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Amounts of time are specified through objects of the class
hi(duration)tt(std::chrono::duration).
Before using the class tt(duration) the tthi(chrono) header file must be
included.
Like tt(ratio) the class tt(duration) requires two template
arguments. A numeric type (tt(int64_t) is normally used) defining the type
holding the duration's amount of time, and a time-resolution (called its
em(resolution)), usually specified through a tt(std::ratio)-type (often using
one of its tt(chrono) abbreviations).
Using the predefined tt(std::deca ratio), representing units of 10 seconds an
interval of 30 minutes is defined as follows:
verb( duration<int64_t, std::deca> halfHr(180);)
Here tt(halfHr) represents a time interval of 180 deca-seconds, so 1800
seconds. Comparable to the predefined ratios predefined duration types are
available:
center(
tbl(lll)(\
tline()()\
tr(tc(i(nanoseconds))tc(nbsp())tc(tt(duration<int64_t, nano>)))\
tr(tc(i(microseconds))tc(nbsp())tc(tt(duration<int64_t, micro>)))\
tr(tc(i(milliseconds))tc(nbsp())tc(tt(duration<int64_t, milli>)))\
tr(tc(i(seconds))tc(nbsp())tc(tt(duration<int64_t>)))\
tr(tc(i(minutes))tc(nbsp())tc(tt(duration<int64_t, ratio<60>>)))\
tr(tc(i(hours))tc(nbsp())tc(tt(duration<int64_t, ratio<3600>>)))\
tline()()\
))
Using these types, a time amount of 30 minutes can now simply be defined
as tt(minutes halfHour(30)).
The two types that were specified when defining a tt(duration<Type,
Resolution>) can be retrieved as,
respectively,
itemization(
itt(rep), which is equivalent to the numeric type (like
tt(int64_t)). E.g., tt(seconds::rep) is equivalent to tt(int64_t);
itt(period), which is equivalent to the tt(ratio) type (like tt(kilo)) and
so tt(duration<int, kilo>::period::num) is equal to 1.
)
COMMENT(all constexpr, the constructor: explicit)
Duration objects can be constructed by specifying an argument of its numeric
type:
itemization(
itt(duration(Type const &value)):nl()
a specific duration of tt(value) time units. tt(Type) refers to
the duration's numeric type (e.g., tt(int64_t)). So, when defining
verb( minutes halfHour(30);)
the argument 30 is stored inside its tt(int64_t) data member.
)
Duration supports copy- and move-constructors (cf. chapter ref(MEMORY))
and its default constructor initializes its tt(int64_t) data member to zero.
The amount of time stored in a duration object may be modified by adding or
subtracting two duration objects or by multiplying, dividing, or computing a
modulo value of its data member. Numeric multiplication operands may be used as
left-hand side or right-hand side operands; in combination with the other
multiplication operators the numeric operands must be used as right-hand side
operands. Compound assignment operators are also available. Some examples:
verb( minutes fullHour = minutes{ 30 } + halfHour;
fullHour = 2 * halfHour;
halfHour = fullHour / 2;
fullHour = halfHour + halfHour;
halfHour /= 2;
halfHour *= 2;)
In addition, tt(duration) offers the following members (the first member is an
ordinary member function requiring a tt(duration) object). The other three are
static members (cf. chapter ref(StaticDataFun)) which can be used without
requiring objects (as shown at the tt(zero) code snippet):
itemization(
itt(Type count() const) returns the value that is stored inside
the tt(duration) object's data member. For tt(halfHour) it returns 30,
not 1800;
itt(duration<Type, Resolution>::zero()):nl()
this is an (immutable) duration object whose tt(count) member returns
0. E.g.:
verb( seconds::zero().count(); // equals int64_t 0)
itt(duration<Type, Resolution>::min()):nl()
an immutable duration object whose tt(count) member returns the lowest
value of its tt(Type) (i.e., tt(std::numeric_limits<Type>::min())
(cf. section ref(NUMLIM)));
itt( duration<Type, Resolution>::max()):nl()
an immutable duration object whose tt(count) member returns the lowest
value of its tt(Type) (i.e., tt(std::numeric_limits<Type>::max())).
)
Duration objects using different resolutions may be combined as long as
no precision is lost. When duration objects using different resolutions
are combined the resulting resolution is the finer of the two. When compound
binary operators are used the receiving object's resolution must be the finer
or the compilation fails.
verb( minutes halfHour{ 30 };
hours oneHour{ 1 };
cout << (oneHour + halfHour).count(); // displays: 90
halfHour += oneHour; // OK
// oneHour += halfHours; // won't compile)
The suffixes tt(h, min, s, ms, us, ns) can be used for integral
values, creating the corresponding tt(duration) time intervals. E.g.,
tt(minutes min = 1h) stores 60 in tt(min).
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