Make a copy of the file in the current directory
% alignment-info HIVSIV.fasta					// Some basic info about the sequences
</section>
<section><info><title>Muscle</title></info>
Look at the time to perform different numbers of iterations with muscle
% time muscle -maxiters 1 &lt; HIVSIV.fasta &gt; HIVSIV-muscle1.fasta	// use a bad guide tree
% time muscle -maxiters 2 &lt; HIVSIV.fasta &gt; HIVSIV-muscle2.fasta	// obtain a better guide tree and realign
% time muscle -maxiters 3 &lt; HIVSIV.fasta &gt; HIVSIV-muscle3.fasta	// also add refinement
% time muscle &lt; HIVSIV.fasta &gt; HIVSIV-muscle.fasta
% muscle -in HIVSIV.fasta -out HIVSIV-muscle.fasta                 	// This is the same as the previous command.

Compare the first and last alignments
% alignment-cat HIVSIV-muscle1.fasta --reorder-by-alignment=HIVSIV-muscle.fasta &gt; a      // reorder sequences
% mv a HIVSIV-muscle1.fasta 
% seaview HIVSIV-muscle1.fasta &#38; seaview HIVSIV-muscle.fasta &#38;
</section>

<section><info><title>Probcons</title></info>
Align sequences and reversed sequences with probcons
% probcons HIVSIV.fasta &gt; HIVSIV-probcons.fasta
% fasta-flip.pl HIVSIV.fasta &gt; HIVSIV-flipped.fasta
% probcons HIVSIV-flipped.fasta | fasta-flip.pl &gt; HIVSIV-probcons-flipped.fasta
</section>
<section><info><title>SuiteMSA</title></info>
Compare alignments using SuiteMSA
% SuiteMSA &#38;
Choose <guilabel>Pixel Plot</guilabel>, and select <filename>HIVSIV-probcons.fasta</filename>.  Click on <guilabel>Add</guilabel> to load a new alignment file, and choose <filename>HIVSIV-probcons-flipped.fasta</filename>.  Click on <guilabel>Add</guilabel> to load a new alignment file, and choose <filename>HIVSIV-muscle.fasta</filename>.
Q: What is the spatial pattern of the differences?
</section>
<section><info><title>Consensus</title></info>
Construct an alignment that only contains homologies present in both mafft and probcons alignments
% echo &gt; blank
% cat blank  // It should print a blank line to the screen.

% cat HIVSIV-muscle.fasta blank HIVSIV-probcons.fasta &gt; two-alignments.fasta
% alignment-consensus –strict=0.99 &lt; two-alignments.fasta &gt; consensus.fasta
% seaview consensus.fasta &#38;
</section>
  </section>
<section><info><title>Exercise (FSA and Prank)</title></info>
<section><info><title>FSA</title></info>
Align sequences with fsa.  This will take some time.
% cd ~/alignment_files/examples
% fsa --fast --gapfactor 0 HIVSIV.fasta &gt; HIVSIV-fsa0.fasta &#38;     	// This is similar to probcons – few gaps.
% fsa --fast --gapfactor 0.5 HIVSIV.fasta &gt; HIVSIV-fsa.fasta &#38;           // This is the default. Some gaps.

Look at the alignment lengths for the different fsa parameters:
% alignment-info HIVSIV-fsa0.fasta
% alignment-info HIVSIV-fsa.fasta
</section>
<section><info><title>Prank</title></info>
Align a (short) 5S data set with prank
% cd ~/alignment_files/examples/
% prank -d=ITS/ITS1.fasta +F
% cp output.best.fas ITS1-prank1.fasta

% mafft ITS/ITS1.fasta &gt; ITS1-mafft.fasta
% muscle &lt; ITS/ITS1.fasta &gt; ITS1-muscle.fasta
% SuiteMSA &#38;
Compare ITS1-prank.fasta, ITS1-mafft.fasta, and ITS1-muscle.fasta using SuiteMSA
</section>
</section>
</article>