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<div class="document" id="bluetooth-connections">
<h1 class="title">Bluetooth Connections</h1>
<div class="contents topic" id="contents">
<p class="topic-title">Contents</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#pairing-a-bluetooth-device" id="toc-entry-1">Pairing a Bluetooth Device</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#on-linux" id="toc-entry-2">On Linux</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#for-bluetooth-version-5" id="toc-entry-3">For Bluetooth Version 5</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#for-bluetooth-version-4" id="toc-entry-4">For Bluetooth Version 4</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-a-bluetooth-device-with-brltty" id="toc-entry-5">Using a Bluetooth Device with BRLTTY</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#identifying-the-device" id="toc-entry-6">Identifying the Device</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="pairing-a-bluetooth-device">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#toc-entry-1">Pairing a Bluetooth Device</a></h2>
<p>You need to "pair" your device with the host on which you wish to use it. You
can pair a device with more than one host, but you can usually only use it with
one host at a time.</p>
<div class="section" id="on-linux">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#toc-entry-2">On Linux</a></h3>
<p>Pairing a Bluetooth device on Linux is relatively easy if you're comfortable
working within the graphical (X) environment. All you need to do is to run
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bluetooth-applet</span></tt> and follow the steps it presents to you. It's a little
trickier to pair a Bluetooth device via the command line, but it can be done.
How to do it depends on the version of the Bluetooth software stack that you're
using.</p>
<div class="section" id="for-bluetooth-version-5">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#toc-entry-3">For Bluetooth Version 5</a></h4>
<p>As of Bluetooth version 5, all required actions for pairing a device via the
command-line can be performed with a single tool called <tt class="docutils literal">bluetoothctl</tt>.</p>
<p>First, in case you have several Bluetooth controllers in use (uncommon, but
possible), you need to make sure that the correct one is currently selected.
Use the <tt class="docutils literal">list</tt> command to show all available controllers, and the
<tt class="docutils literal">select <span class="pre"><host-address></span></tt> command to select one:</p>
<pre class="code console literal-block">
<span class="generic prompt"># </span>bluetoothctl<span class="whitespace">
</span><span class="generic prompt">[bluetooth]# </span>list<span class="whitespace">
</span><span class="generic output">Controller 01:23:45:67:89:AB fzidpc73
</span><span class="generic prompt">[bluetooth]# </span><span class="keyword">select</span><span class="whitespace"> </span><span class="literal number">01</span>:23:45:67:89:AB
</pre>
<p>It can happen that the selected controller is not powered on at the moment.
Make sure it is, and, if it isn't, use the <tt class="docutils literal">power on</tt> command to enable the
controller:</p>
<pre class="code console literal-block">
<span class="generic prompt">[bluetooth]# </span>show<span class="whitespace">
</span><span class="generic output">Controller 01:23:45:67:89:AB
Name: fzidpc73
Alias: fzidpc73-0
Class: 0x000000
Powered: no
Discoverable: no
Pairable: yes
UUID: PnP Information (00001200-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
UUID: Generic Access Profile (00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
UUID: Generic Attribute Profile (00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
UUID: A/V Remote Control (0000110e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
UUID: A/V Remote Control Target (0000110c-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
Modalias: usb:v1D6Bp0246d0517
Discovering: no
</span><span class="generic prompt">[bluetooth]# </span>power<span class="whitespace"> </span>on<span class="whitespace">
</span><span class="generic output">[CHG] Controller 01:23:45:67:89:AB Class: 0x000104
Changing power on succeeded
[CHG] Controller 01:23:45:67:89:AB Powered: yes</span>
</pre>
<p>To obtain the Bluetooth device address of the device you want to pair with,
enable scan mode:</p>
<pre class="code console literal-block">
<span class="generic prompt">[bluetooth]# </span>scan<span class="whitespace"> </span>on<span class="whitespace">
</span><span class="generic output">Discovery started
[CHG] Controller 01:23:45:67:89:AB Discovering: yes
[NEW] Device 12:34:56:78:9A:BC braillex live 0139
</span><span class="generic prompt">[bluetooth]# </span>scan<span class="whitespace"> </span>off<span class="whitespace">
</span><span class="generic output">Discovery stopped
[CHG] Controller 01:23:45:67:89:AB Discovering: no</span>
</pre>
<p>To be able to receive PIN code requests directly on the console, you need to
enable the <em>agent</em>:</p>
<pre class="code console literal-block">
<span class="generic prompt">[bluetooth]# </span>agent<span class="whitespace"> </span>on<span class="whitespace">
</span><span class="generic output">Agent registered</span>
</pre>
<p>Now you are finally ready to initiate the pairing:</p>
<pre class="code console literal-block">
<span class="generic prompt">[bluetooth]# </span>pair<span class="whitespace"> </span><span class="literal number">12</span>:34:56:78:9A:BC<span class="whitespace">
</span><span class="generic output">Attempting to pair with 12:34:56:78:9A:BC
[CHG] Device 12:34:56:78:9A:BC Connected: yes
Request PIN code
[agent] Enter PIN code: 1234
[CHG] Device 12:34:56:78:9A:BC UUIDs:
00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
[CHG] Device 12:34:56:78:9A:BC Paired: yes
Pairing successful
[CHG] Device 12:34:56:78:9A:BC Connected: no</span>
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="for-bluetooth-version-4">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#toc-entry-4">For Bluetooth Version 4</a></h4>
<p>You need to find out your host's Bluetooth Device Address (referred to later in
this document as <em>host-address</em>). To do this, run the command:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
hciconfig hci0
</pre>
<p>Look for the (indented) line which begins with <tt class="docutils literal">BD Address:</tt>. The very next
"word" on that line is your host's Bluetooth Device Address. It'll be six
two-digit hexadecimal numbers separated by colons (<tt class="docutils literal">:</tt>). Examples in this
document use the value <tt class="docutils literal">01:23:45:67:89:AB</tt>.</p>
<p>You need to find out your device's Bluetooth Device Address (referred to later
in this document as <em>device-address</em>). To do this, run the command:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
hcitool scan
</pre>
<p>This command can take a while to complete as it gives devices a fair bit of
time to respond. Each device which responds creates one two-column output line.
The first column is its Bluetooth Device Address (examples in this document use
the value <tt class="docutils literal">12:34:56:78:9A:BC</tt>), and the second column is its
current name. Manufacturers usually set a device's initial name to its product
name and model number so that it's easy to spot within the scan output. If your
device allows you to change its name, it's okay to do so even after you've
paired it.</p>
<p>A device needs to be "visible" in order for the scan to find it. Most devices
are "invisible" by default, but have a way to be made temporarily visible. You
should check your device's manual to find out how to do this. In many cases,
there's either a button which needs to be pressed or a menu item which needs to
be selected. Since both the device's temporary visibility and the host's scan
time out, make your device visible just before you initiate the scan.</p>
<p>You need to know what PIN (password) your device is expecting. Your device's
documentation should contain this information. Many devices allow you to set
the PIN, in which case they'll have a menu which allows you to do this.
Examples in this document use the value <tt class="docutils literal">1234</tt>.</p>
<p>Go into the directory <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/var/lib/bluetooth/<host-address></span></tt>. In there (create
if necessary) is the file <tt class="docutils literal">pincodes</tt>. Each line in this file associates a
device with its PIN. It has two fields separated by space. The first field is
the device's Bluetooth Device Address and the second field is its PIN. The
Bluetooth Device Address must be in uppercase. For example:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
cat /var/lib/bluetooth/01:23:45:67:89:AB/pincodes
12:34:56:78:9A:BC 1234
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-a-bluetooth-device-with-brltty">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#toc-entry-5">Using a Bluetooth Device with BRLTTY</a></h2>
<p>After your device has been paired with your host, it's ready to be used by
BRLTTY.</p>
<div class="section" id="identifying-the-device">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#toc-entry-6">Identifying the Device</a></h3>
<p>You can tell BRLTTY to use your Bluetooth device either via the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-d</span></tt>
(or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--braille-device=</span></tt>) command line option, or via the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">braille-device</span></tt>
line in the file <tt class="docutils literal">/etc/brltty.conf</tt>. The device should be specified as the
word <tt class="docutils literal">bluetooth</tt>, a colon (<tt class="docutils literal">:</tt>), and the device's Bluetooth Device Address.
For example:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
brltty -d bluetooth:12:34:56:78:9A:BC
</pre>
<p>or:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
cat /etc/brltty.conf
braille-device bluetooth:12:34:56:78:9A:BC
</pre>
<p>On some platforms,
BRLTTY supports the detection of a Bluetooth device based on its name.
These platforms include:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Android</li>
<li>Linux (if the Bluetooth version is at least 5)</li>
<li>Windows</li>
</ul>
<p>The address of the device needn't be specified on these platforms -
specifying just <tt class="docutils literal">bluetooth:</tt> is sufficient.
BRLTTY will find the braille device based on its name.
It'll only consider devices that have already been paired with the host.</p>
<p>If two (or more) braille devices are paired with your host,
and if both of them are near by, turned on, and configured for Bluetooth access,
then, of course, BRLTTY might choose the wrong one.
As long as both of them don't have the same Bluetooth name,
you can still specify the intended device without knowing its address.
You can limit the devices that BRLTTY will consider
by specifying the beginning of its Bluetooth name:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
bluetooth:name=prefix
</pre>
<p>If you need to specify a space within the prefix, then:</p>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">On the command line, use quotes:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
-d "bluetooth:name=braille device"
</pre>
</li>
<li><p class="first">In <tt class="docutils literal">/etc/brltty.conf</tt>, use \s:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
braille-device bluetooth:name=braille\sdevice
</pre>
</li>
</ul>
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