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The btrfs filesystem supports setting file attributes or flags. Note there are
old and new interfaces, with confusing names. The following list should clarify
that:
* *attributes*: :manref:`chattr(1)` or :manref:`lsattr(1)` utilities (the ioctls are
FS_IOC_GETFLAGS and FS_IOC_SETFLAGS), due to the ioctl names the attributes
are also called flags
* *xflags*: to distinguish from the previous, it's extended flags, with tunable
bits similar to the attributes but extensible and new bits will be added in
the future (the ioctls are FS_IOC_FSGETXATTR and FS_IOC_FSSETXATTR but they
are not related to extended attributes that are also called xattrs), there's
no standard tool to change the bits, there's support in :manref:`xfs_io(8)` as
command **xfs_io -c chattr**
Attributes have constraints associated and not all combinations can be set, the
order of setting them also matters. Most attributes apply to files and
directories but the semantics may differ. For directories the attribute may
only mean to set this attribute to all new files (*inheritable* in the list
below). Some attributes need root privileges to be set.
Attributes
^^^^^^^^^^
a
(file, dir, root)
*append only*, new writes are always written at the end of the file
A
(file, dir)
*no atime updates*
c
(file, dir, inherited)
*compress data*, all data written after this attribute is set will be compressed.
Please note that compression is also affected by the mount options or the parent
directory attributes.
When set on a directory, all newly created files will inherit this attribute.
This attribute cannot be set with 'm' at the same time.
C
(file, dir, inherited)
*no copy-on-write*, file data modifications are done in-place
When set on a directory, all newly created files will inherit this attribute.
.. note::
Due to implementation limitations, this flag can be set/unset only on
empty files.
d
(file)
*no dump*, makes sense with 3rd party tools like :manref:`dump(8)`, on BTRFS the
attribute can be set/unset but no other special handling is done
D
(dir)
*synchronous directory updates*, for more details search :manref:`open(2)` for *O_SYNC*
and *O_DSYNC*
i
(file, dir, root)
*immutable*, no file data and metadata changes allowed even to the root user as
long as this attribute is set (obviously the exception is unsetting the attribute)
m
(file, dir)
*no compression*, permanently turn off compression on the given file. Any
compression mount options will not affect this file. (:manref:`chattr(1)` support added in
1.46.2)
When set on a directory, all newly created files will inherit this attribute.
This attribute cannot be set with *c* at the same time.
S
(file)
*synchronous updates*, for more details search :manref:`open(2)` for *O_SYNC* and
*O_DSYNC*
V
(file, read-only)
*fs-verity enabled* on the file
No other attributes are supported. For the complete list please refer to the
:manref:`chattr(1)` manual page.
XFLAGS
^^^^^^
There's an overlap of letters assigned to the bits with the attributes, this list
refers to what :manref:`xfs_io(8)` provides:
i
*immutable*, same as the attribute
a
*append only*, same as the attribute
s
*synchronous updates*, same as the attribute *S*
A
*no atime updates*, same as the attribute
d
*no dump*, same as the attribute
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