1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
|
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html40/loose.dtd">
<HTML>
<!-- Created on January, 28 2005 by texi2html 1.66 -->
<!--
Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
Olaf Bachmann <obachman@mathematik.uni-kl.de>
and many others.
Maintained by: Many creative people <dev@texi2html.cvshome.org>
Send bugs and suggestions to <users@texi2html.cvshome.org>
-->
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Bison 2.21.5: Invocation</TITLE>
<META NAME="description" CONTENT="Bison 2.21.5: Invocation">
<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="Bison 2.21.5: Invocation">
<META NAME="resource-type" CONTENT="document">
<META NAME="distribution" CONTENT="global">
<META NAME="Generator" CONTENT="texi2html 1.66">
</HEAD>
<BODY LANG="en" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#800080" ALINK="#FF0000">
<A NAME="SEC86"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_11.html#SEC85"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_12.html#SEC87"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_11.html#SEC85"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_13.html#SEC90"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_toc.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_15.html#SEC92">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_abt.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 9. Invoking Bison </H1>
<!--docid::SEC86::-->
<P>
The usual way to invoke Bison is as follows:
</P>
<P>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bison <VAR>infile</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
Here <VAR>infile</VAR> is the grammar file name, which usually ends in
`<SAMP>.y</SAMP>'. The parser file's name is made by replacing the `<SAMP>.y</SAMP>'
with `<SAMP>.tab.c</SAMP>'. Thus, the `<SAMP>bison foo.y</SAMP>' filename yields
`<TT>foo.tab.c</TT>', and the `<SAMP>bison hack/foo.y</SAMP>' filename yields
`<TT>hack/foo.tab.c</TT>'.</P>
<P>
<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="0">
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bison_12.html#SEC87">9.1 Bison Options</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">All the options described in detail,
in alphabetical order by short options.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bison_12.html#SEC88">9.2 Option Cross Key</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Alphabetical list of long options.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bison_12.html#SEC89">9.3 Invoking Bison under VMS</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bison command syntax on VMS.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P>
<A NAME="Bison Options"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC87"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_12.html#SEC86"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_12.html#SEC88"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_12.html#SEC86"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_12.html#SEC86"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_13.html#SEC90"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_toc.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_15.html#SEC92">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_abt.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 9.1 Bison Options </H2>
<!--docid::SEC87::-->
<P>
Bison supports both traditional single-letter options and mnemonic long
option names. Long option names are indicated with `<SAMP>--</SAMP>' instead of
`<SAMP>-</SAMP>'. Abbreviations for option names are allowed as long as they
are unique. When a long option takes an argument, like
`<SAMP>--file-prefix</SAMP>', connect the option name and the argument with
`<SAMP>=</SAMP>'.
</P>
<P>
Here is a list of options that can be used with Bison, alphabetized by
short option. It is followed by a cross key alphabetized by long
option.
</P>
<P>
</P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT>`<SAMP>-b <VAR>file-prefix</VAR></SAMP>'
<DD><DT>`<SAMP>--file-prefix=<VAR>prefix</VAR></SAMP>'
<DD>Specify a prefix to use for all Bison output file names. The names are
chosen as if the input file were named `<TT><VAR>prefix</VAR>.c</TT>'.
<P>
</P>
<DT>`<SAMP>-d</SAMP>'
<DD><DT>`<SAMP>--defines</SAMP>'
<DD>Write an extra output file containing macro definitions for the token
type names defined in the grammar and the semantic value type
<CODE>YYSTYPE</CODE>, as well as a few <CODE>extern</CODE> variable declarations.
<P>
If the parser output file is named `<TT><VAR>name</VAR>.c</TT>' then this file
is named `<TT><VAR>name</VAR>.h</TT>'.</P>
<P>
This output file is essential if you wish to put the definition of
<CODE>yylex</CODE> in a separate source file, because <CODE>yylex</CODE> needs to
be able to refer to token type codes and the variable
<CODE>yylval</CODE>. See section <A HREF="bison_7.html#SEC62">Semantic Values of Tokens</A>.</P>
<P>
</P>
<DT>`<SAMP>-l</SAMP>'
<DD><DT>`<SAMP>--no-lines</SAMP>'
<DD>Don't put any <CODE>#line</CODE> preprocessor commands in the parser file.
Ordinarily Bison puts them in the parser file so that the C compiler
and debuggers will associate errors with your source file, the
grammar file. This option causes them to associate errors with the
parser file, treating it as an independent source file in its own right.
<P>
</P>
<DT>`<SAMP>-n</SAMP>'
<DD><DT>`<SAMP>--no-parser</SAMP>'
<DD>Do not include any C code in the parser file; generate tables only. The
parser file contains just <CODE>#define</CODE> directives and static variable
declarations.
<P>
This option also tells Bison to write the C code for the grammar actions
into a file named `<TT><VAR>filename</VAR>.act</TT>', in the form of a
brace-surrounded body fit for a <CODE>switch</CODE> statement.
</P>
<P>
</P>
<DT>`<SAMP>-o <VAR>outfile</VAR></SAMP>'
<DD><DT>`<SAMP>--output-file=<VAR>outfile</VAR></SAMP>'
<DD>Specify the name <VAR>outfile</VAR> for the parser file.
<P>
The other output files' names are constructed from <VAR>outfile</VAR>
as described under the `<SAMP>-v</SAMP>' and `<SAMP>-d</SAMP>' options.
</P>
<P>
</P>
<DT>`<SAMP>-p <VAR>prefix</VAR></SAMP>'
<DD><DT>`<SAMP>--name-prefix=<VAR>prefix</VAR></SAMP>'
<DD>Rename the external symbols used in the parser so that they start with
<VAR>prefix</VAR> instead of `<SAMP>yy</SAMP>'. The precise list of symbols renamed
is <CODE>yyparse</CODE>, <CODE>yylex</CODE>, <CODE>yyerror</CODE>, <CODE>yynerrs</CODE>,
<CODE>yylval</CODE>, <CODE>yychar</CODE> and <CODE>yydebug</CODE>.
<P>
For example, if you use `<SAMP>-p c</SAMP>', the names become <CODE>cparse</CODE>,
<CODE>clex</CODE>, and so on.
</P>
<P>
See section <A HREF="bison_6.html#SEC57">Multiple Parsers in the Same Program</A>.
</P>
<P>
</P>
<DT>`<SAMP>-r</SAMP>'
<DD><DT>`<SAMP>--raw</SAMP>'
<DD>Pretend that <CODE>%raw</CODE> was specified. See section <A HREF="bison_6.html#SEC56">3.6.8 Bison Declaration Summary</A>.
<P>
</P>
<DT>`<SAMP>-t</SAMP>'
<DD><DT>`<SAMP>--debug</SAMP>'
<DD>Output a definition of the macro <CODE>YYDEBUG</CODE> into the parser file,
so that the debugging facilities are compiled. See section <A HREF="bison_11.html#SEC85">Debugging Your Parser</A>.
<P>
</P>
<DT>`<SAMP>-v</SAMP>'
<DD><DT>`<SAMP>--verbose</SAMP>'
<DD>Write an extra output file containing verbose descriptions of the
parser states and what is done for each type of look-ahead token in
that state.
<P>
This file also describes all the conflicts, both those resolved by
operator precedence and the unresolved ones.
</P>
<P>
The file's name is made by removing `<SAMP>.tab.c</SAMP>' or `<SAMP>.c</SAMP>' from
the parser output file name, and adding `<SAMP>.output</SAMP>' instead.</P>
<P>
Therefore, if the input file is `<TT>foo.y</TT>', then the parser file is
called `<TT>foo.tab.c</TT>' by default. As a consequence, the verbose
output file is called `<TT>foo.output</TT>'.</P>
<P>
</P>
<DT>`<SAMP>-V</SAMP>'
<DD><DT>`<SAMP>--version</SAMP>'
<DD>Print the version number of Bison and exit.
<P>
</P>
<DT>`<SAMP>-h</SAMP>'
<DD><DT>`<SAMP>--help</SAMP>'
<DD>Print a summary of the command-line options to Bison and exit.
<P>
</P>
<DT>`<SAMP>-y</SAMP>'
<DD><DT>`<SAMP>--yacc</SAMP>'
<DD><DT>`<SAMP>--fixed-output-files</SAMP>'
<DD>Equivalent to `<SAMP>-o y.tab.c</SAMP>'; the parser output file is called
`<TT>y.tab.c</TT>', and the other outputs are called `<TT>y.output</TT>' and
`<TT>y.tab.h</TT>'. The purpose of this option is to imitate Yacc's output
file name conventions. Thus, the following shell script can substitute
for Yacc:<P>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bison -y $*
</pre></td></tr></table></DL>
<P>
<A NAME="Option Cross Key"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC88"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_12.html#SEC87"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_12.html#SEC89"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_12.html#SEC86"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_12.html#SEC86"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_13.html#SEC90"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_toc.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_15.html#SEC92">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_abt.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 9.2 Option Cross Key </H2>
<!--docid::SEC88::-->
<P>
Here is a list of options, alphabetized by long option, to help you find
the corresponding short option.
</P>
<P>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>--debug -t
--defines -d
--file-prefix=<VAR>prefix</VAR> -b <VAR>file-prefix</VAR>
--fixed-output-files --yacc -y
--help -h
--name-prefix=<VAR>prefix</VAR> -p <VAR>name-prefix</VAR>
--no-lines -l
--no-parser -n
--output-file=<VAR>outfile</VAR> -o <VAR>outfile</VAR>
--raw -r
--token-table -k
--verbose -v
--version -V
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
<A NAME="VMS Invocation"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC89"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_12.html#SEC88"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_13.html#SEC90"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_12.html#SEC86"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_12.html#SEC86"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_13.html#SEC90"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_toc.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_15.html#SEC92">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_abt.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 9.3 Invoking Bison under VMS </H2>
<!--docid::SEC89::-->
<P>
The command line syntax for Bison on VMS is a variant of the usual
Bison command syntax--adapted to fit VMS conventions.
</P>
<P>
To find the VMS equivalent for any Bison option, start with the long
option, and substitute a `<SAMP>/</SAMP>' for the leading `<SAMP>--</SAMP>', and
substitute a `<SAMP>_</SAMP>' for each `<SAMP>-</SAMP>' in the name of the long option.
For example, the following invocation under VMS:
</P>
<P>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bison /debug/name_prefix=bar foo.y
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
is equivalent to the following command under POSIX.
</P>
<P>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bison --debug --name-prefix=bar foo.y
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
The VMS file system does not permit filenames such as
`<TT>foo.tab.c</TT>'. In the above example, the output file
would instead be named `<TT>foo_tab.c</TT>'.
</P>
<P>
<A NAME="Table of Symbols"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_12.html#SEC86"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_13.html#SEC90"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_toc.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_15.html#SEC92">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bison_abt.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1">
This document was generated
by <I>Frank B. Brokken</I> on <I>January, 28 2005</I>
using <A HREF="http://texi2html.cvshome.org"><I>texi2html</I></A>
</FONT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
|
