File: BrainModelSurfaceDeformationSphericalVector.cxx

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caret 5.6.4~dfsg.1-3
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/*LICENSE_START*/
/*
 *  Copyright 1995-2002 Washington University School of Medicine
 *
 *  http://brainmap.wustl.edu
 *
 *  This file is part of CARET.
 *
 *  CARET is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *  (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *  CARET is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *  GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *  along with CARET; if not, write to the Free Software
 *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *
 */
/*LICENSE_END*/

#include <cmath> 
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>

#include <QApplication>
#include <QDir>
#include <QMessageBox>

#include "AreaColorFile.h"
#include "BorderFile.h"
#include "BrainModelSurface.h"
#include "BrainModelSurfaceDeformationSphericalVector.h"
#include "BrainModelSurfaceMetricSmoothing.h"
#include "BrainModelSurfaceMorphing.h"
#include "BrainModelSurfaceNodeColoring.h"
#include "BrainModelSurfacePointProjector.h"
#include "BrainSet.h"
#include "ColorFile.h"
#include "DebugControl.h"
#include "DeformationMapFile.h"
#include "FileUtilities.h"
#include "MathUtilities.h"
#include "PaintFile.h"
#include "StringUtilities.h"
#include "TopologyHelper.h"

//static const int morphAngleForceAlgorithm = 1;

/**
 * Constructor.
 */
BrainModelSurfaceDeformationSphericalVector::BrainModelSurfaceDeformationSphericalVector(
                                 BrainSet* brainSetIn,
                                 DeformationMapFile* deformationMapFileIn)
   : BrainModelSurfaceDeformation(brainSetIn, deformationMapFileIn)
{
   targetDeformationBrainSet = NULL;
}

/**
 * Destructor.
 */
BrainModelSurfaceDeformationSphericalVector::~BrainModelSurfaceDeformationSphericalVector()
{
   if (targetDeformationBrainSet != NULL) {
      delete targetDeformationBrainSet;
      targetDeformationBrainSet = NULL;
   }
}

/**
 * Determine distortion ratio of fiducial vs spherical tile areas.
 */
void
BrainModelSurfaceDeformationSphericalVector::determineSphericalDistortion(
                                         const BrainModelSurface* fiducialSurface,
                                         const BrainModelSurface* sphericalSurface,
                                         std::vector<float>& tileDistortion)
{
   //
   // Get topology file and number of tiles
   //
   const TopologyFile* tf = sphericalSurface->getTopologyFile();
   const int numTiles = tf->getNumberOfTiles();
   tileDistortion.resize(numTiles);

   //
   // Get the coordinate files
   //
   const CoordinateFile* fiducialCoords = fiducialSurface->getCoordinateFile();
   const CoordinateFile* sphericalCoords = sphericalSurface->getCoordinateFile();

   //
   // Determine fiducial/spherical area ratio of tiles
   //
   for (int i = 0; i < numTiles; i++) {
      int v1, v2, v3;
      tf->getTile(i, v1, v2, v3);

      const float sphereArea = MathUtilities::triangleArea((float*)sphericalCoords->getCoordinate(v1),
                                                         (float*)sphericalCoords->getCoordinate(v2),
                                                         (float*)sphericalCoords->getCoordinate(v3));
      tileDistortion[i] = 1.0;
      if (sphereArea != 0.0) {
         const float fidArea = MathUtilities::triangleArea((float*)fiducialCoords->getCoordinate(v1),
                                                         (float*)fiducialCoords->getCoordinate(v2),
                                                         (float*)fiducialCoords->getCoordinate(v3));
         tileDistortion[i] = fidArea / sphereArea;
      }
   }
}

/**
 * Determine the fiducial sphere distortion.
 */
void
BrainModelSurfaceDeformationSphericalVector::determineFiducialSphereDistortion()
{
   //
   // Create a point projector for projecting the deformation sphere nodes
   // onto the target surface
   //
   BrainModelSurfacePointProjector bspp(targetSurface,
                           BrainModelSurfacePointProjector::SURFACE_TYPE_HINT_SPHERE,
                           false);

   const int numTargetTiles = static_cast<int>(targetTileDistortion.size());

   //
   // Project each node in the deformation sphere
   //
   const int numNodes = targetDeformationSphere->getNumberOfNodes();
   const CoordinateFile* targetDeformationCoords = targetDeformationSphere->getCoordinateFile();
   for (int i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
      float xyz[3];
      targetDeformationCoords->getCoordinate(i, xyz);

      //
      // Project target node onto source deformed surface
      //
      int nearestNode = -1;
      int tileNodes[3];
      float tileAreas[3];
      const int tile = bspp.projectBarycentric(xyz, nearestNode,
                                             tileNodes, tileAreas, true);

      //
      // Did it project ?
      //
      if ((tile >= 0) && (tile < numTargetTiles)) {
         fiducialSphereDistortion.setValue(i, 0, targetTileDistortion[tile]);
      }
      else {
         fiducialSphereDistortion.setValue(i, 0, 1.0);
      }
   }
}

/**
 * Update the fiducial sphere distortion.
 */
void
BrainModelSurfaceDeformationSphericalVector::updateSphereFiducialDistortion(
                                    const int cycleIndex,
                                    BrainModelSurface* morphedSourceDeformationSphere)
{
   //
   // Create a point projector for projecting the source deformation sphere
   // nodes to the original source surface
   //
   BrainModelSurfacePointProjector bspp(sourceSurface,
                           BrainModelSurfacePointProjector::SURFACE_TYPE_HINT_SPHERE,
                           false);

   //
   // Project deformation sphere nodes onto original source surface
   //
   const int numNodes = morphedSourceDeformationSphere->getNumberOfNodes();
   const CoordinateFile* coords = morphedSourceDeformationSphere->getCoordinateFile();
   const int numSourceTiles = static_cast<int>(sourceTileDistortion.size());
   for (int i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
      float xyz[3];
      coords->getCoordinate(i, xyz);

      //
      // Project target node onto source deformed surface
      //
      int nearestNode = -1;
      int tileNodes[3];
      float tileAreas[3];
      const int tile = bspp.projectBarycentric(xyz, nearestNode,
                                               tileNodes, tileAreas, true);

      //
      // Did it project ?
      //
      if ((tile >= 0) && (tile < numSourceTiles)) {
         fiducialSphereDistortion.setValue(i, 1, sourceTileDistortion[tile]);
      }
      else {
         fiducialSphereDistortion.setValue(i, 1, 1.0);
      }
      fiducialSphereDistortion.setValue(i, 2,
                                        std::sqrt(fiducialSphereDistortion.getValue(i, 1) /
                                             fiducialSphereDistortion.getValue(i, 0)));
   }

   //
   // Save the surface shape file
   //
   std::ostringstream str;
   str << "targetFiducialSphereDistortion"
       << "_cycle_"
       << cycleIndex + 1
       << SpecFile::getSurfaceShapeFileExtension().toAscii().constData();
   fiducialSphereDistortion.writeFile(str.str().c_str());
   //brainSet->addToSpecFile(SpecFile::getSurfaceShapeFileTag(), str.str().c_str());
   intermediateFiles.push_back(str.str().c_str());
}

/**
 * Load the regularly tessellated sphere and set its radius.
 */
BrainModelSurface*
BrainModelSurfaceDeformationSphericalVector::getRegularSphere(BrainSet* bs,
                             float radius) throw (BrainModelAlgorithmException)
{
   //
   // Construct the regular sphere file name
   //
   QString specFileName(bs->getCaretHomeDirectory());
   specFileName.append("/");
   specFileName.append("data_files/REGISTER.SPHERE");
   specFileName.append("/");  
   switch(deformationMapFile->getSphereResolution(0)) {
      case 20:
         specFileName.append("sphere.v5.0.spec");
         break;
      case 74:
         specFileName.append("sphere.v5.1.spec");
         break;
      case 290:
         specFileName.append("sphere.v5.2.spec");
         break;
      case 1154:
         specFileName.append("sphere.v5.3.spec");
         break;
      case 4610:
         specFileName.append("sphere.v5.4.spec");
         break;
      case 18434:
         specFileName.append("sphere.v5.5.spec");
         break;
      case 73730:
         specFileName.append("sphere.v5.6.spec");
         break;
      default:
         {
            std::ostringstream str;
            str << "Invalid sphere resolution: "
                << deformationMapFile->getSphereResolution(0);
            throw BrainModelAlgorithmException(str.str().c_str());
         }
         break;
   }
   
   //
   // Read the spec file
   //
   SpecFile sf;
   try {
      sf.readFile(specFileName);
   }
   catch (FileException& e) {
      throw BrainModelAlgorithmException(e.whatQString());
   }
   sf.setAllFileSelections(SpecFile::SPEC_TRUE);

   //
   // Read the spec file into "this" brain set (use APPEND for source sphere)
   //
   std::vector<QString> errorMessages;
   bs->readSpecFile(BrainSet::SPEC_FILE_READ_MODE_NORMAL,
                          sf, specFileName, errorMessages, NULL, NULL);
   if (errorMessages.empty() == false) {
      QString msg("Error reading data files for ");
      msg.append(specFileName);
      msg.append("\n");
      msg.append(StringUtilities::combine(errorMessages, "\n"));
      throw BrainModelAlgorithmException(msg);
   }
   
   //
   // Get the spherical surface and set its radius
   //
   BrainModelSurface* sphereSurface = 
           bs->getBrainModelSurface(0);
   if (sphereSurface == NULL) {
      throw BrainModelAlgorithmException("Regular sphere spec contained no coord file.");
   }
   sphereSurface->convertToSphereWithRadius(radius);
   sphereSurface->updateForDefaultScaling();
   updateViewingTransformation(bs);

   return sphereSurface;
}

/**
 * Tessellate the target border into the target deformation sphere
 */
void
BrainModelSurfaceDeformationSphericalVector::tessellateTargetBordersIntoDeformationSphere()
                                                        throw (BrainModelAlgorithmException)
{
   //
   // empty contents of the used and ignored border links
   //
   usedBorderLinks.clear();
   
   //
   // Create a Point Projector with nodes to be added for the deformation sphere.
   //
   BrainModelSurfacePointProjector bspp(targetDeformationSphere,
                           BrainModelSurfacePointProjector::SURFACE_TYPE_HINT_SPHERE,
                           true);
   TopologyFile* tf = targetDeformationSphere->getTopologyFile();
   
   //
   // Project each border link into the deformation sphere
   //
   const int numBorders = targetBorderFile->getNumberOfBorders();
   for (int i = 0; i < numBorders; i++) {
      const Border* b = targetBorderFile->getBorder(i);
      
      const int numLinks = b->getNumberOfLinks();
      for (int j = 0; j < numLinks; j++) {
         const float* xyz = b->getLinkXYZ(j);
         
         //
         // Project target node onto source deformed surface
         //
         int nearestNode = -1;
         int tileNodes[3];
         float tileAreas[3];
         const int tile = bspp.projectBarycentric(xyz, nearestNode,
                                                tileNodes, tileAreas, true);
          
         const int newNodeNumber = targetDeformationSphere->getNumberOfNodes();
         
         //
         // Unproject using the deformed source coordinate file
         //
         if (tile >= 0) {
            //
            // Get the tile
            //
            int v1, v2, v3;
            tf->getTile(tile, v1, v2, v3);
            
            //
            // Create two new tiles
            //
            const int tn1[3] = { v1, v2, newNodeNumber };
            const int tn2[3] = { v2, v3, newNodeNumber };
            const int tn3[3] = { v3, v1, newNodeNumber };
            
            //
            // Replace the original tile and create two new ones
            //
            tf->setTile(tile, tn1);
            tf->addTile(tn2);
            tf->addTile(tn3);
            
            //
            // Add the node to the surface
            //
            targetDeformationSphere->addNode(xyz);
            
            //
            // Keep track of border link assignments
            //
            usedBorderLinks.push_back(std::make_pair(i, j));
         }
         else {
            if (nearestNode >= 0) {
               std::cout << "Border link with closest node ignored: " << i << " " << j << std::endl;
            }
            else {
               std::cout << "Border link without closest node ignored: " << i << " " << j << std::endl;
            }
         }
      }
   }
   
   const int numNodes = targetDeformationSphere->getNumberOfNodes();
   if (numNodes == originalNumberOfNodes) {
      throw BrainModelAlgorithmException("Tessellating in border nodes failed.");
   }
   
   //
   // Make sure all nodes are on the sphere
   //
   targetDeformationSphere->convertToSphereWithRadius(deformationSphereRadius);
   
   //
   // Update the surface's normals and update node attributes for changes in nodes.
   //
   targetDeformationSphere->computeNormals();
   targetDeformationBrainSet->resetNodeAttributes();

   QString targetNamePrefix("target_withLandmarks.LVD");

   //
   // Create the spec file name
   //
   QString specFileName = targetNamePrefix + SpecFile::getSpecFileExtension();
   targetDeformationBrainSet->setSpecFileName(specFileName);
   intermediateFiles.push_back(specFileName);
   targetDeformationBrainSet->removeCoordAndTopoFromSpecFile();

   //
   // Setup the paint file that shows the landmark nodes
   //
   PaintFile* pf = targetDeformationBrainSet->getPaintFile();
   pf->setNumberOfNodesAndColumns(numNodes, 1);
   pf->setColumnName(0, "Landmarks");
   const int nonLandmarkPaintIndex = pf->addPaintName("???");
   const int landmarkPaintIndex    = pf->addPaintName("Landmark");
   for (int i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
      if (i < originalNumberOfNodes) {
         pf->setPaint(i, 0, nonLandmarkPaintIndex);
      }
      else {
         pf->setPaint(i, 0, landmarkPaintIndex);
      }
   }
   QString paintFileName(targetNamePrefix + SpecFile::getPaintFileExtension());
   targetDeformationBrainSet->writePaintFile(paintFileName);
   intermediateFiles.push_back(paintFileName);
      
   //
   // Setup the node color file
   //
   AreaColorFile* cf = targetDeformationBrainSet->getAreaColorFile();
   cf->addColor("Landmark", 255,   0,   0, 2, 1);
   cf->addColor("???",      170, 170, 170, 2, 1);
   QString nodeColorFileName(targetNamePrefix + SpecFile::getAreaColorFileExtension());
   targetDeformationBrainSet->writeAreaColorFile(nodeColorFileName);
   intermediateFiles.push_back(nodeColorFileName);
   
   //
   // Write the topology file
   //
   QString topoFileName(targetNamePrefix + SpecFile::getTopoFileExtension());
   targetDeformationBrainSet->writeTopologyFile(topoFileName, TopologyFile::TOPOLOGY_TYPE_CLOSED, tf);
   intermediateFiles.push_back(topoFileName);
   
   //
   // Set node coloring overlay to paint
   //
   BrainModelSurfaceNodeColoring* bsnc = targetDeformationBrainSet->getNodeColoring();
   targetDeformationBrainSet->getPrimarySurfaceOverlay()->setOverlay(-1,
                        BrainModelSurfaceOverlay::OVERLAY_PAINT);
   bsnc->assignColors();
   
   //
   // Update the displayed surface
   //
   targetDeformationSphere->orientTilesConsistently();
   targetDeformationSphere->computeNormals();
   this->updateViewingTransformation(targetDeformationBrainSet);
   targetDeformationSphere->updateForDefaultScaling();
   targetDeformationBrainSet->drawBrainModel(targetDeformationSphere);

   //
   // Write the sphere with target landmarks
   //
   QString coordFileName(targetNamePrefix + SpecFile::getCoordinateFileExtension());
   targetDeformationBrainSet->writeCoordinateFile(coordFileName, BrainModelSurface::SURFACE_TYPE_SPHERICAL,
                                 targetDeformationSphere->getCoordinateFile());
   intermediateFiles.push_back(coordFileName);
}

/**
 * Tessellate the source border into the target deformation sphere
 */
void
BrainModelSurfaceDeformationSphericalVector::tessellateSourceBordersIntoDeformationSphere()
                                                        throw (BrainModelAlgorithmException)
{
   int numNodeCrossovers = 0;
   int numTileCrossovers = 0;
   sourceDeformationSphere->crossoverCheck(numTileCrossovers,
                                           numNodeCrossovers,
                   BrainModelSurface::SURFACE_TYPE_SPHERICAL);
   if (numNodeCrossovers > 0) {
      std::cout << "WARNING: Source deformation sphere contains crossovers "
                   "PRIOR to insertion of landmarks."
                << std::endl;
   }

   //
   // Create the surface shape file containing the border variances
   // Use target BrainSet for number of nodes since it has landmarks
   // inserted so that number of nodes is correct.
   //
   borderVarianceValuesShapeFile.setNumberOfNodesAndColumns(targetBrainSet->getNumberOfNodes(),
                                                            1);
   borderVarianceValuesShapeFile.setColumnName(0, "Border Variances");

   //
   // Create a Point Projector with nodes to be added for the deformation sphere.
   //
   BrainModelSurfacePointProjector bspp(sourceDeformationSphere,
                           BrainModelSurfacePointProjector::SURFACE_TYPE_HINT_SPHERE,
                           true);
   TopologyFile* tf = sourceDeformationSphere->getTopologyFile();

   //
   // Project each border link into the deformation sphere
   //
   const int numBorderLinks = static_cast<int>(usedBorderLinks.size());
   for (int i = 0; i < numBorderLinks; i++) {
      std::pair<int,int> borderLinkNums = usedBorderLinks[i];
      const int borderNumber = borderLinkNums.first;
      const int linkNumber   = borderLinkNums.second;

      const Border* targetBorder = targetBorderFile->getBorder(borderNumber);
      const QString borderName = targetBorder->getName();
      const Border* sourceBorder = sourceBorderFile->getBorderByName(borderName);
      if (sourceBorder == NULL) {
         throw BrainModelAlgorithmException(
                 "Unable to find source border named \"" + borderName + "\"");
      }
      bool projectedFlag = false;

      //
      // Source border coordinate
      //
      float xyz[3];
      sourceBorder->getLinkXYZ(linkNumber, xyz);

      //
      // Projecting may fail in some cases so perturb when there is a failure
      //
      const int iTestMaximum = 10;
      for (int iTest = 0; iTest < iTestMaximum; iTest++) {
          //
          // Project target node onto source deformed surface
          //
          int nearestNode = -1;
          int tileNodes[3];
          float tileAreas[3];

          //
          // perturb if problems projecting
          //
          if (iTest > 0) {
             std::cout << "Moving source border point due to projection failure: "
                       << borderName.toAscii().constData()
                       << " link "
                       << linkNumber
                       << " (" << xyz[0]
                       << "," << xyz[1]
                       << "," << xyz[2]
                       << ")" << std::endl;
             xyz[0] += 0.001;
             xyz[1] += 0.001;
             xyz[2] += 0.001;
          }
          
          const int tile = bspp.projectBarycentric(xyz, nearestNode,
                                                tileNodes, tileAreas, true);

          const int newNodeNumber = sourceDeformationSphere->getNumberOfNodes();

          //
          // Unproject using the deformed source coordinate file
          //
          if (tile >= 0) {
             //
             // Get the tile
             //
             int v1, v2, v3;
             tf->getTile(tile, v1, v2, v3);

             //
             // Create two new tiles and replace the file node is within
             //
             const int tn1[3] = { v1, v2, newNodeNumber };
             const int tn2[3] = { v2, v3, newNodeNumber };
             const int tn3[3] = { v3, v1, newNodeNumber };

             //
             // Replace the original tile and create two new ones
             //
             tf->setTile(tile, tn1);
             tf->addTile(tn2);
             tf->addTile(tn3);

             //
             // Add the node to the surface
             //
             sourceDeformationSphere->addNode(xyz);

             //
             // Update the border variance shape file
             //
             int nodeNum = sourceDeformationSphere->getNumberOfNodes() - 1;
             this->borderVarianceValuesShapeFile.setValue(nodeNum, 0,
                                                   targetBorder->getVariance());
             if (DebugControl::getDebugOn()) {
                std::cout << targetBorder->getName().toAscii().constData()
                          << " variance: "
                          << targetBorder->getVariance()
                          << std::endl;
             }
             projectedFlag = true;

             //
             // Get out of loop
             //
             iTest = iTestMaximum + 1;
          }
      }

      if (projectedFlag == false) {
         throw BrainModelAlgorithmException(
                 "Unable to tessellate border "
                 + borderName
                 + " link "
                 + linkNumber
                 + " into source surface.");
      }
   }

   //
   // Make sure all nodes are on the sphere
   //
   sourceDeformationSphere->convertToSphereWithRadius(deformationSphereRadius);

   //
   // Update the surface's normals and update node attributes for changes in nodes.
   //
   sourceDeformationSphere->orientNormalsOut();
   sourceDeformationSphere->computeNormals();
   brainSet->resetNodeAttributes();

   //
   // Smooth a tiny bit as some landmark nodes may be essentially on an edge
   //
   sourceDeformationSphere->arealSmoothing(0.5, 1, 0);
   sourceDeformationSphere->convertToSphereWithRadius(deformationSphereRadius);

   sourceDeformationSphere->crossoverCheck(numTileCrossovers,
                                           numNodeCrossovers,
                   BrainModelSurface::SURFACE_TYPE_SPHERICAL);
   if (numNodeCrossovers > 0) {
      std::cout << "WARNING: Source deformation sphere contains crossovers "
                   "AFTER insertion of landmarks."
                << std::endl;
   }

   QString sourceNamePrefix("source_withLandmarks.LVD");

   //
   // Create the spec file name
   //
   QString specFileName = sourceNamePrefix + SpecFile::getSpecFileExtension();
   brainSet->setSpecFileName(specFileName);
   intermediateFiles.push_back(specFileName);
   brainSet->removeCoordAndTopoFromSpecFile();

   //
   // Setup the paint file that shows the landmark nodes
   //
   int numNodes = brainSet->getNumberOfNodes();
   PaintFile* pf = brainSet->getPaintFile();
   pf->setNumberOfNodesAndColumns(numNodes, 1);
   pf->setColumnName(0, "Landmarks");
   const int nonLandmarkPaintIndex = pf->addPaintName("???");
   const int landmarkPaintIndex    = pf->addPaintName("Landmark");
   for (int i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
      if (i < originalNumberOfNodes) {
         pf->setPaint(i, 0, nonLandmarkPaintIndex);
      }
      else {
         pf->setPaint(i, 0, landmarkPaintIndex);
      }
   }
   QString paintFileName(sourceNamePrefix + SpecFile::getPaintFileExtension());
   brainSet->writePaintFile(paintFileName);
   intermediateFiles.push_back(paintFileName);

   //
   // Setup the node color file
   //
   AreaColorFile* cf = brainSet->getAreaColorFile();
   cf->addColor("Landmark", 255,   0,   0, 2, 1);
   cf->addColor("???",      170, 170, 170, 2, 1);
   QString nodeColorFileName(sourceNamePrefix + SpecFile::getAreaColorFileExtension());
   brainSet->writeAreaColorFile(nodeColorFileName);
   intermediateFiles.push_back(nodeColorFileName);

   //
   // Write the topology file
   //
   QString topoFileName(sourceNamePrefix + SpecFile::getTopoFileExtension());
   brainSet->writeTopologyFile(topoFileName, TopologyFile::TOPOLOGY_TYPE_CLOSED, tf);
   intermediateFiles.push_back(topoFileName);

   //
   // Write the sphere with target landmarks
   //
   QString coordFileName(sourceNamePrefix + SpecFile::getCoordinateFileExtension());
   brainSet->writeCoordinateFile(coordFileName, BrainModelSurface::SURFACE_TYPE_SPHERICAL,
                                 sourceDeformationSphere->getCoordinateFile());
   intermediateFiles.push_back(coordFileName);

   //
   // Update the displayed surface
   //
   sourceDeformationSphere->orientTilesConsistently();
   sourceDeformationSphere->computeNormals();
   this->updateViewingTransformation(brainSet);
   sourceDeformationSphere->updateForDefaultScaling();
   brainSet->drawBrainModel(sourceDeformationSphere);

   sourceDeformationSphere = new BrainModelSurface(*sourceDeformationSphere);
   brainSet->addBrainModel(sourceDeformationSphere);

   //
   // Save the border variance shape file
   //
   const QString shapeFileName("source_withLandmarksBorderVariance"
                               + SpecFile::getSurfaceShapeFileExtension());
   borderVarianceValuesShapeFile.writeFile(shapeFileName);
   intermediateFiles.push_back(shapeFileName);
   brainSet->addToSpecFile(SpecFile::getSurfaceShapeFileTag(),
                           shapeFileName);
}

/**
 * move the landmark nodes to the average of their neighboring nodes.
 */
void
BrainModelSurfaceDeformationSphericalVector::moveLandmarksToAverageOfNeighbors(BrainModelSurface* bms)
{
   const TopologyHelper* th = bms->getTopologyFile()->getTopologyHelper(false, true, false);
   CoordinateFile* cf = bms->getCoordinateFile();
   int numNodes = bms->getNumberOfNodes();
   for (int i = originalNumberOfNodes; i < numNodes; i++) {
      int numNeighbors = 0;
      const int* neighbors = th->getNodeNeighbors(i, numNeighbors);

      float sumXYZ[3] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
      for (int j = 0; j < numNeighbors; j++) {
         const float* xyz = cf->getCoordinate(neighbors[j]);
         sumXYZ[0] += xyz[0];
         sumXYZ[1] += xyz[1];
         sumXYZ[2] += xyz[2];
      }

      const float avgXYZ[3] = {
         sumXYZ[0] / numNeighbors,
         sumXYZ[1] / numNeighbors,
         sumXYZ[2] / numNeighbors
      };

      cf->setCoordinate(i, avgXYZ);
   }

   bms->convertToSphereWithRadius(deformationSphereRadius);
}

/**
 * create the surface shape file containing the XYZ differences of the
 * nodes in the target and source surfaces.  Note that only the landmark
 * nodes have their differences set; the original nodes have a difference
 * of zero.
 */
SurfaceShapeFile*
BrainModelSurfaceDeformationSphericalVector::createDifferenceShapeFile(int iterations)
{
   int numNodes = targetDeformationSphere->getNumberOfNodes();

   SurfaceShapeFile* ssf = brainSet->getSurfaceShapeFile();
   ssf->clear();
   ssf->setNumberOfNodesAndColumns(numNodes, 6);
   ssf->setColumnName(0, "dX");
   ssf->setColumnName(1, "dY");
   ssf->setColumnName(2, "dZ");
   ssf->setColumnName(3, "dX Smoothed");
   ssf->setColumnName(4, "dY Smoothed");
   ssf->setColumnName(5, "dZ Smoothed");

   const CoordinateFile* sourceCoords = sourceDeformationSphere->getCoordinateFile();
   const CoordinateFile* targetCoords = targetDeformationSphere->getCoordinateFile();

   for (int i = originalNumberOfNodes; i < numNodes; i++) {
      const float* sxyz = sourceCoords->getCoordinate(i);
      const float* txyz = targetCoords->getCoordinate(i);

      float dxyz[3] = {
         txyz[0] - sxyz[0],
         txyz[1] - sxyz[1],
         txyz[2] - sxyz[2]
      };

      //
      // Modify displacement using border variance
      //
      const float borderVariance = this->borderVarianceValuesShapeFile.getValue(i, 0);
      if (borderVariance != 0.0) {
         dxyz[0] *= borderVariance;
         dxyz[1] *= borderVariance;
         dxyz[2] *= borderVariance;
      }



      ssf->setValue(i, 0, dxyz[0]);
      ssf->setValue(i, 1, dxyz[1]);
      ssf->setValue(i, 2, dxyz[2]);

      //
      // If no smoothing iterations, set smoothed values to actual displacement
      //
      if (iterations <= 0) {
         ssf->setValue(i, 3, dxyz[0]);
         ssf->setValue(i, 4, dxyz[1]);
         ssf->setValue(i, 5, dxyz[2]);
      }
   }

   //
   // Smooth the columns
   //
   if (iterations > 0) {
       float strength = 0.5;
       for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
           BrainModelSurfaceMetricSmoothing bmsms(brainSet,
                                                  sourceDeformationSphere,
                                                  sourceDeformationSphere,
                                                  ssf,
                         BrainModelSurfaceMetricSmoothing::SMOOTH_ALGORITHM_AVERAGE_NEIGHBORS,
                                                  j,
                                                  j + 3,
                                                  (ssf->getColumnName(j) + " Smoothed"),
                                                  strength,
                                                  iterations,
                                                  0.0,
                                                  0.0,
                                                  0.0,
                                                  0.0,
                                                  0.0,
                                                  0.0,
                                                  2.0);
           bmsms.execute();
       }
   }

   return ssf;
}

/**
 * Perform landmark neighbor constrained smoothing on the sphere with source landmarks.
 */
void
BrainModelSurfaceDeformationSphericalVector::landmarkNeighborConstrainedSmoothSource(const int cycleIndex)
{
   //
   // Get smoothing parameters for this cycle
   //
   float strength;
   int numCycles, numIterations, neighborIterations, numFinalIterations;
   deformationMapFile->getSmoothingParameters(0,
                                              cycleIndex,
                                              strength,
                                              numCycles,
                                              numIterations,
                                              neighborIterations,
                                              numFinalIterations);
   if (numCycles <= 0) {
      return;
   }

   //
   // perform number of smoothing cycles
   //
   for (int i = 0; i < numCycles; i++) {
      //
      // Perform the landmark constrained smoothing
      //
      updateViewingTransformation(sourceDeformationSphere);
      sourceDeformationSphere->landmarkNeighborConstrainedSmoothing(strength,
                                                                    numIterations,
                                                                    landmarkNodeFlags,
                                                                    neighborIterations,
                                                                    0);

      //
      // push non-landmark nodes back onto the sphere
      //
      sourceDeformationSphere->convertToSphereWithRadius(deformationSphereRadius,
                                                                 0, originalNumberOfNodes);
   }
   
   //
   // Perform final smoothing
   //
   sourceDeformationSphere->arealSmoothing(strength,
                                           numFinalIterations,
                                           0);
   
   //
   // push all nodes back onto the sphere
   //
   sourceDeformationSphere->convertToSphereWithRadius(deformationSphereRadius);
   sourceDeformationSphere->updateForDefaultScaling();
   updateViewingTransformation(sourceDeformationSphere);
}

/**
 * Perform landmark constrained morphing on the sphere with source landmarks
 */
void 
BrainModelSurfaceDeformationSphericalVector::landmarkMorphContrainedSource(
                                   BrainModelSurface* referenceDeformationSphere,
                                   const int cycleIndex)
                                            throw (BrainModelAlgorithmException)
{
   if (DebugControl::getDebugOn()) {
       std::cout << "Landmark Constrained Morphing Cycle "
                 << (cycleIndex + 1)
                 << std::endl;
       std::cout << "   REF:  " << referenceDeformationSphere->getCoordinateFile()->getFileNameNoPath().toAscii().constData() << std::endl;
   }

   //
   // Get smoothing parameters for this cycle (just need strength)
   //
   float strength;
   int numCycles, numIterations, neighborIterations, numFinalIterations;
   deformationMapFile->getSmoothingParameters(0,
                                              cycleIndex,
                                              strength,
                                              numCycles,
                                              numIterations,
                                              neighborIterations,
                                              numFinalIterations);
   //
   // Get the morphing paramters for this cycle
   //
   float linearForce, angularForce, stepSize, landmarkStepSize;
   int numMorphCycles, iterations, smoothIterations;
   deformationMapFile->getMorphingParameters(0,
                                             cycleIndex,
                                             numMorphCycles,
                                             linearForce,
                                             angularForce,
                                             stepSize,
                                             landmarkStepSize,
                                             iterations,
                                             smoothIterations);
    
   //
   // If morphing should be performed
   //
   if (numMorphCycles > 0) {
      //
      // NON-landmark nodes are morphed
      //
      const int numNodes = sourceDeformationSphere->getNumberOfNodes();
      std::vector<bool> morphNodeFlag(numNodes);
      for (int i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
         morphNodeFlag[i] = ( ! landmarkNodeFlags[i]);
      }
      
      //
      // Get fiducial sphere ratio settings
      //
      bool useFiducialSphereRatios = false;
      float fiducialSphereRatioStrength = 0.5;
      deformationMapFile->getSphereFiducialRatio(useFiducialSphereRatios, fiducialSphereRatioStrength);
      std::vector<float> fiducialSphereRatios;
      if (useFiducialSphereRatios) {
         //
         // Use fiducial/sphere distortion except on first cycle
         //
         if (cycleIndex > 0) {
            const int numNodes = fiducialSphereDistortion.getNumberOfNodes();
            fiducialSphereRatios.resize(numNodes);
            for (int i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
               fiducialSphereRatios[i] = fiducialSphereDistortion.getValue(i, 2);
            }
         }
      }

      //
      // Morph for the specified number of cycles
      //
      for (int morphCycle = 0; morphCycle < numMorphCycles; morphCycle++) {
         //
         // Create the morphing object and set parameters
         //      
         BrainModelSurfaceMorphing bmsm(brainSet,
                                        referenceDeformationSphere,
                                        sourceDeformationSphere,
                                        BrainModelSurfaceMorphing::MORPHING_SURFACE_SPHERICAL);
         bmsm.setMorphingParameters(iterations,
                                     linearForce,
                                     angularForce,
                                     stepSize);
         bmsm.setNodesThatShouldBeMorphed(morphNodeFlag, landmarkStepSize);
         if (fiducialSphereRatios.size() > 0) {
            if (useFiducialSphereRatios) {
               bmsm.setFiducialSphereDistortionCorrections(fiducialSphereRatios,
                                                           fiducialSphereRatioStrength);
            }
         }
         
         //
         // execute the  morphing
         //
         bmsm.execute();
         
         //
         // Perform a little bit of normal smoothing
         //
         sourceDeformationSphere->arealSmoothing(strength, smoothIterations, 0);
         
         //
         // Move landmarks to average of neighbors 5/20/09
         //
         this->moveLandmarksToAverageOfNeighbors(sourceDeformationSphere);

         //
         // Push nodes back to sphere and draw
         //
         sourceDeformationSphere->convertToSphereWithRadius(deformationSphereRadius);
         
         //
         // Draw the surface
         //
         sourceDeformationSphere->orientTilesConsistently();
         sourceDeformationSphere->computeNormals();
         sourceDeformationSphere->updateForDefaultScaling();
         updateViewingTransformation(brainSet);
         brainSet->drawBrainModel(sourceDeformationSphere);
         
      }      
   
      //
      // Save the surface
      //
      //QString coordFileName(debugSourceFileNamePrefix);
      //coordFileName.append("_withLandmarks_morphed");
      //coordFileName.append(SpecFile::getCoordinateFileExtension());
      //brainSet->writeCoordinateFile(coordFileName, BrainModelSurface::SURFACE_TYPE_SPHERICAL,
      //                              sourceDeformationSphere->getCoordinateFile());
      //intermediateFiles.push_back(coordFileName);
      
      //
      // Draw the surface
      //
      sourceDeformationSphere->orientTilesConsistently();
      sourceDeformationSphere->computeNormals();
      sourceDeformationSphere->updateForDefaultScaling();
      this->updateViewingTransformation(brainSet);
      brainSet->drawBrainModel(sourceDeformationSphere);
   }
}      

/**
 * Deform the source sphere using the source and target deformation spheres
 */
void
BrainModelSurfaceDeformationSphericalVector::createDeformedCoordinateFile(
                        BrainModelSurface* originalSourceDeformationSphere,
                        BrainModelSurface* registeredDeformationSourceSphere,
                        const int cycleNumber)
{
   try {
      bool lastCycleFlag =
         (cycleNumber >= this->deformationMapFile->getSphericalNumberOfCycles(0));
      if (lastCycleFlag) {
          //
          // Check for crossovers in source deformation sphere
          //
          int sourceTileCrossoversCount = 0;
          int sourceNodeCrossoversCount = 0;
          originalSourceDeformationSphere->crossoverCheck(sourceTileCrossoversCount,
                                                          sourceNodeCrossoversCount,
                                         BrainModelSurface::SURFACE_TYPE_SPHERICAL);
          if (sourceNodeCrossoversCount > 0) {
             std::cout << "WARNING: Original source deformation sphere has "
                       << sourceNodeCrossoversCount
                       << " crossovers when creating deformed coordinate file."
                       << std::endl;
          }

          //
          // Check for crossovers in source in target deformation
          //
          int targetTileCrossoversCount = 0;
          int targetNodeCrossoversCount = 0;
          registeredDeformationSourceSphere->crossoverCheck(targetTileCrossoversCount,
                                                          targetNodeCrossoversCount,
                                         BrainModelSurface::SURFACE_TYPE_SPHERICAL);
          if (targetNodeCrossoversCount > 0) {
             std::cout << "WARNING: Final deformation sphere has "
                       << targetNodeCrossoversCount
                       << " crossovers when creating deformed coordinate file."
                       << std::endl;
          }

          //
          // Check for crossovers in user's source surface
          //
          int userTileCrossoversCount = 0;
          int userNodeCrossoversCount = 0;
          sourceSurface->crossoverCheck(userTileCrossoversCount,
                                        userNodeCrossoversCount,
                                        BrainModelSurface::SURFACE_TYPE_SPHERICAL);
          if (userNodeCrossoversCount > 0) {
             std::cout << "WARNING: User's individual sphere has "
                       << userNodeCrossoversCount
                       << " crossovers when creating deformed coordinate file."
                       << std::endl;
          }
      }

      //
      // Copy the user's input surface to a new deformed surface
      //
      deformedSourceSurface = new BrainModelSurface(*sourceSurface);
      sourceBrainSet->addBrainModel(deformedSourceSurface);
      updateViewingTransformation(sourceBrainSet);

      //
      // Make sure source surface is same radius as deformation sphere
      //
      sourceSurface->convertToSphereWithRadius(deformationSphereRadius);
         
      //
      // Get the coordinate files for the user's surface and its
      // new deformed surface.
      //
      CoordinateFile* sourceCoords = sourceSurface->getCoordinateFile();
      CoordinateFile* deformedSourceCoords = deformedSourceSurface->getCoordinateFile();
      const int numCoords = sourceCoords->getNumberOfCoordinates();
      
      //
      // See if X coordinate will need to be flipped (first cycle only !!!)
      //
      bool diffHemFlag = false;
      if (cycleNumber == 1) {
         diffHemFlag = (sourceBrainSet->getStructure() != targetBrainSet->getStructure());
         if (diffHemFlag) {
            std::cout << "Different Hemispheres" << std::endl;
         }
      }
      
      //
      // Create a Point Projector for the source deformation sphere
      //
      BrainModelSurfacePointProjector bspp(originalSourceDeformationSphere, //targetDeformationSphere);
                              BrainModelSurfacePointProjector::SURFACE_TYPE_HINT_SPHERE,
                              false);

      //
      // Coord file of registered deformation source sphere
      //
      const CoordinateFile* deformSphereRegisteredCoords =
         registeredDeformationSourceSphere->getCoordinateFile();

      //
      // Project each point in the users input surface to its deformed surface
      //
      for (int i = 0; i < numCoords; i++) {
         float xyz[3];
         sourceCoords->getCoordinate(i, xyz);
         if (diffHemFlag) {
            xyz[0] = -xyz[0];
            sourceCoords->setCoordinate(i, xyz); // needed for projecting borders
         }
         
         //
         // Project source node onto subsampled surface
         //
         int nearestNode = -1;
         int tileNodes[3];
         float tileAreas[3];
         const int tile = bspp.projectBarycentric(xyz, nearestNode,
                                                  tileNodes, tileAreas, true);
                                                  
         //
         // Unproject using the deformation sphere coordinate file
         //
         if (tile >= 0) {
            BrainModelSurfacePointProjector::unprojectPoint(tileNodes, 
                                                            tileAreas,
                                                            deformSphereRegisteredCoords,
                                                            xyz);
         }
         else if (nearestNode >= 0) {
            // JWH 08/08/03  2:15pm deformedSourceCoords->getCoordinate(nearestNode, xyz);
            //deformationMorphedSphereCoords->getCoordinate(nearestNode, xyz);
            deformSphereRegisteredCoords->getCoordinate(nearestNode, xyz);
         }
         deformedSourceCoords->setCoordinate(i, xyz);
      }

      deformedSourceSurface->orientTilesConsistently();
      deformedSourceSurface->computeNormals();

      if (lastCycleFlag) {
          //
          // Check for crossovers in user's source surface
          //
          int userDeformedTileCrossoversCount = 0;
          int userDeformedNodeCrossoversCount = 0;
          deformedSourceSurface->crossoverCheck(userDeformedTileCrossoversCount,
                                        userDeformedNodeCrossoversCount,
                                        BrainModelSurface::SURFACE_TYPE_SPHERICAL);
          if (userDeformedNodeCrossoversCount > 0) {
             std::cout << "WARNING: User's DEFORMED individual sphere has "
                       << userDeformedNodeCrossoversCount
                       << " after its creation."
                       << std::endl;
          }
      }

      //
      // Write the source deformed coordinates
      //
      QDir::setCurrent(sourceDirectory);
      QString defCoordName(deformationMapFile->getDeformedFileNamePrefix());
      QString dn(FileUtilities::dirname(sourceCoords->getFileName()));

      if ((dn != ".") && (dn.length() > 0)) {
         QString fn(FileUtilities::basename(sourceCoords->getFileName()));
         QString s(dn);
         s += QDir::separator();
         s += deformationMapFile->getDeformedFileNamePrefix();
         s += fn;
         defCoordName = s;
      }
      else {
         defCoordName.append(sourceCoords->getFileName());
      }

      deformationMapFile->setSourceDeformedSphericalCoordFileName(defCoordName);
      deformedSourceCoords->appendToFileComment("\nDeformation Map File: ");
      deformedSourceCoords->appendToFileComment(
         FileUtilities::basename(sourceToTargetDeformationMapFileName));
      if (cycleNumber == deformationMapFile->getSphericalNumberOfCycles(0)) {
         //deformedSourceCoords->writeFile(defCoordName);
      }
      else {
         QString cycleName = deformationMapFile->getDeformedFileNamePrefix()
                             + "sphere_cycle_"
                             + QString::number(cycleNumber)
                             + SpecFile::getCoordinateFileExtension();
         defCoordName = cycleName;
      }
      deformedSourceCoords->writeFile(defCoordName);

      QString descriptionMessage("Projecting "
                                 + sourceCoords->getFileName()
                                 + " to "
                                 + originalSourceDeformationSphere->getCoordinateFile()->getFileName()
                                 + " and unprojecting to "
                                 + registeredDeformationSourceSphere->getCoordinateFile()->getFileName()
                                 + " creating the file "
                                 + defCoordName);
      std::cout << descriptionMessage.toAscii().constData() << std::endl;


      QDir::setCurrent(originalDirectory);   
   }
   catch (FileException& e) {
      throw BrainModelAlgorithmException(e.whatQString());
   }
}

/**
 * write a border file containing the deformed landmarks.
 */
void
BrainModelSurfaceDeformationSphericalVector::writeSourceBorderLandmarkFile(BrainModelSurface* surface,
                                                                           const int cycleNumber)
{
   const CoordinateFile* cf = surface->getCoordinateFile();
   const int numNodes = cf->getNumberOfCoordinates();
   BorderFile bf;
   Border border;

   int lastBorderNumber = -1;
   for (int i = this->originalNumberOfNodes; i < numNodes; i++) {
      int usedIndex = i - this->originalNumberOfNodes;
      std::pair<int,int> borderInfo = usedBorderLinks[usedIndex];
      int borderNumber = borderInfo.first;
      //int linkNumber   = borderInfo.second;

      if (borderNumber != lastBorderNumber) {
         if (border.getNumberOfLinks() > 0) {
            bf.addBorder(border);
            border.clearLinks();
         }
         border.setName(targetBorderFile->getBorder(borderNumber)->getName());
         lastBorderNumber = borderNumber;
      }

      border.addBorderLink(cf->getCoordinate(i));
   }

   if (border.getNumberOfLinks() > 0) {
      bf.addBorder(border);
   }

   bf.setHeaderTag(AbstractFile::headerTagConfigurationID,
      BrainModelSurface::getSurfaceConfigurationIDFromType(BrainModelSurface::SURFACE_TYPE_SPHERICAL));
   QString borderFileName("source_after_resample_cycle_"
                + QString::number(cycleNumber)
                + SpecFile::getBorderFileExtension());
   bf.writeFile(borderFileName);
   intermediateFiles.push_back(borderFileName);

   brainSet->addToSpecFile(SpecFile::getSphericalBorderFileTag(),
                           borderFileName);
}

/**
 * write coords without the landmarks.
 */
void
BrainModelSurfaceDeformationSphericalVector::writeCoordinatesWithoutLandmarks(BrainModelSurface* surface,
                                                                              const int cycleNumber)
{
   CoordinateFile cf;
   cf.setNumberOfCoordinates(this->originalNumberOfNodes);

   for (int i = 0; i < this->originalNumberOfNodes; i++) {
      cf.setCoordinate(i, surface->getCoordinateFile()->getCoordinate(i));
   }

   QString coordFileName("source_withoutLandmarks.LVD.cycle_"
                 + QString::number(cycleNumber)
                 + SpecFile::getCoordinateFileExtension());
   cf.writeFile(coordFileName);
   intermediateFiles.push_back(coordFileName);
}

/**
 * Execute the deformation.
 */
void 
BrainModelSurfaceDeformationSphericalVector::executeDeformation() throw (BrainModelAlgorithmException)
{
   //
   // Validate vector smoothing iterations
   //
   QString vectorIterationsErrorMessage = "";
   for (int ci = 0;
        ci < deformationMapFile->getSphericalNumberOfCycles(0);
        ci++) {
       //
       // Get vector-landmark parameters
       //
       int iterations = 0;
       float displacementFactor = 1.0;
       this->deformationMapFile->getLandmarkVectorParameters(0,
                                                             ci,
                                                             iterations,
                                                             displacementFactor);
       if (iterations <= 0) {
          if (vectorIterationsErrorMessage.isEmpty()) {
             vectorIterationsErrorMessage =
               "Each cycle must have at least one iteration of vector smoothing.\n"
               "These cycles have zero iterations:";
          }
          vectorIterationsErrorMessage += ("  " + QString::number(ci + 1));
       }
   }
   if (vectorIterationsErrorMessage.isEmpty() == false) {
      throw BrainModelAlgorithmException(vectorIterationsErrorMessage);
   }

   //
   // Get radius of target sphere
   //
   deformationSphereRadius = targetSurface->getSphericalSurfaceRadius();
   
   //
   // Make source surface the same radius as the target surface
   //
   sourceSurface->convertToSphereWithRadius(deformationSphereRadius);
   
   //
   // control of sphere fiducial distortion
   //
   bool useFiducialSphereRatios = false;
   float fiducialSphereRatioStrength = 0.5;
   deformationMapFile->getSphereFiducialRatio(useFiducialSphereRatios, fiducialSphereRatioStrength);
   
   //
   // Determing the ratio of the source fiducial and spherical tile areas
   //
   if (useFiducialSphereRatios) {
      if (DebugControl::getDebugOn()) {
         std::cout << " " << std::endl;
      }
      updateProgressDialog("Determining Spherical Distortion");

      determineSphericalDistortion(sourceFiducialSurface,
                                 sourceSurface,
                                 sourceTileDistortion);
      
      //
      // Determing the ratio of the target fiducial and spherical tile areas
      //
      determineSphericalDistortion(targetFiducialSurface,
                                 targetSurface,
                                 targetTileDistortion);
   }
  
  //
  // Resample the border files
  //
  if (DebugControl::getDebugOn()) {
     std::cout << "Resampling borders." << std::endl;
  }
  updateProgressDialog("Resampling borders.");
  resampleBorderFiles(-1, -1, deformationSphereRadius);

  //
  // Create the target brain set
  //
  targetDeformationBrainSet = new BrainSet();

  //
  // Load the regularly tessellated sphere and make it same radius as target surface
  //
  QString currentDirectory(QDir::currentPath());
  targetDeformationSphere = getRegularSphere(targetDeformationBrainSet, deformationSphereRadius);
  targetDeformationSphere->orientTilesConsistently();
  targetDeformationSphere->computeNormals();
  targetDeformationSphere->updateForDefaultScaling();
  this->updateViewingTransformation(targetDeformationSphere);
  targetDeformationBrainSet->drawBrainModel(targetDeformationSphere);
  QDir::setCurrent(currentDirectory);

  //
  // Save the number of nodes before tessellating in the borders
  //
  originalNumberOfNodes = targetDeformationSphere->getNumberOfNodes();

  //
  // tessellate the target borders into the target deformation sphere
  //
  if (DebugControl::getDebugOn()) {
     std::cout << "Tessellating borders into target." << std::endl;
  }
  updateProgressDialog("Tessellating Borders into Target");
  tessellateTargetBordersIntoDeformationSphere();

  //
  // Load the regularly tessellated sphere and make it same radius as target surface
  //
  currentDirectory = QDir::currentPath();
  sourceDeformationSphere = getRegularSphere(brainSet, deformationSphereRadius);
  sourceDeformationSphere->orientTilesConsistently();
  sourceDeformationSphere->computeNormals();
  sourceDeformationSphere->updateForDefaultScaling();
  this->updateViewingTransformation(sourceDeformationSphere);
  brainSet->drawBrainModel(sourceDeformationSphere);
  QDir::setCurrent(currentDirectory);

  //
  // tessellate the source borders into the source deformation sphere
  //
  if (DebugControl::getDebugOn()) {
     std::cout << "Tessellating borders into source." << std::endl;
  }
  updateProgressDialog("Tessellating Borders into Source");
  tessellateSourceBordersIntoDeformationSphere();

  //
  // Place copy of target into the brain set
  //
  QString targetCoordName = targetDeformationSphere->getCoordinateFile()->getFileName();
  brainSet->readCoordinateFile(targetCoordName,
                               BrainModelSurface::SURFACE_TYPE_SPHERICAL,
                               false,
                               true,
                               true);
  brainSet->getBrainModelSurface(brainSet->getNumberOfBrainModels() - 1)->updateForDefaultScaling();

  //
  // Mark the landmark nodes
  //
  //const int numNodes = targetDeformationSphere->getNumberOfNodes();
  int numNodes = sourceDeformationSphere->getNumberOfNodes();
  landmarkNodeFlags.resize(numNodes);
  for (int i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
     landmarkNodeFlags[i] = (i >= originalNumberOfNodes);
  }

  //
  // Create the source reference surface
  //
  referenceSourceDeformationSphere = new BrainModelSurface(*sourceDeformationSphere);
  moveLandmarksToAverageOfNeighbors(referenceSourceDeformationSphere);
  referenceSourceDeformationSphere->computeNormals();
  referenceSourceDeformationSphere->updateForDefaultScaling();
  brainSet->addBrainModel(referenceSourceDeformationSphere);
  this->updateViewingTransformation(referenceSourceDeformationSphere);
  brainSet->writeCoordinateFile("source_withLandmarks.LVD.REF.coord",
                                BrainModelSurface::SURFACE_TYPE_SPHERICAL,
                                referenceSourceDeformationSphere->getCoordinateFile(),
                                true);
  intermediateFiles.push_back("source_withLandmarks.LVD.REF.coord");

  //
  // Copy of source deformation sphere
  //
  BrainModelSurface originalSourceDeformationSphere(*referenceSourceDeformationSphere);
  originalSourceDeformationSphere.getCoordinateFile()->setFileName(
     "CopyOf_" + referenceSourceDeformationSphere->getCoordinateFile()->getFileName());

   //
   // Perform the requested number of cycles
   //
   for (int cycleIndex = 0;
        cycleIndex < deformationMapFile->getSphericalNumberOfCycles(0);
        cycleIndex++) {
      const int cycleNumber = cycleIndex + 1;
      const QString cycleString("Cycle " + QString::number(cycleNumber) + " ");

       //
       // Get vector-landmark parameters
       //
       int iterations = 0;
       float displacementFactor = 1.0;
       this->deformationMapFile->getLandmarkVectorParameters(0,
                                                             cycleIndex,
                                                             iterations,
                                                             displacementFactor);
      //
      // Create the surface shape coordinate differences
      //
      if (DebugControl::getDebugOn()) {
         std::cout << "Cycle " << cycleNumber << " smoothing landmarks in source." << std::endl;
      }
      updateProgressDialog(cycleString + "Smoothing Landmarks in Source");
      SurfaceShapeFile* shapeDiffFile = this->createDifferenceShapeFile(iterations);

      //
      // Save the shape file
      //
      const QString shapeFileName("source_withLandmarks.LVD.cycle_"
                                  + QString::number(cycleNumber)
                                  + SpecFile::getSurfaceShapeFileExtension());
      brainSet->writeSurfaceShapeFile(shapeFileName);
      intermediateFiles.push_back(shapeFileName);

      //
      // Displace sphere nodes by smoothed shape data
      //
      CoordinateFile* sourceCoords = sourceDeformationSphere->getCoordinateFile();
      for (int j = 0; j < numNodes; j++) {
         float* xyz = sourceCoords->getCoordinate(j);
         xyz[0] += (shapeDiffFile->getValue(j, 3) * displacementFactor);
         xyz[1] += (shapeDiffFile->getValue(j, 4) * displacementFactor);
         xyz[2] += (shapeDiffFile->getValue(j, 5) * displacementFactor);
         sourceCoords->setCoordinate(j, xyz);
      }
      moveLandmarksToAverageOfNeighbors(sourceDeformationSphere);
      sourceDeformationSphere->convertToSphereWithRadius(this->deformationSphereRadius);
      const QString smoothedCoordName("source_withLandmarksDisplaced.LVD.cycle_"
                                      + QString::number(cycleNumber)
                                      + SpecFile::getCoordinateFileExtension());
      brainSet->writeCoordinateFile(smoothedCoordName,
                                    BrainModelSurface::SURFACE_TYPE_SPHERICAL,
                                    sourceDeformationSphere->getCoordinateFile(),
                                    true);
      intermediateFiles.push_back(smoothedCoordName);
      updateViewingTransformation(brainSet);
      sourceDeformationSphere->orientTilesConsistently();
      sourceDeformationSphere->computeNormals();
      sourceDeformationSphere->updateForDefaultScaling();
      this->updateViewingTransformation(sourceDeformationSphere);
      brainSet->drawBrainModel(sourceDeformationSphere);
      sourceDeformationSphere = new BrainModelSurface(*sourceDeformationSphere);
      brainSet->addBrainModel(sourceDeformationSphere);
      this->updateViewingTransformation(sourceDeformationSphere);
      
      //
      // Perform landmark neighbor constrained smoothing on the sphere with source landmarks
      //
      if (DebugControl::getDebugOn()) {
         std::cout << "Cycle " << cycleNumber << " landmark neighbor constrained smoothing." << std::endl;
      }
      updateProgressDialog(cycleString + "Landmark Neighbor Constrained Smoothing of Source");
      landmarkNeighborConstrainedSmoothSource(cycleIndex);
      const QString smoothedLandmarkCoordName("source_withLandmarksSmoothed.LVD.cycle_"
                                      + QString::number(cycleNumber)
                                      + SpecFile::getCoordinateFileExtension());
      brainSet->writeCoordinateFile(smoothedLandmarkCoordName,
                                    BrainModelSurface::SURFACE_TYPE_SPHERICAL,
                                    sourceDeformationSphere->getCoordinateFile(),
                                    true);
      intermediateFiles.push_back(smoothedLandmarkCoordName);
      updateViewingTransformation(brainSet);
      sourceDeformationSphere->orientTilesConsistently();
      sourceDeformationSphere->computeNormals();
      sourceDeformationSphere->updateForDefaultScaling();
      this->updateViewingTransformation(sourceDeformationSphere);
      brainSet->drawBrainModel(sourceDeformationSphere);
      sourceDeformationSphere = new BrainModelSurface(*sourceDeformationSphere);
      this->updateViewingTransformation(sourceDeformationSphere);
      brainSet->addBrainModel(sourceDeformationSphere);

      //
      // During first cycle, allocate the fiducial sphere distortion surface shape file
      //
      if (useFiducialSphereRatios) {
         fiducialSphereDistortion.setNumberOfNodesAndColumns(
                                          targetDeformationSphere->getNumberOfNodes(), 3);
         fiducialSphereDistortion.setColumnName(0, "Target Distortion");
         fiducialSphereDistortion.setColumnName(1, "Source Distortion");
         fiducialSphereDistortion.setColumnName(2, "sqrt(Target/Source)");

         //
         // determine the fiducial sphere distortion
         //
         determineFiducialSphereDistortion();
          //
          // Update fiducial/sphere with deformed surface
          //
          updateSphereFiducialDistortion(cycleIndex, sourceDeformationSphere);
      }

      //
      // Perform landmark neighbor constrained morphing on the sphere with source landmarks
      //
      if (DebugControl::getDebugOn()) {
         std::cout << "Cycle " << cycleNumber << " landmark neighbor constrained morphing." << std::endl;
      }
      updateProgressDialog(cycleString + "Landmark Neighbor Constrained Morphing of Source");
      landmarkMorphContrainedSource(referenceSourceDeformationSphere, cycleIndex);
      const QString morphedLandmarkCoordName("source_withLandmarksMorphed.LVD.cycle_"
                                      + QString::number(cycleNumber)
                                      + SpecFile::getCoordinateFileExtension());
      intermediateFiles.push_back(morphedLandmarkCoordName);
      updateViewingTransformation(brainSet);
      sourceDeformationSphere->orientTilesConsistently();
      sourceDeformationSphere->computeNormals();
      sourceDeformationSphere->updateForDefaultScaling();
      brainSet->drawBrainModel(sourceDeformationSphere);
      brainSet->writeCoordinateFile(morphedLandmarkCoordName,
                                    BrainModelSurface::SURFACE_TYPE_SPHERICAL,
                                    sourceDeformationSphere->getCoordinateFile(),
                                    true);
      
      //
      // Use morphed as REFERENCE for next cycle
      //
      referenceSourceDeformationSphere = sourceDeformationSphere;

      //
      // Check for crossovers
      //
      updateProgressDialog(cycleString + "Checking for Crossovers");
      int numNodeCrossovers = 0, numTileCrossovers = 0;
      sourceDeformationSphere->crossoverCheck(numTileCrossovers,
                                                     numNodeCrossovers,
                                                     BrainModelSurface::SURFACE_TYPE_SPHERICAL);
      crossoverCount.push_back(numNodeCrossovers);

      //
      // Project the user's sphere from the original source deformation sphere to
      // the target deformation sphere
      //
      updateProgressDialog(cycleString + "Creating Deformed Coordinate File");
      createDeformedCoordinateFile(&originalSourceDeformationSphere,
                                   sourceDeformationSphere,
                                   cycleNumber);

      //
      // Create a new sphere for the next cycle
      //
      if (cycleNumber < deformationMapFile->getSphericalNumberOfCycles(0)) {
         sourceDeformationSphere = new BrainModelSurface(*sourceDeformationSphere);
         this->updateViewingTransformation(sourceDeformationSphere);
         brainSet->addBrainModel(sourceDeformationSphere);
      }

      //
      // Create border file containing the deformed landmarks
      //
      writeSourceBorderLandmarkFile(sourceDeformationSphere, cycleNumber);
      
      //
      // Write deformation sphere without landmarks
      //
      writeCoordinatesWithoutLandmarks(sourceDeformationSphere, cycleNumber);
   }

   //
   // If the last cycle alert user if there are crossovers
   //
   bool anyCrossoversFlag = false;
   for (unsigned int i = 0; i < crossoverCount.size(); i++) {
     if (crossoverCount[i] > 0) {
        anyCrossoversFlag = true;
        break;
     }
   }
   if (anyCrossoversFlag > 0) {
     QWidget* parent = brainSet->getProgressDialogParent();
     if (parent != NULL) {
        QString msg;
        for (int i = (crossoverCount.size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {
           std::ostringstream str;
           str << "Cycle " << (i + 1) << " had " << crossoverCount[i] << " crossovers.\n";
           msg.append(str.str().c_str());
        }
        msg.append("\nContinue Deformation ?");
        QApplication::restoreOverrideCursor();
        QApplication::beep();
        if (QMessageBox::warning(parent, "Crossover Alert", msg, "Yes", "No") != 0) {
           throw BrainModelAlgorithmException("Deformation terminated by user.");
        }
        //will not compile on mac - don't know why QApplication::setOverrideCursor(waitCursor);
     }
   }
}