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// This file is part of BOINC.
// http://boinc.berkeley.edu
// Copyright (C) 2025 University of California
//
// BOINC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
// under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// as published by the Free Software Foundation,
// either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
// BOINC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
// See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with BOINC. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#if defined(_WIN32)
#include "boinc_win.h"
#include "str_util.h"
#include "win_util.h"
#endif
#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW32__)
#define finite _finite
#define snprintf _snprintf
#endif
#ifndef M_LN2
#define M_LN2 0.693147180559945309417
#endif
#include "boinc_stdio.h"
#ifndef _WIN32
#include "config.h"
#if defined(__APPLE__)
#include <mach-o/dyld.h>
#endif
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#if HAVE_IEEEFP_H
#include <ieeefp.h>
extern "C" {
int finite(double);
}
#endif
#endif
#include "base64.h"
#include "common_defs.h"
#include "error_numbers.h"
#include "filesys.h"
#include "mfile.h"
#include "miofile.h"
#include "parse.h"
#include "hostinfo.h"
#include "str_replace.h"
#include "util.h"
using std::min;
using std::string;
using std::vector;
#define EPOCHFILETIME_SEC (11644473600.)
#define TEN_MILLION 10000000.
#ifdef GCL_SIMULATOR
double simtime;
#endif
// return time of day (seconds since 1970) as a double
//
double dtime() {
#ifdef GCL_SIMULATOR
return simtime;
#else
#ifdef _WIN32
LARGE_INTEGER time;
FILETIME sysTime;
double t;
GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&sysTime);
time.LowPart = sysTime.dwLowDateTime;
time.HighPart = sysTime.dwHighDateTime; // Time is in 100 ns units
t = (double)time.QuadPart; // Convert to 1 s units
t /= TEN_MILLION; /* In seconds */
t -= EPOCHFILETIME_SEC; /* Offset to the Epoch time */
return t;
#else
struct timeval tv;
gettimeofday(&tv, 0);
return (double)tv.tv_sec + ((double)tv.tv_usec/1.e6);
#endif
#endif
}
// return time today 0:00 in seconds since 1970 as a double
//
double dday() {
double now=dtime();
return (now-fmod(now, SECONDS_PER_DAY));
}
// sleep for a specified number of seconds
//
void boinc_sleep(double seconds) {
#ifdef _WIN32
::Sleep((int)(1000*seconds));
#else
double end_time = dtime() + seconds - 0.01;
// sleep() and usleep() can be interrupted by SIGALRM,
// so we may need multiple calls
//
while (1) {
if (seconds >= 1) {
sleep((unsigned int) seconds);
} else {
usleep((int)fmod(seconds*1000000, 1000000));
}
seconds = end_time - dtime();
if (seconds <= 0) break;
}
#endif
}
void push_unique(string s, vector<string>& v) {
for (unsigned int i=0; i<v.size();i++) {
if (s == v[i]) return;
}
v.push_back(s);
}
// Update an estimate of "units per day" of something (credit or CPU time).
// The estimate is exponentially averaged with a given half-life
// (i.e. if no new work is done, the average will decline by 50% in this time).
// This function can be called either with new work,
// or with zero work to decay an existing average.
//
// NOTE: if you change this, also change update_average in
// html/inc/credit.inc
//
void update_average(
double now,
double work_start_time, // when new work was started
// (or zero if no new work)
double work, // amount of new work
double half_life,
double& avg, // average work per day (in and out)
double& avg_time // when average was last computed
) {
if (avg_time) {
// If an average R already exists, imagine that the new work was done
// entirely between avg_time and now.
// That gives a rate R'.
// Replace R with a weighted average of R and R',
// weighted so that we get the right half-life if R' == 0.
//
// But this blows up if avg_time == now; you get 0*(1/0)
// So consider the limit as diff->0,
// using the first-order Taylor expansion of
// exp(x)=1+x+O(x^2).
// So to the lowest order in diff:
// weight = 1 - diff ln(2) / half_life
// so one has
// avg += (1-weight)*(work/diff_days)
// avg += [diff*ln(2)/half_life] * (work*SECONDS_PER_DAY/diff)
// notice that diff cancels out, leaving
// avg += [ln(2)/half_life] * work*SECONDS_PER_DAY
double diff, diff_days, weight;
diff = now - avg_time;
if (diff<0) diff=0;
diff_days = diff/SECONDS_PER_DAY;
weight = exp(-diff*M_LN2/half_life);
avg *= weight;
if ((1.0-weight) > 1.e-6) {
avg += (1-weight)*(work/diff_days);
} else {
avg += M_LN2*work*SECONDS_PER_DAY/half_life;
}
} else if (work) {
// If first time, average is just work/duration
//
double dd = (now - work_start_time)/SECONDS_PER_DAY;
avg = work/dd;
}
avg_time = now;
}
void boinc_crash() {
#ifdef _WIN32
DebugBreak();
#else
abort();
#endif
}
// chdir into the given directory, and run a program there.
// Don't wait for it to exit.
// argv is Unix-style, i.e. argv[0] is the program name
//
#ifdef _WIN32
int run_program(
const char* dir, const char* file, int argc, char *const argv[], HANDLE& id
) {
int retval;
PROCESS_INFORMATION process_info;
STARTUPINFOA startup_info;
char cmdline[1024];
char error_msg[1024];
memset(&process_info, 0, sizeof(process_info));
memset(&startup_info, 0, sizeof(startup_info));
startup_info.cb = sizeof(startup_info);
// lpApplicationName needs to be NULL for CreateProcess to search path
// but argv[0] may be full path or just filename
// 'file' should be something runnable so use that as program name
snprintf(cmdline, sizeof(cmdline), "\"%s\"", file);
for (int i=1; i<argc; i++) {
safe_strcat(cmdline, " ");
safe_strcat(cmdline, argv[i]);
}
retval = CreateProcessA(
NULL,
cmdline,
NULL,
NULL,
FALSE, // don't inherit handles
0,
NULL,
dir,
&startup_info,
&process_info
);
if (!retval) {
windows_format_error_string(GetLastError(), error_msg, sizeof(error_msg));
fprintf(stderr,
"%s: CreateProcess failed: '%s'\n",
time_to_string(dtime()), error_msg
);
return -1; // CreateProcess returns 1 if successful, false if it failed.
}
if (process_info.hThread) CloseHandle(process_info.hThread);
id = process_info.hProcess;
return 0;
}
#else
int run_program(
const char* dir, const char* file, int , char *const argv[], int& id
) {
int retval;
int pid = fork();
if (pid == 0) {
if (dir) {
retval = chdir(dir);
if (retval) return retval;
}
execvp(file, argv);
boinc::perror("execvp");
boinc::fprintf(stderr, "couldn't exec %s: %d\n", file, errno);
exit(errno);
}
id = pid;
return 0;
}
#endif
// Run command, wait for exit.
// Return its output as vector of lines (\n-terminated).
// Win: output includes stdout and stderr
// Unix: if you want stderr too, add 2>&1 to command
// Return error if command failed
//
int run_command(char *cmd, vector<string> &out) {
out.clear();
#ifdef _WIN32
HANDLE pipe_read, pipe_write;
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sa;
STARTUPINFO si;
PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
memset(&pi, 0, sizeof(pi));
memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
sa.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
sa.bInheritHandle = TRUE;
sa.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL;
if (!CreatePipe(&pipe_read, &pipe_write, &sa, 0)) return -1;
SetHandleInformation(pipe_read, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0);
si.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO);
si.dwFlags |= STARTF_FORCEOFFFEEDBACK | STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW | STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
si.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE;
si.hStdOutput = pipe_write;
si.hStdError = pipe_write;
si.hStdInput = NULL;
if (!CreateProcess(
NULL,
(LPTSTR)cmd,
NULL,
NULL,
TRUE, // inherit handles
CREATE_NO_WINDOW,
NULL,
NULL,
&si,
&pi
)) {
return -1;
}
// wait for command to finish
//
WaitForSingleObject(pi.hProcess, INFINITE);
unsigned long exit_code;
GetExitCodeProcess(pi.hProcess, &exit_code);
if (exit_code) return -1;
DWORD count, nread;
PeekNamedPipe(pipe_read, NULL, NULL, NULL, &count, NULL);
if (count == 0) {
return 0;
}
char* buf = (char*)malloc(count+1);
if (!ReadFile(pipe_read, buf, count, &nread, NULL)) {
free(buf);
return -1;
}
buf[nread] = 0;
char* p = buf;
while (*p) {
char* q = strchr(p, '\n');
if (!q) break;
out.push_back(string(p, q-p+1)); // include \n
p = q + 1;
}
free(buf);
#else
#ifndef _USING_FCGI_
char buf[256];
errno = 0;
FILE* fp = popen(cmd, "r");
if (!fp) {
fprintf(stderr, "popen() failed: %s\n", cmd);
return ERR_FOPEN;
}
while (fgets(buf, 256, fp)) {
out.push_back(buf);
}
pclose(fp);
if (errno) {
fprintf(stderr, "popen() failed errno %d: %s\n", errno, cmd);
return -1;
}
#endif
#endif
return 0;
}
#ifdef _WIN32
// run the program, and return handles to write to and read from it
//
int run_program_pipe(
char *cmd, HANDLE &write_handle, HANDLE &read_handle, HANDLE &proc_handle
) {
HANDLE in_read, in_write, out_read, out_write;
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sa;
STARTUPINFO si;
PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
memset(&pi, 0, sizeof(pi));
memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
sa.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
sa.bInheritHandle = TRUE;
sa.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL;
if (!CreatePipe(&out_read, &out_write, &sa, 0)) return -1;
if (!SetHandleInformation(out_read, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0)) return -1;
if (!CreatePipe(&in_read, &in_write, &sa, 0)) return -1;
if (!SetHandleInformation(in_write, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0)) return -1;
si.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO);
si.dwFlags |= STARTF_FORCEOFFFEEDBACK | STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW | STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
si.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE;
si.hStdOutput = out_write;
si.hStdError = out_write;
si.hStdInput = in_read;
if (!CreateProcess(
NULL,
(LPTSTR)cmd,
NULL,
NULL,
TRUE, // inherit handles
CREATE_NO_WINDOW,
NULL,
NULL,
&si,
&pi
)) {
return -1;
}
write_handle = in_write;
read_handle = out_read;
proc_handle = pi.hProcess;
return 0;
}
int kill_process_with_status(int pid, int exit_code) {
int retval;
HANDLE h = OpenProcess(PROCESS_TERMINATE, false, pid);
if (h == NULL) return 0;
// process isn't there, so no error
if (TerminateProcess(h, exit_code)) {
retval = 0;
} else {
retval = ERR_KILL;
}
CloseHandle(h);
return retval;
}
int kill_process(HANDLE pid) {
if (TerminateProcess(pid, 0)) return 0;
return ERR_KILL;
}
#else
int kill_process(int pid) {
if (kill(pid, SIGKILL)) {
if (errno == ESRCH) return 0;
return ERR_KILL;
}
return 0;
}
#endif
#ifdef _WIN32
int get_exit_status(HANDLE pid_handle, int &status, double dt) {
if (dt>=0) {
DWORD dt_msec = (DWORD)dt*1000;
DWORD ret = WaitForSingleObject(pid_handle, dt_msec);
if (ret == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
return ERR_NOT_FOUND;
}
} else {
WaitForSingleObject(pid_handle, INFINITE);
}
unsigned long stat=1;
GetExitCodeProcess(pid_handle, &stat);
status = (int) stat;
return 0;
}
#else
int get_exit_status(int pid, int &status, double dt) {
if (dt>=0) {
while (1) {
int ret = waitpid(pid, &status, WNOHANG);
if (ret > 0) return 0;
dt -= 1;
if (dt<0) break;
boinc_sleep(1);
}
return ERR_NOT_FOUND;
} else {
waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
}
return 0;
}
#endif
bool boinc_is_finite(double x) {
#if defined (HPUX_SOURCE)
return _Isfinite(x);
#elif defined (__APPLE__)
// finite() is deprecated in OS 10.9
return std::isfinite(x) != 0;
#else
return finite(x) != 0;
#endif
}
#define PI2 (2*3.1415926)
// generate normal random numbers using Box-Muller.
// this generates 2 at a time, so cache the other one
//
double rand_normal() {
static bool cached;
static double cached_value;
if (cached) {
cached = false;
return cached_value;
}
double u1 = drand();
double u2 = drand();
double z = sqrt(-2*log(u1));
cached_value = z*sin(PI2*u2);
cached = true;
return z*cos(PI2*u2);
}
// get the path of the calling process's executable
//
int get_real_executable_path(char* path, size_t max_len) {
#if defined(__APPLE__)
uint32_t size = (uint32_t)max_len;
if (_NSGetExecutablePath(path, &size)) {
return ERR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW;
}
return BOINC_SUCCESS;
#elif (defined(__DragonFly__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__)) && defined(KERN_PROC_PATHNAME)
#if defined(__DragonFly__) || defined(__FreeBSD__)
int name[4] = { CTL_KERN, KERN_PROC, KERN_PROC_PATHNAME, -1 };
#else
int name[4] = { CTL_KERN, KERN_PROC_ARGS, -1, KERN_PROC_PATHNAME };
#endif
if (sysctl(name, 4, path, &max_len, NULL, 0)) {
return errno == ENOMEM ? ERR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW : ERR_PROC_PARSE;
}
return BOINC_SUCCESS;
#elif defined(_WIN32)
DWORD length = GetModuleFileNameA(NULL, path, (DWORD)max_len);
if (!length) {
return ERR_PROC_PARSE;
} else if (length == (DWORD)max_len) {
return ERR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW;
}
return BOINC_SUCCESS;
#else
const char* links[] = { "/proc/self/exe", "/proc/curproc/exe", "/proc/self/path/a.out", "/proc/curproc/file" };
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < sizeof(links) / sizeof(links[0]); ++i) {
ssize_t ret = readlink(links[i], path, max_len - 1);
if (ret < 0) {
if (errno != ENOENT) {
boinc::perror("readlink");
}
continue;
} else if ((size_t)ret == max_len - 1) {
return ERR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW;
}
path[ret] = '\0'; // readlink does not null terminate
return BOINC_SUCCESS;
}
return ERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
#endif
}
#ifdef _WIN32
int boinc_thread_cpu_time(HANDLE thread_handle, double& cpu) {
FILETIME creationTime, exitTime, kernelTime, userTime;
if (GetThreadTimes(
thread_handle, &creationTime, &exitTime, &kernelTime, &userTime)
) {
ULARGE_INTEGER tKernel, tUser;
LONGLONG totTime;
tKernel.LowPart = kernelTime.dwLowDateTime;
tKernel.HighPart = kernelTime.dwHighDateTime;
tUser.LowPart = userTime.dwLowDateTime;
tUser.HighPart = userTime.dwHighDateTime;
totTime = tKernel.QuadPart + tUser.QuadPart;
// Runtimes in 100-nanosecond units
cpu = totTime / 1.e7;
}
else {
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
static void get_elapsed_time(double& cpu) {
static double start_time;
double now = dtime();
if (start_time) {
cpu = now - start_time;
}
else {
cpu = 0;
}
start_time = now;
}
int boinc_calling_thread_cpu_time(double& cpu) {
if (boinc_thread_cpu_time(GetCurrentThread(), cpu)) {
get_elapsed_time(cpu);
}
return 0;
}
int boinc_process_cpu_time(HANDLE process_handle, double& cpu) {
FILETIME creationTime, exitTime, kernelTime, userTime;
if (GetProcessTimes(
process_handle, &creationTime, &exitTime, &kernelTime, &userTime)
) {
ULARGE_INTEGER tKernel, tUser;
LONGLONG totTime;
tKernel.LowPart = kernelTime.dwLowDateTime;
tKernel.HighPart = kernelTime.dwHighDateTime;
tUser.LowPart = userTime.dwLowDateTime;
tUser.HighPart = userTime.dwHighDateTime;
totTime = tKernel.QuadPart + tUser.QuadPart;
// Runtimes in 100-nanosecond units
cpu = totTime / 1.e7;
}
else {
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
bool process_exists(HANDLE h) {
unsigned long status = 1;
if (GetExitCodeProcess(h, &status)) {
if (status == STILL_ACTIVE) return true;
}
return false;
}
#else // _WIN32
// Unix: pthreads doesn't provide an API for getting per-thread CPU time,
// so just get the process's CPU time
//
int boinc_calling_thread_cpu_time(double &cpu_t) {
struct rusage ru;
int retval = getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &ru);
if (retval) return ERR_GETRUSAGE;
cpu_t = (double)ru.ru_utime.tv_sec + ((double)ru.ru_utime.tv_usec) / 1e6;
cpu_t += (double)ru.ru_stime.tv_sec + ((double)ru.ru_stime.tv_usec) / 1e6;
return 0;
}
#ifndef _USING_FCGI_
// (linux) return current CPU time of the given process
//
double linux_cpu_time(int pid) {
FILE* file;
char file_name[24];
unsigned long utime = 0, stime = 0;
int n;
snprintf(file_name, sizeof(file_name), "/proc/%d/stat", pid);
if ((file = fopen(file_name, "r")) != NULL) {
n = fscanf(file, "%*s%*s%*s%*s%*s%*s%*s%*s%*s%*s%*s%*s%*s%lu%lu", &utime, &stime);
fclose(file);
if (n != 2) return 0;
}
return (double)(utime + stime) / 100;
}
#endif
bool process_exists(int pid) {
int retval = kill(pid, 0);
if (retval == -1 && errno == ESRCH) return false;
return true;
}
#endif // _WIN32
#ifndef _USING_FCGI_
string parse_ldd_libc(const char* input) {
char *q = (char*)strchr(input, '\n');
if (q) *q = 0;
const char *p = strrchr(input, ' ');
if (!p) return "";
int maj, min;
if (sscanf(p, "%d.%d", &maj, &min) != 2) return "";
string s = (string)p;
strip_whitespace(s);
return s;
}
// Set up to issue Docker commands.
// On Win this requires connecting to a shell in the WSL distro
//
#ifdef _WIN32
int DOCKER_CONN::init(
DOCKER_TYPE docker_type, string distro_name, bool _verbose
) {
string err_msg;
type = docker_type;
cli_prog = docker_cli_prog(docker_type);
if (docker_type == DOCKER) {
int retval = ctl_wc.setup(err_msg);
if (retval) return retval;
retval = ctl_wc.run_program_in_wsl(distro_name, "", true);
if (retval) return retval;
} else if (docker_type == PODMAN) {
int retval = ctl_wc.setup_podman(distro_name.c_str());
if (retval) return retval;
} else {
fprintf(stderr,
"DOCKER_CONN::init(): bad docker type %d\n", docker_type
);
return -1;
}
verbose = _verbose;
return 0;
}
#else
int DOCKER_CONN::init(DOCKER_TYPE docker_type, bool _verbose) {
type = docker_type;
cli_prog = docker_cli_prog(docker_type);
verbose = _verbose;
return 0;
}
#endif
// issue a Docker command and return its output
// as a vector of lines (\n-terminated)
//
int DOCKER_CONN::command(const char* cmd, vector<string> &out) {
char buf[1024];
int retval;
if (verbose) {
fprintf(stderr, "running docker command: %s\n", cmd);
fprintf(stderr, "program: %s\n", cli_prog);
}
#ifdef _WIN32
string output;
// In the Win case we read the output from a pipe.
// Append 'EOM' to the output so we know when we've reached the end
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s %s; echo EOM\n", cli_prog, cmd);
write_to_pipe(ctl_wc.in_write, buf);
retval = read_from_pipe(
ctl_wc.out_read, ctl_wc.proc_handle, output, CMD_TIMEOUT, "EOM"
);
if (retval) {
fprintf(stderr, "read_from_pipe() error: %s\n", boincerror(retval));
return retval;
}
out = split(output, '\n');
#else
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
"%s %s",
cli_prog, cmd
);
retval = run_command(buf, out);
if (retval) {
if (verbose) {
fprintf(stderr, "command failed: %s\n", boincerror(retval));
}
return retval;
}
#endif // _WIN32
if (verbose) {
fprintf(stderr, "command output:\n");
for (string line: out) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s", line.c_str());
}
}
return 0;
}
// parse the output of 'docker images'
// from the following, return 'boinc__app_test__test_wu'
//
// REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
// localhost/boinc__app_test__test_wu latest cbc1498dfc49 43 hours ago 121 MB
//
int DOCKER_CONN::parse_image_name(string line, string &name) {
char buf[1024];
strcpy(buf, line.c_str());
if (strstr(buf, "REPOSITORY")) return -1;
if (strstr(buf, "localhost/") != buf) return -1;
char *p = buf + strlen("localhost/");
char *q = strstr(p, " ");
if (!q) return -1;
*q = 0;
name = (string)p;
return 0;
}
// parse the output of 'docker ps -all'.
// from the following, return boinc__app_test__test_result
//
// CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
// 6d4877e0d071 localhost/boinc__app_test__test_wu:latest /bin/sh -c ./work... 43 hours ago Exited (0) 21 hours ago boinc__app_test__test_result
//
int DOCKER_CONN::parse_container_name(string line, string &name) {
char buf[1024];
strcpy(buf, line.c_str());
if (strstr(buf, "CONTAINER")) return -1;
char *p = strrchr(buf, ' ');
if (!p) return -1;
name = (string)(p+1);
strip_whitespace(name);
return 0;
}
// we name Docker images so that they're
// - distinguishable from non-BOINC images (hence boinc__)
// - unique per WU (hence projurl__wuname)
// - lowercase (required by Docker)
//
string docker_image_name(const char* proj_url_esc, const char* wu_name) {
char buf[2048], url_buf[512], wu_buf[512];
safe_strcpy(url_buf, proj_url_esc);
downcase_string(url_buf);
safe_strcpy(wu_buf, wu_name);
downcase_string(wu_buf);
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "boinc__%s__%s", url_buf, wu_buf);
return string(buf);
}
// similar for Docker container names,
// but they're unique per result rather than per WU
//
string docker_container_name(
const char* proj_url_esc, const char* result_name
){
char buf[2048], url_buf[512], result_buf[512];
safe_strcpy(url_buf, proj_url_esc);
downcase_string(url_buf);
safe_strcpy(result_buf, result_name);
downcase_string(result_buf);
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "boinc__%s__%s", url_buf, result_buf);
return string(buf);
}
bool docker_is_boinc_name(const char* name) {
return strstr(name, "boinc__") == name;
}
#endif // _USING_FCGI
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