1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
|
'\"
'\" Copyright 1991-2001 by Bell Labs Innovations for Lucent Technologies.
'\"
'\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
'\" documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided
'\" that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that the
'\" copyright notice and warranty disclaimer appear in supporting documentation,
'\" and that the names of Lucent Technologies any of their entities not be used
'\" in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software
'\" without specific, written prior permission.
'\"
'\" Lucent Technologies disclaims all warranties with regard to this software,
'\" including all implied warranties of merchantability and fitness. In no event
'\" shall Lucent Technologies be liable for any special, indirect or
'\" consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use,
'\" data or profits, whether in an action of contract, negligence or other
'\" tortuous action, arising out of or in connection with the use or performance
'\" of this software.
'\"
'\" Bitmap command created by George Howlett.
'\"
.so man.macros
.TH bitmap n BLT_VERSION BLT "BLT Built-In Commands"
.BS
'\" Note: do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
bitmap \- Define a new bitmap from a Tcl script
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fBbitmap define \fIbitmapName data\fR ?\fIoption value\fR?...
.sp
\fBbitmap compose \fIbitmapName text\fR ?\fIoption value\fR?...
.sp
\fBbitmap exists \fIbitmapName\fR
.sp
\fBbitmap source \fIbitmapName\fR
.sp
\fBbitmap data \fIbitmapName\fR
.sp
\fBbitmap height \fIbitmapName\fR
.sp
\fBbitmap width \fIbitmapName\fR
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBbitmap\fR command lets you create new bitmaps directly from your
Tcl script. The bitmap can be specified as a list of data or a text string
which is converted into a bitmap. You can arbitrarily scale
or rotate the bitmap too.
.SH INTRODUCTION
Bitmaps are commonly used within Tk. In label and button widgets, you
display bitmaps them instead of text strings and in the canvas and
text widgets, they're used for stippling. But Tk let's you can create
new bitmaps only by reading the bitmap data from a file. This makes
bitmaps cumbersome to manage, especially in packaging the program as a
\fBwish\fR script, since each bitmap must be its own file. It would
be nicer if you could create new bitmaps directly from your Tcl script.
.PP
The \fBbitmap\fR command lets you do just that. You can specify the
bitmap as in various formats (such as the X11 bitmap format). You can
also compose a bitmap from a text string. The \fBbitmap\fR command
also lets you and arbitrarily rotate or scale the bitmap. For example, you
could use this to create button widgets with the text label rotated 90
degrees.
.SH EXAMPLE
<<<<<<< bitmap.mann
You can define a new bitmap with the \fBdefine\fR operation. For
example, let's say you are using the X11 bitmap "gray1". Normally to
use it, you would specify the location of the file.
.CS
label .l -bitmap @/usr/X11R6/include/X11/bitmaps/gray1
.CE
But you can simply cut and paste the contents of "gray1" into the
\fBbitmap\fR command.
.CS
bitmap define gray1 {
#define gray1_width 2
#define gray1_height 2
static char gray1_bits[] = {
0x01, 0x02};
}
label .l -bitmap gray1
.CE
Tk will recognize "gray1" as a bitmap which can now be used with any
widget that accepts bitmaps.
.CS
\&.barchart element configure elem1 -stipple gray1
.CE
The bitmap data can be specified in a multitude of forms.
The following commands are all equivalent.
.CS
bitmap define gray1 {
#define gray1_width 2
#define gray1_height 2
static char gray1_bits[] = {
0x01, 0x02};
}
bitmap define gray1 { { 2 2 } { 0x01, 0x02 } }
bitmap define gray1 { { 2 2 } { 0x01 0x02 } }
bitmap define gray1 { { 2 2 } { 1 2 } }
.CE
Either the data is in the standard X11 bitmap form, or it's a list of
two lists. The first list contains the height and width of the bitmap.
The second list is the bitmap source data. Each element of that list
is an hexadecimal number specifying which pixels are foreground (1)
and which are background (0) of the bitmap. Note that the format of
the source data is exactly that of the XBM format.
.P
You can scale or rotate the bitmap as you create it, by using the
\fB-scale\fR or\fB-rotate\fR options.
.CS
bitmap define gray1 {
#define gray1_width 2
#define gray1_height 2
static char gray1_bits[] = {
0x01, 0x02};
} -scale 2.0 -rotate 90.0
.CE
In addition, you can compose bitmaps from text strings. This makes it
easy to create rotated buttons or labels. The text string can have
multi-line.
.CS
bitmap compose rot_text "This is rotated\\ntext" \\
-rotate 90.0 -font fixed
.CE
There are also a number of ways to query bitmaps. This isn't limited
to bitmaps that you create, but any bitmap.
.CS
bitmap exists rot_text
bitmap width rot_text
bitmap height rot_text
bitmap data rot_text
bitmap source rot_text
.CE
The \fBexists\fR operation indicates if a bitmap by that name is
defined. You can query the dimensions of the bitmap using the
\fBwidth\fR and \fBheight\fR operations. The \fBdata\fR operation
returns the list of the data used to create the bitmap.
For example, you could query the data of a bitmap and \fBsend\fR
it across the network to another Tk application.
.CS
set data [bitmap data @/usr/X11R6/include/X11/bitmaps/ghost.xbm]
send {wish #2} bitmap define ghost $data
.CE
.SH OPERATIONS
The following operations are available for \fBbitmap\fR:
.TP
\fBbitmap compose \fIbitmapName text \fR?\fIoption value\fR?...
Creates a bitmap \fIbitmapName\fR from the text string \fItext\fR.
A bitmap \fIbitmapName\fR can not already exist.
The following options are available.
.RS
.TP
\fB\-font \fIfontName\fR
Specifies a font to use when drawing text into the bitmap.
If this option isn't specified then \fIfontName\fR defaults to
\fB*-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal-*-140-*\fR.
.TP
\fB\-rotate \fItheta\fR
Specifies the angle of rotation of the text in the bitmap.
\fITheta\fR is a real number representing the angle in degrees.
It defaults to \fB0.0\fR degrees.
.TP
\fB\-scale \fIvalue\fR
Specifies the scale of the bitmap.
\fIValue\fR is a real number representing the scale. A scale
of 1.0 indicates no scaling is necessary, while 2.0 would
double the size of the bitmap. There is no way to specify
differents scales for the width and height of the bitmap.
The default scale is \fB1.0\fR.
.RE
.TP
\fBbitmap data \fIbitmapName\fR
Returns a list of both the
dimensions of the bitmap \fIbitmapName\fR and its source data.
.TP
\fBbitmap define \fIbitmapName data\fR \fR?\fIoption value\fR?...
Associates \fIbitmapName\fR with in-memory bitmap data so that
\fIbitmapName\fR can be used in later calls to \fBTk_GetBitmap\fR.
The \fIbitmapName\fR argument is the name of the bitmap; it must not
previously have been defined in either a call to Tk_DefineBitmap or
\fBbitmap\fR. The argument \fIdata\fP describes the bitmap to
be created. It is either the X11 bitmap format (a C structure) or
a list of two lists: the dimensions and source data. The dimensions
are a list of two numbers which are the width
and height of the bitmap. The source data is a list of hexadecimal
values in a format similar to the X11 or X10 bitmap format. The
values may be optionally separated by commas and do not need to be
prefixed with "0x". The following options are available.
.RS
.TP
\fB\-rotate \fItheta\fR
Specifies how many degrees to rotate the bitmap.
\fITheta\fR is a real number representing the angle.
The default is \fB0.0\fR degrees.
.TP
\fB\-scale \fIvalue\fR
Specifies how to scale the bitmap.
\fIValue\fR is a real number representing the scale. A scale
of 1.0 indicates no scaling is necessary, while 2.0 would
double the size of the bitmap. There is no way to specify
differents scales for the width and height of the bitmap.
The default scale is \fB1.0\fR.
.RE
.TP
\fBbitmap exists \fIbitmapName\fR
Returns \fB1\fR if a bitmap \fIbitmapName\fR exists, otherwise \fB0\fR.
.TP
\fBbitmap height \fIbitmapName\fR
Returns the height in pixels of the bitmap \fIbitmapName\fR.
.TP
\fBbitmap source \fIbitmapName\fR
Returns the source data of the bitmap \fIbitmapName\fR. The source data is a
list of the hexadecimal values.
.TP
\fBbitmap width \fIbitmapName\fR
Returns the width in pixels of the bitmap \fIbitmapName\fR.
.SH LIMITATIONS
Tk currently offers no way of destroying bitmaps. Once a bitmap is
created, it exists until the application terminates.
.SH KEYWORDS
bitmap
|
