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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
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<head>
<title>CHARVA: A Java Windowing Toolkit for Text Terminals</title>
<meta name="keywords" content="java, text, terminal, user, interface, VT100, curses, ncurses">
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<body>
<h1 align=center>A Java Windowing Toolkit for Text Terminals</h1>
<table border=0 width="100%" cellspacing="5">
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<td style="padding: 5px"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="4">Menu</font></td>
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<td bgcolor="#008000" style="padding: 5px"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="4">Quick Info</font></td>
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<tr style="font-size: 8pt">
<td nowrap="nowrap">Operating System: <a href="http://www.linux.org">Linux</a></td>
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<td nowrap="nowrap">Language: <a href="http://java.sun.com">Java</a>, C</td>
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<td nowrap="nowrap">Licence: <a href="http://www.gnu.org">GNU</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="font-size: 8pt">
<td nowrap="nowrap">Author: <a href="http://www.pitman.co.za">Rob Pitman</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
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<td bgcolor="#B6C0FF"><font size="+1">Download and Installation</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<ol>
<li>Download the latest zipfile from
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/charva">http://sourceforge.net/projects/charva</a>.<p>
</li>
<li> Change to a suitable directory (<code>$HOME/work</code>, say) and extract the
contents using the command:<p>
<pre>
unzip charva-x.y.z.zip
</pre>
<p> This will create a directory tree called "charva" in the current directory.
Set the environment variable CHARVA_HOME to the full pathname of this new
directory.</p></li>
<li><p>Set the environment variable JAVA_HOME to the name of your JDK installation
directory, for example:</p>
<pre>
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.4.2
</pre></li>
<li>At this stage, if you have JDK1.3, JDK1.4 or JDK1.5 installed, you can run the test program as
described in step 8 below (precompiled libraries for Linux, compiled with J2SDK1.4.2, are included in the
download package, as <code>$CHARVA_HOME/c/lib/libTerminal.so</code>
and <code>$CHARVA_HOME/java/dist/lib/charva.jar</code>).
I have tested Charva with RedHat Linux 7, 8 and 9, Fedora 3 and 4, CentOS 4, Windows 98, Windows 2000,
and Windows XP. Others have ported Charva to various other flavors of Unix. If you are running some other
version of Unix or have a different version of the JDK,
you will have to build the libraries and the test program as described in the following steps.
Operating-system-specific Makefiles are provided in the <code>$CHARVA_HOME/c/src</code>
directory. The required DLL for Windows is provided in the <code>$CHARVA_HOME/c/lib</code> directory.
<p></li>
<li><p>Make sure you have <a href="http://ant.apache.org">Apache Ant</a> installed.
Instructions for setting up Ant are available on its website.</p></li>
<li>Compile the Java classes, generate the JNI header file, and compile the
"tutorial" program with the following commands:
<pre>
cd $CHARVA_HOME
ant compile
ant javah
ant compile-test
</pre>
</li>
<li><p>Build the JNI (Java Native Interface) library <code>libTerminal.so</code>
by entering the following commands (you need to have the
<code>ncurses-devel</code> RPM, i.e. the ncurses header files, installed
for this step to work):</p>
<pre>
ant makeDLL
</pre>
(This has been tested on Linux: if it doesn't work for you, you can generate the
shared library "manually" with the following commands):
<pre>
cd $CHARVA_HOME/c/src
make -f <i>os-specific-makefile</i></pre>
<p></li>
<li><a name="run_test">Run the tutorial program</a> by entering the following commands:<p>
<pre>
cd $CHARVA_HOME
sh test.sh</pre>
<p>(If you are running Windows, use <code>wintest.bat</code> instead). Two different versions (a Swing version
and a CHARVA version) of the tutorial program are provided in the tarball. The source code of the two
programs is almost identical; they differ in only a few lines. To run the Swing version instead of the
Charva version, type <code>"sh test.sh swing"</code> instead. Note that this program uses the standard Java
Swing GUI, and therefore your X display must be up and running for this program to work.</p>
</li>
</ol>
Note that the input/output device of any Charva program can be:
<ul>
<li>a traditional serial terminal, such as a VT100 or VT220, logged
directly into the computer's serial port<p></li>
<li>an "xterm" terminal emulator on an X-windows display (don't use the
"gnome-terminal" application that comes with GNOME; it's buggy)<p></li>
<li>a remote terminal emulator (such as
<a href="http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/">PuTTY</a>;
don't even try the Telnet program shipped with Windows, it's broken)
logged into the host computer via a Telnet or SSH session.
</ul>
In any of these cases you have to ensure that the TERM environment variable is
set correctly to match the terminal type.<p>
The tutorial program displays a frame with the usual menu-bar at the top.
You can select a menu by pressing the LEFT or RIGHT cursor keys, then
pressing ENTER on the selected menu. Each menu item pops up a dialog that
demonstrates some feature(s) of CHARVA.
<p>
Moving from one field to the next within a dialog-box is done by pressing
the TAB key. You should also be able to move from each field to the
previous field by pressing the BACK-TAB key; but the mapping of the BACK-TAB
key is not standard on all terminals. Many terminals map BACK-TAB to SHIFT+TAB;
if in doubt, refer to the <a href="FAQ.html">FAQ page</a>.
<p>
You should be able to edit text input fields by using the BACKSPACE and
DELETE keys, and navigate within textfields using the HOME, END, LEFT and
RIGHT cursor keys.
<p>
If your terminal-emulator reports mouse-events, you should be able to move
the focus to any component in the topmost frame (or dialog-box) by clicking on
the component. Clicking on a JButton, JComboBox or JMenuItem invokes it.
Clicking an item inside a JList moves the current row to the item;
double-clicking the item selects/deselects it. Clicking inside a JTextField
or JTextArea moves the caret (the text insertion point) to where the mouse was
clicked.
<p>
If any of these keys or the mouse does not work, check whether the
<code>terminfo</code> description of your terminal is correctly set up.
Also see the <a href="FAQ.html">FAQ page</a>
<p>
<p>You can view the API documentation of the CHARVA library by pointing
your Web browser at <code>$CHARVA_HOME/docs/api/index.html</code>
(on your local machine). You can also
<a href="http://www.pitman.co.za/projects/charva/api/index.html">
browse the API documentation online.</a></p>
For permanent installation, you just need to ensure that the directory
containing the <code>libTerminal.so</code> library file is included in
your library search path, which is specified as follows:<p>
<ul>
<li>On Linux and Solaris it is specified by the environment variable
LD_LIBRARY_PATH
<p>
<li>On AIX the environment variable is LIBPATH
<p>
<li>On HP-UX the environment variable is SHLIB_PATH, and the filename
must be <code>libTerminal.sl</code>
<p>
<li>On Win32 the library file is <code>Terminal.dll</code> and you
specify the search path with the command-line option
<code>-Djava.library.path=<i>directory_containing_Terminal.dll</i></code>
</ul>
<p>You also need to put the JAR file (<code>charva.jar</code>) into your Java CLASSPATH.
Look at the script <code>$CHARVA_HOME/test.sh</code> for an
example of how to do this on Linux.</p>
<p>If you want to build a Charva application as a native executable that you can
deploy on a system that doesn't have a Java interpreter, have a look
at the file "Makefile.gcj.txt" in the <code>c/src</code> directory of the Charva distribution.</p>
<p>I would welcome your feedback about the usefulness and usability of the CHARVA
package, and about errors or omissions in these web pages. Please send me
your comments at
<a href="mailto:rob@pitman.co.za">rob@pitman.co.za</a></p>
</td>
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<hr>
<i>Last updated: 10 September, 2006</i>
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