//=======================================================================
// Copyright 2001 Jeremy G. Siek, Andrew Lumsdaine, Lie-Quan Lee, 
//
// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
// accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
//=======================================================================
#include <boost/config.hpp>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <boost/operators.hpp>
#include <boost/graph/breadth_first_search.hpp>
#include <boost/graph/visitors.hpp>
#include <boost/property_map.hpp>

using namespace boost;

typedef
std::pair < int, int >
  Position;
Position
  knight_jumps[8] = {
    Position(2, -1),
    Position(1, -2),
  Position(-1, -2),
    Position(-2, -1),
    Position(-2, 1),
  Position(-1, 2),
    Position(1, 2),
  Position(2, 1)
};


Position
operator + (const Position & p1, const Position & p2)
{
  return Position(p1.first + p2.first, p1.second + p2.second);
}

struct knights_tour_graph;
struct knight_adjacency_iterator:
  public
  boost::forward_iterator_helper <
  knight_adjacency_iterator,
  Position,
  std::ptrdiff_t,
  Position *,
  Position >
{
  knight_adjacency_iterator()
  {
  }
  knight_adjacency_iterator(int ii, Position p, const knights_tour_graph & g)
    :
  m_pos(p),
  m_g(&g),
  m_i(ii)
  {
    valid_position();
  }
  Position operator *() const
  {
    return
      m_pos +
      knight_jumps[m_i];
  }
  void
  operator++ ()
  {
    ++m_i;
    valid_position();
  }
  bool
    operator == (const knight_adjacency_iterator & x) const {
      return
      m_i ==
      x.
      m_i;
  }
protected:
  void
  valid_position();
  Position
    m_pos;
  const knights_tour_graph *
    m_g;
  int
    m_i;
};

struct knights_tour_graph
{
  typedef Position
    vertex_descriptor;
  typedef
    std::pair <
    vertex_descriptor,
    vertex_descriptor >
    edge_descriptor;
  typedef knight_adjacency_iterator
    adjacency_iterator;
  typedef void
    out_edge_iterator;
  typedef void
    in_edge_iterator;
  typedef void
    edge_iterator;
  typedef void
    vertex_iterator;
  typedef int
    degree_size_type;
  typedef int
    vertices_size_type;
  typedef int
    edges_size_type;
  typedef directed_tag
    directed_category;
  typedef disallow_parallel_edge_tag
    edge_parallel_category;
  typedef adjacency_graph_tag
    traversal_category;
  knights_tour_graph(int n):
  m_board_size(n)
  {
  }
  int
    m_board_size;
};
int
num_vertices(const knights_tour_graph & g)
{
  return g.m_board_size * g.m_board_size;
}

void
knight_adjacency_iterator::valid_position()
{
  Position new_pos = m_pos + knight_jumps[m_i];
  while (m_i < 8 && (new_pos.first < 0 || new_pos.second < 0
                     || new_pos.first >= m_g->m_board_size
                     || new_pos.second >= m_g->m_board_size)) {
    ++m_i;
    new_pos = m_pos + knight_jumps[m_i];
  }
}


std::pair < knights_tour_graph::adjacency_iterator,
  knights_tour_graph::adjacency_iterator >
adjacent_vertices(knights_tour_graph::vertex_descriptor v,
                  const knights_tour_graph & g)
{
  typedef knights_tour_graph::adjacency_iterator Iter;
  return std::make_pair(Iter(0, v, g), Iter(8, v, g));
}


struct compare_first
{
  template < typename P > bool operator() (const P & x, const P & y)
  {
    return x.first < y.first;
  }
};

template < typename Graph, typename TimePropertyMap >
  bool backtracking_search(Graph & g,
                           typename graph_traits <
                           Graph >::vertex_descriptor src,
                           TimePropertyMap time_map)
{
  typedef typename graph_traits < Graph >::vertex_descriptor Vertex;
  typedef std::pair < int, Vertex > P;
  std::stack < P > S;
  int time_stamp = 0;

  S.push(std::make_pair(time_stamp, src));
  while (!S.empty()) {
    Vertex x;
    tie(time_stamp, x) = S.top();
    put(time_map, x, time_stamp);
    // all vertices have been visited, success!
    if (time_stamp == num_vertices(g) - 1)
      return true;

    bool deadend = true;
    typename graph_traits < Graph >::adjacency_iterator i, end;
    for (tie(i, end) = adjacent_vertices(x, g); i != end; ++i)
      if (get(time_map, *i) == -1) {
        S.push(std::make_pair(time_stamp + 1, *i));
        deadend = false;
      }

    if (deadend) {
      put(time_map, x, -1);
      S.pop();
      tie(time_stamp, x) = S.top();
      while (get(time_map, x) != -1) {  // unwind stack to last unexplored vertex
        put(time_map, x, -1);
        S.pop();
        tie(time_stamp, x) = S.top();
      }
    }

  }                             // while (!S.empty())
  return false;
}

template < typename Vertex, typename Graph, typename TimePropertyMap > int
number_of_successors(Vertex x, Graph & g, TimePropertyMap time_map)
{
  int s_x = 0;
  typename graph_traits < Graph >::adjacency_iterator i, end;
  for (tie(i, end) = adjacent_vertices(x, g); i != end; ++i)
    if (get(time_map, *i) == -1)
      ++s_x;
  return s_x;
}

template < typename Graph, typename TimePropertyMap >
  bool warnsdorff(Graph & g,
                  typename graph_traits < Graph >::vertex_descriptor src,
                  TimePropertyMap time_map)
{
  typedef typename graph_traits < Graph >::vertex_descriptor Vertex;
  typedef std::pair < int, Vertex > P;
  std::stack < P > S;
  int time_stamp = 0;

  S.push(std::make_pair(time_stamp, src));
  while (!S.empty()) {
    Vertex x;
    tie(time_stamp, x) = S.top();
    put(time_map, x, time_stamp);
    // all vertices have been visited, success!
    if (time_stamp == num_vertices(g) - 1)
      return true;

    // Put adjacent vertices into a local priority queue
    std::priority_queue < P, std::vector < P >, compare_first > Q;
    typename graph_traits < Graph >::adjacency_iterator i, end;
    int num_succ;
    for (tie(i, end) = adjacent_vertices(x, g); i != end; ++i)
      if (get(time_map, *i) == -1) {
        num_succ = number_of_successors(*i, g, time_map);
        Q.push(std::make_pair(num_succ, *i));
      }
    bool deadend = Q.empty();
    // move vertices from local priority queue to the stack
    for (; !Q.empty(); Q.pop()) {
      tie(num_succ, x) = Q.top();
      S.push(std::make_pair(time_stamp + 1, x));
    }
    if (deadend) {
      put(time_map, x, -1);
      S.pop();
      tie(time_stamp, x) = S.top();
      while (get(time_map, x) != -1) {  // unwind stack to last unexplored vertex
        put(time_map, x, -1);
        S.pop();
        tie(time_stamp, x) = S.top();
      }
    }

  }                             // while (!S.empty())
  return false;
}


struct board_map
{
  typedef int value_type;
  typedef Position key_type;
  typedef read_write_property_map_tag category;
    board_map(int *b, int n):m_board(b), m_size(n)
  {
  }
  friend int get(const board_map & ba, Position p);
  friend void put(const board_map & ba, Position p, int v);
  friend std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream & os, const board_map & ba);
private:
  int *m_board;
  int m_size;
};

int
get(const board_map & ba, Position p)
{
  return ba.m_board[p.first * ba.m_size + p.second];
}

void
put(const board_map & ba, Position p, int v)
{
  ba.m_board[p.first * ba.m_size + p.second] = v;
}

std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream & os, const board_map & ba) {
  for (int i = 0; i < ba.m_size; ++i) {
    for (int j = 0; j < ba.m_size; ++j)
      os << get(ba, Position(i, j)) << "\t";
    os << std::endl;
  }
  return os;
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  int
    N;
  if (argc == 2)
    N = atoi(argv[1]);
  else
    N = 8;

  knights_tour_graph
  g(N);
  int *
    board =
    new int[num_vertices(g)];
  board_map
  chessboard(board, N);
  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
    for (int j = 0; j < N; ++j)
      put(chessboard, Position(i, j), -1);

  bool
    ret =
    warnsdorff(g, Position(0, 0), chessboard);

  if (ret)
    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
      for (int j = 0; j < N; ++j)
        std::cout << get(chessboard, Position(i, j)) << "\t";
      std::cout << std::endl;
  } else
    std::cout << "method failed" << std::endl;
  return 0;
}