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// -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 2; -*-
// vi: set ts=2:
//
#include <BALL/STRUCTURE/secondaryStructureProcessor.h>
#include <BALL/STRUCTURE/HBondProcessor.h>
#include <BALL/KERNEL/secondaryStructure.h>
#include <BALL/KERNEL/protein.h>
#include <BALL/KERNEL/chain.h>
#include <BALL/KERNEL/bond.h>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
namespace BALL
{
SecondaryStructureProcessor::SecondaryStructureProcessor()
{
}
bool SecondaryStructureProcessor::testString_(const String& s, Size offset, Size offset_2)
{
return testString2_(s, offset) &&
testString2_(s, offset + offset_2);
}
bool SecondaryStructureProcessor::testString2_(const String& s, Size offset)
{
if (s.size() < offset + 2) return false;
const Substring s1 = s.getSubstring(offset, 2);
return (s1 == ">>" ||
s1 == "XX" ||
s1 == ">X" ||
s1 == "X>");
}
bool SecondaryStructureProcessor::testString3_(const String& s, Size offset, char x)
{
if (s.size() < offset + 2) return false;
const Substring s1 = s.getSubstring(offset, 2);
if (s1 == "><" || s1 == "X<") return true;
return (s1[1] == x &&
(s1[0] == '>' || s1[0] == 'X'));
}
/***************************************
* find the Secondary Structures
* **************************************/
void SecondaryStructureProcessor::compute_()
{
/*********************************
* initialize the summary strings
**********************************/
// note that HBonds_.size() is not the number of HBonds but
// rather the number of residues in the system.
Size size = HBonds_.size();
sheet_.resize(size);
for (Size i=0; i<size; i++)
{
sheet_[i]='-';
}
fiveturn_ = sheet_;
fourturn_ = sheet_;
threeturn_ = sheet_;
summary_ = sheet_;
/************************************************
* in the first place we search and insert turns
*************************************************/
//over all residues
for (Size i=0; i<size; i++)
{
if (HBonds_[i].size() != 0 )
{
// over all HBondpartners
for (Size k=0; k<HBonds_[i].size(); k++)
{
//---------- 4 turns
if (HBonds_[i][k] == (i+4))
{
//first sign
if ( (fourturn_[i] == '<') || (fourturn_[i] == 'X'))
{
fourturn_[i] = 'X';
}
else
{
fourturn_[i] = '>';
}
//position 2,3,4
for (int j=1; j<4; j++)
{
if (fourturn_[i+j]=='-')
{
fourturn_[i+j]='4';
}
}
//last position has always to be <
fourturn_[i+4] = '<';
}
//---------- 3 turns
else if (HBonds_[i][k] == (i + 3))
{
//first sign
if ( (threeturn_[i] == '<') || (threeturn_[i] == 'X'))
{
threeturn_[i] = 'X';
}
else
{
threeturn_[i] = '>';
}
//position 2,3
for (int j=1; j<3; j++)
{
if (threeturn_[i+j]=='-')
{
threeturn_[i+j]='3';
}
}
//last position has always to be <
threeturn_[i+3] = '<';
}
//---------- 5 turns
else if (HBonds_[i][k] == (i + 5))
{
//first sign
if( (fiveturn_[i] == '<') || (fiveturn_[i] == 'X'))
{
fiveturn_[i] = 'X';
}
else
{
fiveturn_[i] = '>';
}
//position 2,3
for (int j=1; j<5; j++)
{
if (fiveturn_[i+j]=='-')
{
fiveturn_[i+j]='5';
}
}
//last position has always to be <
fiveturn_[i+5] = '<';
} //else if turns
}// for(int k=0; k<HBonds_[i].size(); k++)
}// if(HBonds_[i].size() != 0 )
}//for all residues
/****************************************
* in the next step, we search bridges
****************************************/
//initialize posbridges_
posbridges_.resize(size);
//over all residues
for (Size current_res=0; current_res<size; current_res++)
{
if (HBonds_[current_res].size() != 0 )
{
// over all HBondpartners
for (Size current_bond=0; current_bond<HBonds_[current_res].size(); current_bond++)
{
int partner = HBonds_[current_res][current_bond];
// actually we have HBP(i,k) with i=current_res, k=partner
// do we have HBP(k, i+2) ? => parallel bridge(i+1,k)
for (Size s = 0; (s < HBonds_[partner].size()); s++)
{
if (HBonds_[partner][s]== current_res + 2)
{
//insert
//NOTE: there might be more than two bridges for this
// residue but this should never happen ;-)
posbridges_[current_res+1].push_back(partner);
posbridges_[partner].push_back(current_res+1);
sheet_[current_res+1]= '+';
sheet_[partner] = '+';
}
} //forend parallelbridge
// currently we have HBP(i,k) with i=current_res and k=partner
// do we have HBP(k, i) ? => antiparallel bridge(i,k)
for (Size s = 0; (s < HBonds_[partner].size()); s++)
{
if (HBonds_[partner][s] == current_res)
{
// we aren't allowed to overwrite antiparallel bridges found before!
// remember: we have two equal cases:
// first : HBP(k,i) && HBP(i,k)
// and second: HBP(i,k) && HBP(k,i)
//insert
//NOTE: there might be more than two bridges for this residue
// but this should never happen ;-)
posbridges_[current_res].push_back(partner);
posbridges_[partner].push_back(current_res);
sheet_[current_res]= '/';
sheet_[partner] = '/';
}
}//forend antiparallelbridge
// currently we have HBP(i,k) with i=current_res and k=partner
// do we have HBP(k-2, i+2) ? => antiparallel bridge(i+1,k-1)
if (((partner-2)>=0) && ((current_res+2) <=size))
{
for (Size s = 0; (s < HBonds_[partner-2].size()); s++)
{
if ((HBonds_[partner-2][s] == (current_res + 2))
&& ((current_res + 1) != (Size)(partner - 1)))
{
//insert
//NOTE: there might be more than two bridges for this residue
// but this should never happen ;-)
posbridges_[current_res+1].push_back(partner-1);
posbridges_[partner-1].push_back(current_res+1);
sheet_[current_res+1]= '/';
sheet_[partner-1] = '/';
}
}
} // if (partner-2>=...)
}// for(int k=0; k<HBonds_[i].size(); k++)
}// if(HBonds_[i].size() != 0 )
}//for all residues
//
// now we search ladders!
//
// ladder: set of one or more consecutive bridges of identical type
// or bulge-linked ladders: two ladders or bridges of the same type
// connected by at most one extra residue
// on one strand and at most four extra
// residues on the other strand
char parallel = 'a'-1;
char antiparallel = 'A'-1;
enum pattern { PARALLEL, ANTIPARALLEL, DEFAULT } last_pattern;
char letter='-';
//over all residues
last_pattern = DEFAULT;
bool found_a_pattern = false;
int no_residue = -5;
int last_parallel_res = no_residue;
int last_antiparallel_res = no_residue;
int last_residue = no_residue;
for ( Size residue = 0;
(residue<sheet_.size()) && (residue<posbridges_.size());
residue++)
{
// do we have a bridge?
if ( (sheet_[residue]!='-'))
{
// parallel bridge
if ( (sheet_[residue]=='+')
|| ( (sheet_[residue]>('a'-1))
&&(sheet_[residue]<('z'+1))
)
)
{
last_residue = last_parallel_res;
last_pattern = PARALLEL;
}
else // antiparallel bridge
{
last_residue = last_antiparallel_res;
last_pattern = ANTIPARALLEL;
}
found_a_pattern = false;
bool has_bonds_to_the_left = false;
if (last_residue != no_residue)
{
for (Size last_part_i=0; last_part_i < posbridges_[last_residue].size(); last_part_i++)
{
for (Size curr_part_i=0; curr_part_i < posbridges_[residue].size(); curr_part_i++)
{
int last_part=posbridges_[last_residue][last_part_i];
int curr_part=posbridges_[residue][curr_part_i];
// have we already seen this residue by a bridge before?
if (curr_part < (int)residue)
{
has_bonds_to_the_left = true;
letter = sheet_[curr_part];
}
// do we have a continuation of a ladder?
// allowed are bulge-linked ladders
// which consist of two ladders or bridges of the same type
// connected by at most one extra residue on one strand and
// at most four extra residues on the other strand!
// too
const Size r_diff = residue - last_residue;
const Size p_diff = abs(curr_part - last_part);
if ((r_diff == 1 && p_diff == 1) ||
(r_diff < 2 && p_diff < 5) ||
(r_diff < 5 && p_diff < 2))
{
found_a_pattern= true;
}
} //end for
}//end for
}//end if
// NOTE: there is no problem if we have seen the
// residue before and set the letter
// AND found a pattern and overwrite the letter perhaps!
// the sheet_-Loop(see below) will give them a unique letter
if (last_residue != no_residue && found_a_pattern)
{
letter=sheet_[last_residue];
}
else
{
if (!has_bonds_to_the_left)
{
if (last_pattern == PARALLEL)
{
parallel+=1;
if(parallel == 'z'+1) parallel='a';
letter = parallel;
}
else
{
antiparallel+=1;
if (antiparallel == 'Z'+1) antiparallel='A';
letter = antiparallel;
}
}
}
if (last_pattern == PARALLEL) last_parallel_res = residue;
else last_antiparallel_res = residue;
// name all residues belonging to this bridge
// NOTE: in most cases there will be just one entry
sheet_[residue]=letter;
for (Size curr_part=0; curr_part < posbridges_[residue].size(); curr_part++)
{
if (posbridges_[residue][curr_part] > (int)residue)
{ //if we have a bridge to the right, we name the partner
// sheet_[posbridges_[residue][curr_part]]=letter;
}
// sheet_[posbridges_[residue][curr_part]]=letter;
}
}//if(sheet_[residue]!='-'
}//for(Size residue = 0 ....
//
// now we are looking for sheet_s
//
// sheet_: set of one or more ladders connected by shared residues
for (Size residue = 0;
residue < sheet_.size() && residue < posbridges_.size();
residue++)
{
// do we have a bridge?
if (sheet_[residue] != '-')
{
letter = sheet_[residue];
for (Size curr_part_i=0; curr_part_i < posbridges_[residue].size(); curr_part_i++)
{
int curr_part = posbridges_[residue][curr_part_i];
if (sheet_[curr_part]!=letter)
{
changeAllXToY_(sheet_[curr_part], letter, sheet_);
}
}
}
}
// /***********************************
// * now we repair the irregularities
// ***********************************/
// two overlapping minimal helices(consecutive n-turns)
// offset by tow or three residues are joined into one
// helix
// therefor we just insert the missing n-turns
Size length = 5;
Size turn = 3;
// we start with the 3-turn
for (Size i= 0; i < size; i++)
{
// we have to proof the length : offset by two or three
// residues and the lenght of the turn itself
// offset two residues
if (i + 2 + length < size &&
testString_(threeturn_, i, 3) &&
fourturn_[i + 2] != '>' &&
fourturn_[i + 2] !='X' )
{
insertTurn_(turn, i+2);
}
// offset three turns
if (i + 3 + length < size &&
testString_(threeturn_, i, 4) &&
fourturn_[i + 2] != '>' &&
fourturn_[i + 2] != 'X' &&
fourturn_[i + 3] != '>' &&
fourturn_[i + 3] !='X' )
{
insertTurn_(turn, i + 2);
insertTurn_(turn, i + 3);
}
}
length = 6;
turn = 4;
// -------------- 4-turn -----------------------
for(Size i= 0; i<size; i++)
{
// we have to proof the length : offset by two or three
// residues and the lenght of the turn itself (here 6)
// offset two residues
if (i + 2 + length < size &&
testString_(fourturn_, i, 3) &&
fourturn_[i + 2] != '>' &&
fourturn_[i + 2] != 'X' )
{
insertTurn_(turn, i + 2);
}
// offset three turns
if (i + 3 + length < size &&
testString_(fourturn_, i, 4) &&
fourturn_[i + 2] != '>' &&
fourturn_[i + 2] !='X' &&
fourturn_[i + 3] != '>' &&
fourturn_[i + 3] !='X' )
{
insertTurn_(turn, i + 2);
insertTurn_(turn, i + 3);
}
}
// -------------- 5-turn -----------------------
length = 7;
turn = 5;
for (Size i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
// we have to proof the length : offset by two or three
// residues and the lenght of the turn itself (here 7)
// offset two residues
if (i + 2 +length < size &&
testString_(fiveturn_, i, 3) &&
fourturn_[i + 2] != '>' &&
fourturn_[i + 2] !='X' )
{
insertTurn_(turn, i+2);
}
// offset three turns
if (i + 3 +length < size &&
testString_(fiveturn_, i, 4) &&
fourturn_[i+2] != '>' &&
fourturn_[i+2] !='X' &&
fourturn_[i+3] != '>' &&
fourturn_[i+3] !='X')
{
insertTurn_(turn, i+2);
insertTurn_(turn, i+3);
}
}
// /*****************************************************
// *
// * -------- now we construct the summary_ string ----------
// *
// * structural overlaps are eleminated by considering
// * hierarchy H > B > E > G > I > T
// * H means 4 Helices, B means single bridges,
// * E means extended ladder residues, G means 3 Helices
// * I means 5 Helices and T means single 3-, 4-, or 5-turns
// * we start with writing 5 Helices and overwrite graduately
// * the summary_ string with 3 Helices, extended bridges,
// * single bridges and 4 Helices helices
// -------------------------------------------------------
// ****************************************************/
// --------------------- 5 helices ----------------------
for (Size i= 0; i<size; i++)
{
// we initialize the summary_ string with '-'
if(fiveturn_[i] == '-')
{
summary_[i]= '-';
}
else if (testString2_(fiveturn_, i))
{
if (i+5 < size)
{
summary_[i+1]= 'I';
summary_[i+2]= 'I';
summary_[i+3]= 'I';
summary_[i+4]= 'I';
summary_[i+5]= 'I';
}
}
// do we have a helix reduced to less than minimal size?
else
{
String ss = fiveturn_.getSubstring(i).toString();
if (testString3_(fiveturn_, i, '5'))
{
for(int j=1; (j<5) && ((i+j)<summary_.size()) && ((i+j)<fiveturn_.size()) ;j++)
{
if(fiveturn_[i+j]!='I')
{
summary_[i+j]= 'T';
}
}
}
}
}
// -------------------3 helices ------------------------
for(Size i= 0; i<size; i++)
{
if (testString2_(threeturn_, i))
{
if( (i+3) < size)
{
summary_[i+1]= 'G';
summary_[i+2]= 'G';
summary_[i+3]= 'G';
}
}// do we have a helix reduced to less than minimal size?
// we have to consider, that we do not overwrite
else if(testString3_(threeturn_, i, '3'))
{
if (i+3 < summary_.size())
{
for(Size j=1; j<3;j++)
{
if( (summary_[i+j]!= 'G')
&&(summary_[i+j]!= 'I')
)
{
summary_[i+j]= 'T';
}
}
}
}
}
// ---------------- Extended Bridges and Single Bridges --------------
// according to the paper:
// single bridges are ladders of length one -> B,
// all other ladder residues -> E
// we assume that there is a mistake in the paper: E has a higher priority than B
// first we generate the sheet_-line and than summarize it in the summary_ line
for(Size i=0; i< (sheet_.size()); i++)
{
if(sheet_[i]!='-')
{
letter = sheet_[i];
int j=0;
for(j=0; ((i+j)<sheet_.size()) && (sheet_[i+j]==letter); j++)
{
}
if((j==1)&&(summary_[i]!='E')) //single bridge
{
summary_[i]='B';
}
else if(j==0)
{
}
else //extended bridge
{
for(int n=0; n<j; n++)
{
summary_[i+n]='E';
}
i=i+j-1;
}
}
}
// ---------------- 4 helices ---------------------
for(Size i= 0; i<size; i++)
{
if (testString2_(fourturn_, i))
{
if (i+4 < size)
{
summary_[i+1]= 'H';
summary_[i+2]= 'H';
summary_[i+3]= 'H';
summary_[i+4]= 'H';
}
}// do we have a helix reduced to less than minimal size?
// we have to consider, that we do not overwrite
else if( (fourturn_.getSubstring(i).toString().hasPrefix(">4"))
|| (fourturn_.getSubstring(i).toString().hasPrefix("X4"))
)
{
if (i+4 < size)
{
for(Size j=1; j<4;j++)
{
if( ( summary_[i+j]!= 'G')
&&( summary_[i+j]!= 'H')
&&( summary_[i+j]!= 'I')
&&( summary_[i+j]!= 'E')
&&( summary_[i+j]!= 'B')
)
{
summary_[i+j]= 'T';
}
}//end for
}//end if
}//end if
}//end for
// we should read the summary_ string again in order to substitute
// single G or I, generated by overwriting GGG or IIIII by HHHH
for(Size i=0; i<( summary_.size()); i++)
{
if( ( ((i+2)< summary_.size())
&& (summary_[i] !='G')
&& (summary_[i+1]=='G')
&& (summary_[i+2]!='G')
)
||( ((i+2)< summary_.size())
&& (summary_[i] !='I')
&& (summary_[i+1]=='I')
&& (summary_[i+2]!='I')
)
)
{
summary_[i+1]='T';
}
if( ( ((i+3)< summary_.size())
&& (summary_[i] !='G')
&& (summary_[i+1]=='G')
&& (summary_[i+2]=='G')
&& (summary_[i+3]!='G')
)
||( ((i+3)< summary_.size())
&& (summary_[i] !='I')
&& (summary_[i+1]=='I')
&& (summary_[i+2]=='I')
&& (summary_[i+3]!='I')
)
)
{
summary_[i+1]='T';
summary_[i+2]='T';
}
if( ( ((i+4)< summary_.size())
&& (summary_[i] !='I')
&& (summary_[i+1]=='I')
&& (summary_[i+2]=='I')
&& (summary_[i+3]=='I')
&& (summary_[i+4]!='I')
)
)
{
summary_[i+1]='T';
summary_[i+2]='T';
summary_[i+3]='T';
}
}
}
void SecondaryStructureProcessor::insertTurn_(int turn, int position)
{
bool correct = true;
String *n_turn;
if(turn == 3)
{
n_turn = &threeturn_;
}else if(turn == 4)
{
n_turn = &fourturn_;
}else if(turn == 5)
{
n_turn = &fiveturn_;
}else
{
correct = false;//TODO: Error message & return Log.error() << " variable turn was set to a unregular value" << std::endl;
}
if(correct)
{
//first sign
if( ((*n_turn)[position] == '<') || ((*n_turn)[position] == 'X'))
{
(*n_turn)[position] = 'X';
}else
{
(*n_turn)[position] = '>';
}
//positions in between
for (int j=1; j<turn; j++)
{
if((*n_turn)[position+j]=='-')
{
String s(turn);
(*n_turn)[position+j]= s[0];
}
}
//last position
if( ((*n_turn)[position+turn] == '>')
|| ((*n_turn)[position+turn] == 'X'))
{
(*n_turn)[position+turn] = 'X';
}else
{
(*n_turn)[position+turn] = '<';
}
}
}
void SecondaryStructureProcessor::changeAllXToY_(char X, char Y, String& target)
{
for(Size i=0; i<target.size(); i++)
{
if(target[i]==X)
{
target[i]=Y;
}
}
}
char SecondaryStructureProcessor::setSecondaryStructureType_(SecondaryStructure* ss, char type)
{
char result;
switch (type)
{
case 'H': ss->setType(SecondaryStructure::HELIX);
ss->setProperty("HELIX_TYPE", "ALPHA");
result = 'H';
break;
case 'G': ss->setType(SecondaryStructure::HELIX);
ss->setProperty("HELIX_TYPE", "THREE_TEN");
result = 'G';
break;
case 'I': ss->setType(SecondaryStructure::HELIX);
ss->setProperty("HELIX_TYPE", "PI");
result = 'I';
break;
case 'E': ss->setType(SecondaryStructure::STRAND);
result = 'E';
break;
default: ss->setType(SecondaryStructure::COIL);
result = 'L';
}
return result;
}
/**********************************************
* determine the new Secondary Structure and
* replace the old one with the new one
**********************************************/
Processor::Result SecondaryStructureProcessor::operator() (Composite &composite)
{
if (!RTTI::isKindOf<Chain>(&composite))
{
return Processor::CONTINUE;
}
Chain* p = RTTI::castTo<Chain>(composite);
HBondProcessor hbp;
p->apply(hbp); // find all posible HBonds
HBonds_ = hbp.getBackboneHBondPattern();
ResidueIterator ri = p->beginResidue();
if (!(+ri))
{
return Processor::CONTINUE;
}
// locate the Secondary Structures
compute_();
//----------associate new Secondary Structures (SS) for each residue -----
// - summarize equal residues in one new SS (new_ss)
// - push for each residue the new SS into new_parent
// - push all residues into residues
SecondaryStructure* ss = 0;
char last_struct = 'X';
Position resnum = 0;
vector<SecondaryStructure*> new_ss;
vector<SecondaryStructure*> new_parent;
vector<Residue*> residues;
if (summary_.size() == 0)
return Processor::CONTINUE;
for (; +ri; ++ri)
{
if (resnum >= summary_.size())
{
Log.error() << "A problem occurred in " << __FILE__ << " " << __LINE__ << std::endl;
return Processor::CONTINUE;
}
// depending on the last type of secondary structure we have seen,
// we need to react differently to merge them sensibly
if (last_struct != summary_[resnum])
{
switch (last_struct)
{
case 'L': // we are in a loop
// note that we identify 'real' loops, isolated bridges and turns (-,B,T)
// and map them all to loops. Thus we need to determine here if the current
// residue also maps to a loop (we already know that the last residue was one)
switch (summary_[resnum])
{
case '-':
case 'B':
case 'T': break; // nothing to see here... please walk on...
default:
// the current residue is no loop => build a new SecondaryStructure
ss = new SecondaryStructure;
last_struct = setSecondaryStructureType_(ss, summary_[resnum]);
new_ss.push_back(ss);
}
break;
default: // in all other cases, setSecondaryStructure does the hard work
ss = new SecondaryStructure;
last_struct = setSecondaryStructureType_(ss, summary_[resnum]);
new_ss.push_back(ss);
}
}
// in all cases, ss is now the new parent of this residue
new_parent.push_back(ss);
residues.push_back(&*ri);
resnum++;
}
// ------ insert Residues to new SS ---------------
for (Position i = 0; i < residues.size(); i++)
{
new_parent[i]->insert(*residues[i]);
}
// ------ remove old SecondaryStructures ----------
// we have to be sure not to delete a SS which has an SS as parent!
// because it would be deleted twice
vector<SecondaryStructure*> to_remove;
SecondaryStructureIterator ssit = p->beginSecondaryStructure();
for (; +ssit; ++ssit)
{
if ((*ssit).getParent() == 0 ||
!RTTI::isKindOf<SecondaryStructure>((*ssit).getParent()))
{
to_remove.push_back(&*ssit);
}
}
for (Position i = 0; i < to_remove.size(); i++)
{
delete to_remove[i];
}
BALL_POSTCONDITION_EXCEPTION(p->countSecondaryStructures() == 0,
"SecondaryStructureProcessor did not remove all old secondary structures!")
// ------ insert new SecondaryStructures ----------
for (Position i = 0; i < new_ss.size(); i++)
{
p->insert(*new_ss[i]);
}
BALL_POSTCONDITION_EXCEPTION(p->countSecondaryStructures() == new_ss.size(),
"SecondaryStructureProcessor did not add all new secondary structures!")
return Processor::CONTINUE;
}
} // namespace BALL
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