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class defaultdict(dict):
__slots__ = ('default_factory',)
def __init__(self, default_factory):
if not callable(default_factory):
raise TypeError('first argument must be callable')
self.default_factory = default_factory
def __getitem__(self, key):
if key in self:
return self.get(key)
return self.setdefault(key, self.default_factory())
def partial(func, *args, **keywords):
def newfunc(*fargs, **fkeywords):
newkeywords = keywords.copy()
newkeywords.update(fkeywords)
return func(*(args + fargs), **newkeywords)
newfunc.func = func
newfunc.args = args
newfunc.keywords = keywords
return newfunc
def any(iterable):
for element in iterable:
if element:
return True
return False
def all(iterable):
for element in iterable:
if not element:
return False
return True
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