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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>CODEHOP</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000ff" VLINK="#551a8b" ALINK="#ff0000" BGCOLOR="#ffffff">
<TABLE BORDER=0>
<TR>
<TD><IMG ALIGN=LEFT SRC="/blocks/icons/blocks.xbm"></TD>
<TD><H1>CODEHOP:<BR><U>CO</U>nsensus-<U>DE</U>generate <U>H</U>ybrid <U>O</U>ligonucleotide <U>P</U>rimers</H1></TD>
<TD><IMG SRC="/blocks/help/CODEHOP/CODEHOP_mascot.jpeg" WIDTH="156" HEIGHT="80" ALT="CODEHOP mascot"></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD>_______________________</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<FORM METHOD="POST" ACTION="/blocks-bin/codehop.pl">
<H2>PCR primers designed from protein multiple sequence alignments</H2>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="/blocks/help/CODEHOP/tips.html">Getting started</A></LI>
<LI>Full <A HREF="/blocks/help/CODEHOP/CODEHOP_help.html">Help</A> file</LI>
<LI>The <A HREF="/blocks/help/CODEHOP/CODEHOP_program.html">CODEHOP algorithm</A>
<LI>The <A HREF="/blocks/help/CODEHOP/manuscript.html">CODEHOP manuscript</A>
<LI><A HREF="http://courses.washington.edu/bioinfo/CODEHOP/Codehop%20Genes.html">
Genes</A> identified using CODEHOP
<P>
<LI>The input should be a set of local multiple alignments (blocks) of a
group of related protein sequences. The alignments must be in
<A HREF="/blocks/blocks_format.html">Blocks Database format</A>, such as in <A HREF="/blocks/make_blocks.html">Block Maker</A></LI> output.
<LI> Ungapped parts of Clustal- or FASTA-formatted global multiple
alignments can be automatically turned into blocks by the Blocks
<A HREF="/blocks/process_blocks.html">multiple alignment processor</A>. You can also manually reformat
multiple sequence alignments with the
<A HREF="/blocks/block_formatter.html">Blocks formatter</A>.</LI>
<LI> The output of all these programs contains links that send the
resulting blocks to this page.
<LI> If your sequences align globally, you will get better multiple
alignment results from <A HREF="http://www2.ebi.ac.uk/clustalw/">Clustal</A>
than from the motif finders used by Block Maker.
<LI>Blocks are processed using sequence weights (the numbers
following each sequence segment). To <A HREF="/blocks/help/CODEHOP/CODEHOP_help.html#TIPS">emphasize particular sequences</A>
in the block(s) manually adjust the sequence weights. Increase the
number to give a sequence more weight.
</UL>
<TABLE BORDER="0" WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1">
<TR><TD>Paste your block(s) below:</TD>
<TD ALIGN="RIGHT"><INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT" VALUE="Look for primers">
<INPUT TYPE="RESET" VALUE="Reset & Clear">
</TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN="2"><TEXTAREA NAME="blocks" ROWS="10" COLS="70"></TEXTAREA>
</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE BORDER="0" WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="1">
<TR><TD><A HREF="/blocks/help/CODEHOP/CODEHOP_help.html#CODEHOP">Core</A> (degenerate 3' region)</TD>
<TD>- <A HREF="/blocks/help/CODEHOP/CODEHOP_help.html#DEGENERACY">degeneracy</A>
[default=128]:</TD>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="TEXT" SIZE="5" NAME="core_degen" VALUE="128"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD>
<TD>- <A HREF="/blocks/help/CODEHOP/CODEHOP_help.html#STRICTNESS">strictness</A>
[default=0.0]:</TD>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="TEXT" SIZE="5" NAME="core_strict" VALUE="0.0"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"></TD></TR>
<TR><TD><A HREF="/blocks/help/CODEHOP/CODEHOP_help.html#CODEHOP">Clamp</A>
(non-degenerate 5' region)</TD>
<TD>- <A HREF="/blocks/help/CODEHOP/CODEHOP_help.html#TEMP">temperature</A>
[default=60.0]:</TD>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="TEXT" SIZE="5" NAME="clamp_temp" VALUE="60.0"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD>
<TD>- <A HREF="/blocks/help/CODEHOP/CODEHOP_help.html#POLYX">poly-nuc</A>
[default=5]:</TD>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="TEXT" SIZE="5" NAME="polyx" VALUE="5"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN="2"><A HREF="/blocks/help/CODEHOP/CODEHOP_help.html#TEMP">Primer concentration</A> [in nM,
default=50nM]:</TD>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="TEXT" SIZE="5" NAME="clamp_conc" VALUE="50"></TD>
<TD>(<A HREF="/blocks/help/CODEHOP/CODEHOP_help.html#TEMP">[K+]</A>=50mM)</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P>
<A HREF="/blocks/help/CODEHOP/CODEHOP_help.html#GCODE">Genetic code</A>
<SELECT NAME="gcode" SIZE="1">
<OPTION VALUE="0" SELECTED>Standard
<OPTION VALUE="1">Vertebrate Mitochondrial
<OPTION VALUE="2">Yeast Mitochondrial
<OPTION VALUE="3">Mold Mitochondrial and Mycoplasma
<OPTION VALUE="4">Invertebrate Mitochondrial
<OPTION VALUE="5">Ciliate Nuclear
<OPTION VALUE="6">Echinoderm Mitochondrial
<OPTION VALUE="7">Euplotid Mitochondrial
<OPTION VALUE="8">Bacterial and Plant Plastid
<OPTION VALUE="9">Alternative Yeast Nuclear
<OPTION VALUE="10">Ascidian Mitochondrial
<OPTION VALUE="11">Flatworm Mitochondrial
<OPTION VALUE="12">Blepharisma Macronuclear
<OPTION VALUE="13">Chlorophycean Mitochondrial
<OPTION VALUE="14">Trematode Mitochondrial
<OPTION VALUE="15">Scenedesmus obliquus Mitochondrial
<OPTION VALUE="16">Thraustochytrium Mitochondrial
</SELECT>
<P>
<A HREF="/blocks/help/CODEHOP/CODEHOP_help.html#CODEUSE">Codon usage table</A>
(scroll for more choices):
<SELECT NAME="codonuse" SIZE="5">
<OPTION>------gbbct------
<OPTION VALUE="achole.codon.use">Acholeplasma laidlawii
<OPTION VALUE="agro.codon.use">Agrobacterium tumefaciens
<OPTION VALUE="bacsub.codon.use">Bacillus subtilis
<OPTION VALUE="bact.codon.use">Bacillus thuringiensis
<OPTION VALUE="bartb.codon.use">Bartonella bacilliformis
<OPTION VALUE="barth.codon.use">Bartonella henselae
<OPTION VALUE="brucella.codon.use">Brucella abortus
<OPTION VALUE="burkhold.codon.use">Burkholderia glumae
<OPTION VALUE="campy.codon.use">Campylobacter jejuni
<OPTION VALUE="chlam.codon.use">Chlamydia trachomatis
<OPTION VALUE="chllim.codon.use">Chlorobium limicola
<OPTION VALUE="chlvib.codon.use">Chlorobium vibrioforme
<OPTION VALUE="chltep.codon.use">Chlorobium tepidum
<OPTION VALUE="clostr.codon.use">Clostridium botulinum
<OPTION VALUE="crenarch.codon.use">Crenarchaeota
<OPTION VALUE="ehrl.codon.use">Ehrlichia chaffeensis
<OPTION VALUE="ecoli.codon.use">Escherichia coli
<OPTION VALUE="euryarch.codon.use">Euryarchaeota
<OPTION VALUE="haemophilus.codon.use">Haemophilus influenzae
<OPTION VALUE="halobac.codon.use">Halobacterium sp. NRC-1
<OPTION VALUE="helico.codon.use">Helicobacter pylori 26695
<OPTION VALUE="lacto.codon.use">Lactobacillus casei
<OPTION VALUE="lactis.codon.use">Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis Il1403
<OPTION VALUE="lepto.codon.use">Leptospira interrogans
<OPTION VALUE="myxo.codon.use">Myxococcus xanthus
<OPTION VALUE="pantoea.codon.use">Pantoea agglomerans
<OPTION VALUE="paraco.codon.use">Paracoccus denitrificans
<OPTION VALUE="picro.codon.use">Picrophilus torridus
<OPTION VALUE="pseudo.codon.use">Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea
<OPTION VALUE="pyroc.codon.use">Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3
<OPTION VALUE="ralston.codon.use">Ralstonia eutropha
<OPTION VALUE="rhizoleg.codon.use">Rhizobium leguminosarum
<OPTION VALUE="rhodo.codon.use">Rhodobacter sphaeroides
<OPTION VALUE="rhodoc.codon.use">Rhodococcus erythropolis
<OPTION VALUE="sinorhiz.codon.use">Sinorhizobium meliloti
<OPTION VALUE="staph.codon.use">Staphylococcus aureus
<OPTION VALUE="strep.codon.use">Streptomyces coelicolor
<OPTION VALUE="sulfolobus.codon.use">Sulfolobus solfataricus
<OPTION VALUE="synecho.codon.use">Synechococcus sp.
<OPTION VALUE="xantho.codon.use">Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
<OPTION VALUE="hopper.codon.use">Unknown flavobacteria
<OPTION>------gbinv------
<OPTION VALUE="acanth.codon.use">Acanthamoeba castellanii
<OPTION VALUE="coral.codon.use">Acropora millepora
<OPTION VALUE="ancyl.codon.use">Ancylostoma canium
<OPTION VALUE="seasnail.codon.use">Aplysia californica
<OPTION VALUE="artemia.codon.use">Artemia franciscana
<OPTION VALUE="ascaris.codon.use">Ascaris suum
<OPTION VALUE="bivalve.codon.use">Bivalve mollusks
<OPTION VALUE="cockroach.codon.use">Blattella germanica
<OPTION VALUE="bombyx.codon.use">Bombyx mori
<OPTION VALUE="brugia.codon.use">Brugia malayi
<OPTION VALUE="worm.codon.use">Caenorhabditis elegans
<OPTION VALUE="bluecrab.codon.use">Callinectes sapidus
<OPTION VALUE="cephalopod.codon.use">Cephalopods
<OPTION VALUE="culexpip.codon.use">Culex pipiens
<OPTION VALUE="amoeba.codon.use">Dictyostelium discoideum
<OPTION VALUE="fly.codon.use">Drosophila melanogaster
<OPTION VALUE="microspor.codon.use">Encephalitozoon cuniculi GB-M1
<OPTION VALUE="entam.codon.use">Entamoeba histolytica
<OPTION VALUE="waxmoth.codon.use">Galleria mellonella
<OPTION VALUE="geodia.codon.use">Geodia cydonium
<OPTION VALUE="giardia.codon.use">Giardia intestinalis
<OPTION VALUE="haem.codon.use">Haemonchus contortus
<OPTION VALUE="helicov.codon.use">Helicoverpa armigera
<OPTION VALUE="helio.codon.use">Heliothis virescens
<OPTION VALUE="soycyst.codon.use">Heterodera glycines
<OPTION VALUE="hirudo.codon.use">Hirudo medicinalis
<OPTION VALUE="hydra.codon.use">Hydra vulgaris
<OPTION VALUE="ant.codon.use">Lasius niger
<OPTION VALUE="leishm.codon.use">Leishmania major
<OPTION VALUE="leish.codon.use">Leishmania tarentolae
<OPTION VALUE="shrimp.codon.use">Litopenaeus vannamei
<OPTION VALUE="luci.codon.use">Lucilia cuprina
<OPTION VALUE="lymn.codon.use">Lymnaea stagnalis
<OPTION VALUE="musca.codon.use">Musca domestica
<OPTION VALUE="bmussel.codon.use">Mytilus edulis
<OPTION VALUE="mussel.codon.use">Mytilus galloprovincialis
<OPTION VALUE="myzus.codon.use">Myzus persicae
<OPTION VALUE="onch.codon.use">Onchocerca volvulus
<OPTION VALUE="placo.codon.use">Placopecten magellanicus
<OPTION VALUE="plasmo.codon.use">Plasmodium falciparum
<OPTION VALUE="jellyfish.codon.use">Podocoryne carnea
<OPTION VALUE="schis.codon.use">Schistosoma mansoni
<OPTION VALUE="strongy.codon.use">Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
<OPTION VALUE="suberites.codon.use">Suberites domuncula
<OPTION VALUE="tetrapyr.codon.use">Tetrahymena pyriformis
<OPTION VALUE="tetra.codon.use">Tetrahymena thermophila
<OPTION VALUE="trich.codon.use">Trichinella spiralis
<OPTION VALUE="trichomonas.codon.use">Trichomonas vaginalis
<OPTION VALUE="tryp.codon.use">Trypanosoma brucei
<OPTION>------gbmam------
<OPTION VALUE="cow.codon.use">Bos taurus
<OPTION VALUE="dog.codon.use">Canis familiaris
<OPTION VALUE="horse.codon.use">Equus caballus
<OPTION VALUE="rabbit.codon.use">Oryctolagus cuniculus
<OPTION VALUE="sheep.codon.use">Ovis aries
<OPTION VALUE="pig.codon.use">Sus scrofa
<OPTION>------gbpln------
<OPTION VALUE="alder.codon.use">Alnus glutinosa
<OPTION VALUE="snapdragon.codon.use">Antirrhinum majus
<OPTION VALUE="arab.codon.use">Arabadopsis thaliana
<OPTION VALUE="asperfum.codon.use">Aspergillus fumigatus
<OPTION VALUE="aspernid.codon.use">Aspergillus nidulans
<OPTION VALUE="napus.codon.use">Brassica napus
<OPTION VALUE="broc.codon.use">Brassica oleracea
<OPTION VALUE="campto.codon.use">Camptotheca acuminata
<OPTION VALUE="fern.codon.use">Ceratopteris richardii
<OPTION VALUE="chara.codon.use">Chara corallina
<OPTION VALUE="chlamy.codon.use">Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
<OPTION VALUE="citrus.codon.use">Citrus sinensis
<OPTION VALUE="clarkiab.codon.use">Clarkia breweri
<OPTION VALUE="clarkiac.codon.use">Clarkia concinna
<OPTION VALUE="hazelnut.codon.use">Corylus avellana
<OPTION VALUE="dunal.codon.use">Dunaliella salina
<OPTION VALUE="emernid.codon.use">Emericella nidulans
<OPTION VALUE="poppy.codon.use">Eschscholzia californica
<OPTION VALUE="euglena.codon.use">Euglena gracilis
<OPTION VALUE="fabaceae.codon.use">Fabaceae family
<OPTION VALUE="ginkgo.codon.use">Ginkgo biloba
<OPTION VALUE="soybean.codon.use">Glycine max
<OPTION VALUE="gony.codon.use">Gonyaulax polyedra
<OPTION VALUE="gossy.codon.use">Gossypium hirsutum
<OPTION VALUE="barley.codon.use">Hordeum vulgare
<OPTION VALUE="lotus.codon.use">Lotus corniculatus var. japonicus
<OPTION VALUE="lily.codon.use">Lilium longiflorum
<OPTION VALUE="tomato.codon.use">Lycopersicon esculentum
<OPTION VALUE="apple.codon.use">Malus domestica
<OPTION VALUE="cassava.codon.use">Manihot esculenta
<OPTION VALUE="marchan.codon.use">Marchantia polymorpha
<OPTION VALUE="medicago.codon.use">Medicago truncatula
<OPTION VALUE="iceplant.codon.use">Mesembryanthemum crystallinum
<OPTION VALUE="mucorc.codon.use">Mucor circinelloides
<OPTION VALUE="mucor.codon.use">Mucor racemosus
<OPTION VALUE="banana.codon.use">Musa acuminata
<OPTION VALUE="neur.codon.use">Neurospora crassa
<OPTION VALUE="tobacco.codon.use">Nicotiana tabacum
<OPTION VALUE="rice.codon.use">Oryza sativa
<OPTION VALUE="petunia.codon.use">Petunia x hybrida
<OPTION VALUE="bean.codon.use">Phaseolus vulgaris
<OPTION VALUE="moss.codon.use">Physcomitrella patens
<OPTION VALUE="pichian.codon.use">Pichia angusta
<OPTION VALUE="pichia.codon.use">Pichia pastoris
<OPTION VALUE="whitepine.codon.use">Pinus strobus
<OPTION VALUE="scotspine.codon.use">Pinus sylvestris
<OPTION VALUE="loblolly.codon.use">Pinus taeda
<OPTION VALUE="pea.codon.use">Pisum sativum
<OPTION VALUE="mushroom.codon.use">Pleurotus ostreatus
<OPTION VALUE="porph.codon.use">Porphyra pulchra
<OPTION VALUE="porphy.codon.use">Porphyra yezoensis
<OPTION VALUE="peach.codon.use">Prunus persica
<OPTION VALUE="castor.codon.use">Ricinus communis
<OPTION VALUE="yeast.codon.use">Saccharomyces cerevisiae
<OPTION VALUE="pombe.codon.use">Schizosaccharomyces pombe
<OPTION VALUE="sclerotinia.codon.use">Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
<OPTION VALUE="silene.codon.use">Silene latifolia
<OPTION VALUE="potato.codon.use">Solanum tuberosum
<OPTION VALUE="sorghum.codon.use">Sorghum bicolor
<OPTION VALUE="fungus.codon.use">Trametes versicolor
<OPTION VALUE="mildew.codon.use">Uncinula necator
<OPTION VALUE="ustilago.codon.use">Ustilago maydis
<OPTION VALUE="grape.codon.use">Vitis vinifera
<OPTION VALUE="zea.codon.use">Zea mays
<OPTION VALUE="zinnia.codon.use">Zinnia elegans
<OPTION>------gbpri------
<OPTION VALUE="human.codon.use" SELECTED>Homo sapiens
<OPTION>------gbrod------
<OPTION VALUE="cavia.codon.use">Cavia porcellus
<OPTION VALUE="mouse.codon.use">Mus musculus
<OPTION VALUE="rat.codon.use">Rattus norvegicus
<OPTION>------gbvrl------
<OPTION VALUE="civ.codon.use">Chilo iridescent virus
<OPTION VALUE="grapev2.codon.use">Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2
<OPTION VALUE="herpes4.codon.use">Human herpesvirus 4
<OPTION VALUE="pringspot.codon.use">Papaya ringspot virus
<OPTION VALUE="vsv.codon.use">Vesicular stomatitis virus
<OPTION>------gbvrt------
<OPTION VALUE="amby.codon.use">Ambystoma mexicanum
<OPTION VALUE="anas.codon.use">Anas platyrhynchos
<OPTION VALUE="duck.codon.use">Cairina moschata
<OPTION VALUE="zebra.codon.use">Danio rerio
<OPTION VALUE="phagfish.codon.use">Eptatretus stouti
<OPTION VALUE="fugu.codon.use">Fugu rubripes
<OPTION VALUE="chicken.codon.use">Gallus gallus
<OPTION VALUE="ahagfish.codon.use">Myxine glutinosa
<OPTION VALUE="lamprey.codon.use">Petromyzon marinus
<OPTION VALUE="flounder.codon.use">Platichthys flesus
<OPTION VALUE="turtle.codon.use">Trachemys scripta
<OPTION VALUE="squalus.codon.use">Squalus acanthias
<OPTION VALUE="frog.codon.use">Xenopus laevis
<OPTION>------other------
<OPTION VALUE="equal.codon.use">Equal
</SELECT></P>
<P>By default, up to 3 of the least degenerate primers in an
<A HREF="/blocks/help/CODEHOP/CODEHOP_help.html#SHOWPRIMER">overlapping set</A>
are shown.<BR>
<TABLE>
<TR><TD colspan=2>
Show the
<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" SIZE="3" NAME="outoligo" VALUE="3">
least degenerate, or show all overlapping primers.
<INPUT TYPE="CHECKBOX" NAME="verbose" VALUE="TRUE">
</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
By default, the 3' base of the primer must be an invariant position,
regardless of the core strictness setting.
<BR>Use core strictness for the 3' base.
<INPUT TYPE="CHECKBOX" NAME="begin" VALUE="TRUE">
<TABLE>
<TR><TD colspan=2>
Force the
<A HREF="/blocks/help/CODEHOP/CODEHOP_help.html#BOUNDARY">core/clamp boundary</A> to be a codon boundary.
<INPUT TYPE="CHECKBOX" NAME="rose" VALUE="TRUE">
<BR>Use the most common codons in the
<A HREF="/blocks/help/CODEHOP/CODEHOP_help.html#CLAMP">clamp</A>.
<INPUT TYPE="CHECKBOX" NAME="most" VALUE="TRUE"></P>
</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P><INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT" VALUE="Look for primers">
<INPUT TYPE="RESET" VALUE="Reset & Clear">
<HR>
</FORM>
<B>
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[<A HREF="/blocks/help/CODEHOP/CODEHOP_help.html">CODEHOP help</A>]
[<A HREF="/blocks/help/CODEHOP/tips.html">Getting started</A>]
[<A HREF="/blocks/help/CODEHOP/CODEHOP_program.html">CODEHOP program</A>]
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Page last modified <MODIFICATION_DATE>Mar 2003</MODIFICATION_DATE></P>
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