File: technologies.html

package info (click to toggle)
cocoon 1.8-1
links: PTS
area: contrib
in suites: woody
size: 12,016 kB
ctags: 3,793
sloc: xml: 16,682; java: 8,089; sh: 174; makefile: 61
file content (391 lines) | stat: -rw-r--r-- 50,354 bytes
<HTML><HEAD><SCRIPT language="JavaScript" src="resources/script.js" type="text/javascript"></SCRIPT><TITLE>Technologies Used</TITLE></HEAD><BODY alink="#cc0000" bgcolor="#ffffff" leftmargin="4" link="#039acc" marginheight="4" marginwidth="4" text="#000000" topmargin="4" vlink="#0086b2"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><TR><TD align="left" height="60" rowspan="3" valign="top" width="135"><IMG border="0" height="60" hspace="0" src="resources/logo.gif" vspace="0" width="135"></TD><TD align="left" background="resources/line.gif" colspan="2" height="5" valign="top" width="100%"><IMG align="left" border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/line.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD align="left" height="60" rowspan="3" valign="top" width="29"><IMG border="0" height="60" hspace="0" src="resources/right.gif" vspace="0" width="29"></TD></TR><TR><TD align="left" bgcolor="#0086b2" colspan="2" height="35" valign="top" width="100%"><IMG align="right" alt="" border="0" height="35" hspace="0" src="graphics/technologies-header.jpg" vspace="0" width="456"></TD></TR><TR><TD align="left" background="resources/bottom.gif" bgcolor="#0086b2" height="20" valign="top" width="100%"><IMG align="left" border="0" height="20" hspace="0" src="resources/bottom.gif" vspace="0" width="3"></TD><TD align="right" background="resources/bottom.gif" bgcolor="#0086b2" height="20" valign="top" width="288"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="288"><TR><TD align="left" height="20" valign="top" width="96"><A href="http://xml.apache.org/" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('xml');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('xml');" target="new"><IMG alt="http://xml.apache.org/" border="0" height="20" hspace="0" name="xml" onLoad="rolloverLoad('xml','resources/button-xml-hi.gif','resources/button-xml-lo.gif');" src="resources/button-xml-lo.gif" vspace="0" width="96"></A></TD><TD align="left" height="20" valign="top" width="96"><A href="http://www.apache.org/" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('asf');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('asf');" target="new"><IMG alt="http://www.apache.org/" border="0" height="20" hspace="0" name="asf" onLoad="rolloverLoad('asf','resources/button-asf-hi.gif','resources/button-asf-lo.gif');" src="resources/button-asf-lo.gif" vspace="0" width="96"></A></TD><TD align="left" height="20" valign="top" width="96"><A href="http://www.w3.org/" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('w3c');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('w3c');" target="new"><IMG alt="http://www.w3.org/" border="0" height="20" hspace="0" name="w3c" onLoad="rolloverLoad('w3c','resources/button-w3c-hi.gif','resources/button-w3c-lo.gif');" src="resources/button-w3c-lo.gif" vspace="0" width="96"></A></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><TR><TD align="left" valign="top" width="120"><IMG border="0" height="14" hspace="0" src="resources/join.gif" vspace="0" width="120"><BR>
  <A href="index.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-index');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-index');"><IMG alt="Index" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-index" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-index','graphics/index-label-2.jpg','graphics/index-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/index-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
  <A href="license.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-license');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-license');"><IMG alt="License" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-license" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-license','graphics/license-label-2.jpg','graphics/license-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/license-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
<IMG border="0" height="6" hspace="0" src="resources/separator.gif" vspace="0" width="120"><BR>
  <A href="install.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-install');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-install');"><IMG alt="Install" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-install" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-install','graphics/install-label-2.jpg','graphics/install-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/install-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
  <A href="install-case-solaris.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-install-case-solaris');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-install-case-solaris');"><IMG alt="Install on Solaris8" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-install-case-solaris" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-install-case-solaris','graphics/install-case-solaris-label-2.jpg','graphics/install-case-solaris-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/install-case-solaris-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
  <A href="install-case-windows.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-install-case-windows');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-install-case-windows');"><IMG alt="Install on Win2k" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-install-case-windows" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-install-case-windows','graphics/install-case-windows-label-2.jpg','graphics/install-case-windows-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/install-case-windows-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
<IMG border="0" height="6" hspace="0" src="resources/separator.gif" vspace="0" width="120"><BR>
  <IMG alt="Technologies" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="graphics/technologies-label-1.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"><BR>
  <A href="infrastructure.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-infrastructure');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-infrastructure');"><IMG alt="Infrastructure" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-infrastructure" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-infrastructure','graphics/infrastructure-label-2.jpg','graphics/infrastructure-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/infrastructure-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
  <A href="guide.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-guide');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-guide');"><IMG alt="User Guide" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-guide" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-guide','graphics/guide-label-2.jpg','graphics/guide-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/guide-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
  <A href="dynamic.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-dynamic');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-dynamic');"><IMG alt="Dynamic Content" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-dynamic" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-dynamic','graphics/dynamic-label-2.jpg','graphics/dynamic-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/dynamic-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
  <A href="how-it-works.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-how-it-works');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-how-it-works');"><IMG alt="How it works" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-how-it-works" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-how-it-works','graphics/how-it-works-label-2.jpg','graphics/how-it-works-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/how-it-works-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
<IMG border="0" height="6" hspace="0" src="resources/separator.gif" vspace="0" width="120"><BR>
  <A href="xsp.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-xsp');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-xsp');"><IMG alt="XSP Processor" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-xsp" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-xsp','graphics/xsp-label-2.jpg','graphics/xsp-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/xsp-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
  <A href="sqltaglib.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-sqltaglib');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-sqltaglib');"><IMG alt="SQL XSP Taglib" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-sqltaglib" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-sqltaglib','graphics/sqltaglib-label-2.jpg','graphics/sqltaglib-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/sqltaglib-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
  <A href="fp.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-fp');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-fp');"><IMG alt="FP XSP Taglib" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-fp" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-fp','graphics/fp-label-2.jpg','graphics/fp-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/fp-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
  <A href="connection-pool.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-connection-pool');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-connection-pool');"><IMG alt="SQL Conn Pool" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-connection-pool" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-connection-pool','graphics/connection-pool-label-2.jpg','graphics/connection-pool-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/connection-pool-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
  <A href="sql.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-sql');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-sql');"><IMG alt="SQL Processor" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-sql" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-sql','graphics/sql-label-2.jpg','graphics/sql-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/sql-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
  <A href="ldap.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-ldap');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-ldap');"><IMG alt="LDAP Processor" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-ldap" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-ldap','graphics/ldap-label-2.jpg','graphics/ldap-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/ldap-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
  <A href="dcp.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-dcp');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-dcp');"><IMG alt="DCP Processor" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-dcp" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-dcp','graphics/dcp-label-2.jpg','graphics/dcp-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/dcp-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
<IMG border="0" height="6" hspace="0" src="resources/separator.gif" vspace="0" width="120"><BR>
  <A href="wd-xsp.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-wd-xsp');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-wd-xsp');"><IMG alt="XSP WD" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-wd-xsp" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-wd-xsp','graphics/wd-xsp-label-2.jpg','graphics/wd-xsp-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/wd-xsp-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
<IMG border="0" height="6" hspace="0" src="resources/separator.gif" vspace="0" width="120"><BR>
  <A href="./api/index.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-ext-48');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-ext-48');"><IMG alt="Javadocs" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-ext-48" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-ext-48','graphics/ext-48-label-2.jpg','graphics/ext-48-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/ext-48-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
<IMG border="0" height="6" hspace="0" src="resources/separator.gif" vspace="0" width="120"><BR>
  <A href="cocoon2.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-cocoon2');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-cocoon2');"><IMG alt="Cocoon 2" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-cocoon2" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-cocoon2','graphics/cocoon2-label-2.jpg','graphics/cocoon2-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/cocoon2-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
<IMG border="0" height="6" hspace="0" src="resources/separator.gif" vspace="0" width="120"><BR>
  <A href="faqs.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-faqs');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-faqs');"><IMG alt="FAQ" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-faqs" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-faqs','graphics/faqs-label-2.jpg','graphics/faqs-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/faqs-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
  <A href="changes.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-changes');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-changes');"><IMG alt="Changes" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-changes" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-changes','graphics/changes-label-2.jpg','graphics/changes-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/changes-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
  <A href="todo.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-todo');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-todo');"><IMG alt="Todo" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-todo" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-todo','graphics/todo-label-2.jpg','graphics/todo-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/todo-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
<IMG border="0" height="6" hspace="0" src="resources/separator.gif" vspace="0" width="120"><BR>
  <A href="livesites.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-livesites');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-livesites');"><IMG alt="Live Sites" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-livesites" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-livesites','graphics/livesites-label-2.jpg','graphics/livesites-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/livesites-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
<IMG border="0" height="6" hspace="0" src="resources/separator.gif" vspace="0" width="120"><BR>
  <A href="http://xml.apache.org/websrc/index.cgi/xml-cocoon/" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-ext-68');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-ext-68');"><IMG alt="Code Repository" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-ext-68" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-ext-68','graphics/ext-68-label-2.jpg','graphics/ext-68-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/ext-68-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
  <A href="http://xml.apache.org/from-cvs/xml-cocoon/" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-ext-70');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-ext-70');"><IMG alt="Dev Snapshots" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-ext-70" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-ext-70','graphics/ext-70-label-2.jpg','graphics/ext-70-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/ext-70-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
  <A href="mail-lists.html" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-mail-lists');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-mail-lists');"><IMG alt="Mail Lists" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-mail-lists" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-mail-lists','graphics/mail-lists-label-2.jpg','graphics/mail-lists-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/mail-lists-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
  <A href="http://mail-archives.apache.org/" onMouseOut="rolloverOff('side-ext-74');" onMouseOver="rolloverOn('side-ext-74');"><IMG alt="Mail Archive" border="0" height="12" hspace="0" name="side-ext-74" onLoad="rolloverLoad('side-ext-74','graphics/ext-74-label-2.jpg','graphics/ext-74-label-3.jpg');" src="graphics/ext-74-label-3.jpg" vspace="0" width="120"></A><BR>
  
<IMG border="0" height="14" hspace="0" src="resources/close.gif" vspace="0" width="120"><BR></TD><TD align="left" valign="top" width="*"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"><TR><TD><BR>

 


<DIV align="right"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"><TR><TD align="right" height="7" valign="bottom" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="7" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-top-left.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-top.gif"><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD align="left" height="7" valign="bottom" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="7" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-top-right.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR><TR><TD background="resources/bar-border-left.gif" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="100%"><FONT color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif" size="+1"><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="5"><B>Introduction</B></FONT></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-right.gif" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR><TR><TD align="right" height="12" valign="top" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-bottom-left.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-bottom.gif"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0"></TD><TD align="left" height="12" valign="top" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-bottom-right.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR></TABLE><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"><TR><TD><FONT color="#000000" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">

  <P align="justify">Since many people do not seem to understand the big picture of
  the technologies used by Cocoon, I will try to explain my vision of
  them.  I will also provide some information that I hope will enable
  you to jump right in, help with its development, or show your boss
  how much money can be saved using Cocoon.</P>

</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV><BR>

<DIV align="right"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"><TR><TD align="right" height="7" valign="bottom" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="7" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-top-left.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-top.gif"><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD align="left" height="7" valign="bottom" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="7" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-top-right.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR><TR><TD background="resources/bar-border-left.gif" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="100%"><FONT color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif" size="+1"><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="5"><B>What is this XML?</B></FONT></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-right.gif" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR><TR><TD align="right" height="12" valign="top" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-bottom-left.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-bottom.gif"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0"></TD><TD align="left" height="12" valign="top" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-bottom-right.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR></TABLE><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"><TR><TD><FONT color="#000000" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">

  <P align="justify">XML (<A href="http://www.w3.org/XML/">eXtensible Markup
  Language</A>) is a subset of SGML (<A href="http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/general.html">Standard
  Generalized Mark-up Language</A>).  SGML is the grandparent of
  all markup languages and a 15-year-old <A href="http://www.iso.ch/">ISO</A> standard for creating
  languages.  You can think of XML as a lighter version of SGML.</P>

  <P align="justify">The first thing you must understand is that XML is <I>not</I> a
  language (like HTML), but a syntax, in the same way that ASCII
  defines a standard way to map characters to bytes rather than to
  character strings.</P>

  <P align="justify">XML is usually referred to as <I>portable data</I> in the sense
  that its parsing is <I>application independent</I>.  The same XML
  parser can read every possible XML document: one describing your
  bank account, another describing your favorite Italian meal,
  etc. This is, as you all know, impossible with other text-based or
  binary file formats.  A near-equivalent in the old days was CSV
  (comma separated values) files, which used a very simple syntax (one
  record per line, a comma separating fields, and the values in the
  first row naming the columns).  XML, unlike CSV, is much more
  flexible and structured, even though it's much simpler than SGML.</P>

  <P align="justify">A particular XML language is defined by its Document Type
  Definition (DTD).  DTDs are described in the XML specification.
  They describe the syntax of a language implemented in XML.  An XML
  document may be validated against a DTD (if present).  If the
  validation is successful the document is said to be <I>valid XML
  based on the particular DTD</I>.  If a DTD is not present and the
  parser does not encounter syntax errors parsing the file, the XML
  document is said to be <I>well-formed</I>. If errors are found,
  the document is not XML compliant.</P>

  <P align="justify">So, any valid XML document is <I>well-formed</I> and an XML
  document <I>valid</I> for one particular DTD may not necessarily
  be valid for another DTD.  For example, <A href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/">HTML</A> is not an XML
  language because some tags such as <CODE><FONT face="courier, monospaced">&lt;br&gt;</FONT></CODE> are not
  XML compliant.  In <A href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/">XHTML</A>, an XML compliant
  reformulation of HTML, <CODE><FONT face="courier, monospaced">&lt;br&gt;</FONT></CODE>, for example, is
  replaced with <CODE><FONT face="courier, monospaced">&lt;br/&gt;</FONT></CODE>. While HTML pages are not
  always well-formed XML documents (some pages might be), XHTML pages
  are always well-formed and valid XML documents if they match the
  XHTML DTD.</P>

  <P align="justify">So much for the technical differences, but why was HTML not good
  enough?  Let's consider an example.</P>

</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV><BR>

<DIV align="right"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"><TR><TD align="right" height="7" valign="bottom" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="7" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-top-left.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-top.gif"><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD align="left" height="7" valign="bottom" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="7" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-top-right.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR><TR><TD background="resources/bar-border-left.gif" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="100%"><FONT color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif" size="+1"><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="5"><B>XML shows its power</B></FONT></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-right.gif" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR><TR><TD align="right" height="12" valign="top" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-bottom-left.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-bottom.gif"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0"></TD><TD align="left" height="12" valign="top" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-bottom-right.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR></TABLE><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"><TR><TD><FONT color="#000000" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">

  <P align="justify">Consider how the need for XML came about:</P>

  <BLOCKQUOTE><UL>
    <LI>Everyone starts publishing HTML documents on the web.</LI>
    <LI>Search engines spring up across the net to help find documents.</LI>
    <LI>Search engines have a difficult time searching specific pieces of a
      document since HTML was designed to represent hierarchically how data
      should be presented, but not what data is being presented.</LI>
    <LI>Web applications spring up across the net to provide information and
      <I>services</I>.</LI>
  </UL></BLOCKQUOTE>

  <P align="justify">These services could be web pages that serve up important
  information about an organization or the structure of the
  organization. It could be weather information or travel
  advisories. It could be contact information for people. Stock
  quotes. It could a book on how to grow the perfect Tomato.</P>

  <P align="justify">So now we have all this information. Tons of it. Great! Now go
  and search all those web pages for specific content, like Author or
  Subject. Find me all abstracts of documents published on the subject
  of <I>Big Tomatoes</I>, since I only want to view abstracts to
  find the document best for me.  An HTML page is not designed for
  this. It was designed for <I>how to present</I> the data.</P>

  <P align="justify">When I look at a web page I might see that an author chose to
  make every heading bold with <CODE><FONT face="courier, monospaced">&lt;font
  size=&quot;+1&quot;&gt;</FONT></CODE>. Yet if I look at another page I might notice
  that every heading was marked up with <CODE><FONT face="courier, monospaced">&lt;H1&gt;</FONT></CODE>.  Yet
  another page may use tables and table headers to format the
  data. Find me every document that has the word <I>potato</I> in
  the first heading.</P>

  <P align="justify">Suppose I have a web application that serves up weather
  information for different parts of the country. Let's say you live
  in Boston, MA and only want the local weather. Your boss asks you to
  write an application that goes out and grabs the two-to-three
  sentence weather summary from my application and display it on your
  intranet's homepage.</P>

  <P align="justify">You take a quick jaunt over to my weather application and notice
  that the summary is in what looks like the second paragraph of the
  page. So you take a quick peek at the HTML source that my weather
  application returns. You suddenly realize that it's all on one line
  and is buried deep within tables.</P>

  <P align="justify">So you start writing your little application to parse my HTML
  code to retrieve only the information you were looking for. You pat
  yourself on the back when?4 hours later?you finally get
  the information you were looking for.  Your code looks for the 2nd
  <CODE><FONT face="courier, monospaced">TABLE</FONT></CODE>, the 6th <CODE><FONT face="courier, monospaced">TR</FONT></CODE>, and then the 2nd
  <CODE><FONT face="courier, monospaced">TD</FONT></CODE>. Phew. Your application, which really only wants to
  retrieve weather data, is forced to parse display markup to get
  it.</P>

  <P align="justify">You run over to your boss and demonstrate the application you are
  so proud of writing. Lo and behold it doesn't work.  What happened?
  The good old page author decided to change the layout and move the
  weather summary to <CODE><FONT face="courier, monospaced">TABLE</FONT></CODE> 1, <CODE><FONT face="courier, monospaced">TR</FONT></CODE> 1,
  <CODE><FONT face="courier, monospaced">TD</FONT></CODE> 1. Your application breaks because it is tied to the
  presentation of the data and not to the data itself. Not very
  effective, since now your app will break every time the page author
  drinks too much coffee.</P>

  <P align="justify">Then you notice something on the page that interests you. The
  site is automatically generated from XML and you see a link that
  indicates there is an XML DTD for weather information. And another
  link that indicates the availability of an XML stream for weather
  information. Yikes, would you look at that:</P>
  
  <DIV align="center"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4"><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><PRE>
   &lt;weather-information&gt;
    &lt;location&gt;
     &lt;city&gt;Boston&lt;/city&gt;
     &lt;state&gt;MA&lt;/state&gt;
    &lt;/location&gt;
    &lt;summary&gt;
     Beautiful and Sunny, lows 50, highs 65, with the
     chance of a blizzard and gail force winds.
    &lt;/summary&gt;
   &lt;/weather-information&gt;
  </PRE></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
          
  <P align="justify">So you simply download Cocoon and quickly write an XSL stylesheet
  that looks like the following:</P>
  
  <DIV align="center"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4"><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><PRE>
   &lt;xsl:stylesheet&gt;
    &lt;xsl:template match=&quot;/&quot;&gt;
     ... presentation info here ...
    &lt;/xsl:template&gt;
    &lt;xsl:tempate 
      match=&quot;weather-information[location/city = 'Boston']&quot;&gt;
     &lt;xsl:apply-templates select=&quot;summary&quot;/&gt;
    &lt;/xsl:template&gt;
   &lt;/xsl:stylesheet&gt;  
  </PRE></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
  
  <P align="justify">And your boss gives you your job back! ;-)</P>

</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV><BR>

<DIV align="right"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"><TR><TD align="right" height="7" valign="bottom" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="7" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-top-left.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-top.gif"><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD align="left" height="7" valign="bottom" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="7" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-top-right.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR><TR><TD background="resources/bar-border-left.gif" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="100%"><FONT color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif" size="+1"><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="5"><B>The HTML Model</B></FONT></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-right.gif" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR><TR><TD align="right" height="12" valign="top" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-bottom-left.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-bottom.gif"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0"></TD><TD align="left" height="12" valign="top" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-bottom-right.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR></TABLE><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"><TR><TD><FONT color="#000000" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">

  <P align="justify">As the above example explains, HTML is a language for describing
  graphics, behavior, and hyperlinks on web pages. HTML is
  <I>not</I> able to <I>contextualize</I> (i.e. <I>give meaning
  to some text</I>).  For example, if you look for the <I>title</I>
  of a page, a nice HTML tag gives you that, but if you look for the
  author or version or something more specific like the author's mail
  address?even if this information is present in the
  text?you don't have a way to <I>isolate</I> it
  (contextualize it) from the surrounding information.</P>

  <P align="justify">In HTML like this</P>

  <DIV align="center"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4"><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><PRE>
   &lt;html&gt;
    &lt;head&gt;
     &lt;title&gt;This is my article&lt;/title&gt;
    &lt;/head&gt;
    &lt;body&gt;
     &lt;h1 align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;This is my article&lt;/h1&gt;
     &lt;h3 align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
      by &lt;a href=&quot;mailto:stefano@apache.org&quot;&gt;
          Stefano Mazzocchi
         &lt;/a&gt;
     &lt;/h3&gt;
     ...
    &lt;/body&gt;
   &lt;/html&gt; 
  </PRE></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>

  <P align="justify">you don't have a guaranteed way to extract the mail address.
  Whereas in the following XML document</P>

  <DIV align="center"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4"><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><PRE>
   &lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot;?&gt;
   &lt;page&gt;
    &lt;title&gt;This is my article&lt;/title&gt;
    &lt;author&gt;
     &lt;name&gt;Stefano Mazzocchi&lt;/name&gt;
     &lt;mail&gt;stefano@apache.org&lt;/mail&gt;
    &lt;/author&gt;
    ...
   &lt;/page&gt;
  </PRE></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV> 

  <P align="justify">it's trivial and algorithmically certain.</P>

  <P align="justify">We don't imagine XML overtaking HTML in web publishing since HTML
  is great for small needs. HTML was born as an SGML-based DTD for
  scientists' homepages, i.e. to parallelize and simplify the
  deployment and management of personal information. HTML was
  <I>not</I> designed for the publishing and processing of large
  quantities of data and complex dynamic information systems.</P>

</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV><BR>

<DIV align="right"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"><TR><TD align="right" height="7" valign="bottom" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="7" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-top-left.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-top.gif"><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD align="left" height="7" valign="bottom" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="7" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-top-right.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR><TR><TD background="resources/bar-border-left.gif" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="100%"><FONT color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif" size="+1"><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="5"><B>The XSL Language</B></FONT></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-right.gif" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR><TR><TD align="right" height="12" valign="top" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-bottom-left.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-bottom.gif"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0"></TD><TD align="left" height="12" valign="top" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-bottom-right.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR></TABLE><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"><TR><TD><FONT color="#000000" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">

  <P align="justify">As you can see, XML alone is useless without some defined
  semantics: even if an application is able to parse a document, it
  must be able to <I>understand</I> what the markup means. This is
  why XML-only browsers are meaningless and not more useful than text
  editors from a usability point of view.</P>

  <P align="justify">This is one of the reasons why XSL (the <A href="http://www.w3.org/style/xsl/">eXtensible Stylesheet
  Language</A>) was proposed and designed. XSL is divided into two
  parts: <A href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt">transformation</A>
  (XSLT) and <A href="http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-xsl/">formatting
  objects</A> (sometimes referred to as FO, XSL:FO, or simply
  XSL). Both are XML DTDs that define a particular XML syntax, so
  every XSL or XSLT document is a well-formed XML document.</P>

</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV><BR>

<DIV align="right"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"><TR><TD align="right" height="7" valign="bottom" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="7" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-top-left.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-top.gif"><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD align="left" height="7" valign="bottom" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="7" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-top-right.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR><TR><TD background="resources/bar-border-left.gif" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="100%"><FONT color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif" size="+1"><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="5"><B>XSL Transformations (XSLT)</B></FONT></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-right.gif" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR><TR><TD align="right" height="12" valign="top" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-bottom-left.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-bottom.gif"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0"></TD><TD align="left" height="12" valign="top" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-bottom-right.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR></TABLE><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"><TR><TD><FONT color="#000000" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">

  <P align="justify">XSLT is a language for transforming one well-formed XML document
  into something else (which may <I>not</I> necessarily be another
  XML document, although it most often will be). This means that you
  can use it to go from one DTD to another in a procedural way that is
  defined inside your XSLT document.  XSLT can be used in ways its
  name might not imply: a transformation may be applied to a document
  to generate a <I>graphical description</I> of its content. This is
  called <I>styling</I>, but, as you can imagine, it is just one of
  the possible uses of transformation technology.</P>

  <P align="justify">Back in the earlier example, the HTML file may have been
  generated from an XML file using <I>another</I> XML file as a
  transformation sheet (which in this case is a stylesheet).  The data
  is all there: we just have to tell the transformer how to come up
  with the HTML document once all the data is parsed.</P>

  <P align="justify">Usually, transformation sheets work from one DTD to another and
  in this way form a chain: transformA goes from DTD1 to DTD2 and
  transformB from DTD2 to DTD3 or graphically</P>

  
  <DIV align="center"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4"><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><PRE>DTD1 ---(transformA)--&gt; DTD2 ---(transformB)---&gt; DTD3</PRE></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>

  <P align="justify">We'll call DTD1 the <I>original DTD</I>, DTD2 some
  <I>intermediate DTD</I>, DTD3 the <I>final DTD</I>.  A
  transformation can always be created to go directly from DTD1 to
  DTD3, but this might be more complicated and less
  human-readable/manageable.</P>

</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV><BR>

<DIV align="right"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"><TR><TD align="right" height="7" valign="bottom" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="7" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-top-left.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-top.gif"><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD align="left" height="7" valign="bottom" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="7" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-top-right.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR><TR><TD background="resources/bar-border-left.gif" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="100%"><FONT color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif" size="+1"><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="5"><B>XSL Formatting Objects (XSL:FO)</B></FONT></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-right.gif" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR><TR><TD align="right" height="12" valign="top" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-bottom-left.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-bottom.gif"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0"></TD><TD align="left" height="12" valign="top" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-bottom-right.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR></TABLE><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"><TR><TD><FONT color="#000000" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">

  <P align="justify">XSLFO is a language (an XML DTD) for describing 2D layout of text
  in both printed and digital media. I will not concentrate on the
  graphical abilities that formatting objects give you, but rather on
  the fact that it is mostly used as a <I>final DTD</I>, meaning
  that a transformation is used to generate a formatting object
  description of a document starting from a general XML file.</P>

  <P align="justify">An XSLFO document for our ongoing example would be</P>

  <DIV align="center"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4"><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><PRE>
  &lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot;?&gt;
  &lt;fo:root xmlns:fo=&quot;http://www.w3.org/XSL/Format/1.0&quot;&gt;
   ...
   &lt;fo:flow font-size=&quot;14pt&quot; line-height=&quot;14pt&quot;&gt;
    &lt;fo:block 
        text-align=&quot;centered&quot; 
        font-size=&quot;24pt&quot; 
        line-height=&quot;28pt&quot;&gt;This is my article&lt;/fo:block&gt;
    &lt;fo:block 
        space-before.optimum=&quot;12pt&quot; 
        text-align=&quot;centered&quot;&gt;by Stefano Mazzocchi&lt;/fo:block&gt;
   &lt;/fo:flow&gt;
  &lt;/fo:root&gt;
  </PRE></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV> 

  <P align="justify">which tells the formatting object formatter (the rendering
  engine), how to <I>draw</I> and place the text on screen or on
  paper.</P>

  <P align="justify">XSL formatting objects and transformations are being specified by
  the same working group and have a lot of synergy, even though the
  XSLT specification also includes ways to create HTML and text from
  XML files.</P>

</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV><BR>

<DIV align="right"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"><TR><TD align="right" height="7" valign="bottom" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="7" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-top-left.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-top.gif"><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD align="left" height="7" valign="bottom" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="7" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-top-right.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR><TR><TD background="resources/bar-border-left.gif" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="100%"><FONT color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif" size="+1"><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="5"><B>The XSP Language</B></FONT></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-right.gif" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR><TR><TD align="right" height="12" valign="top" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-bottom-left.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD><TD background="resources/bar-border-bottom.gif"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0"></TD><TD align="left" height="12" valign="top" width="9"><IMG border="0" height="12" hspace="0" src="resources/bar-bottom-right.gif" vspace="0" width="9"></TD></TR></TABLE><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"><TR><TD><FONT color="#000000" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">

  <P align="justify">The Cocoon publishing model is heavily based on the XSLT
  transformation capabilities.  XSLT allows complete separation of
  content and style (something that is much harder to obtain with
  HTML, even using CSS2 or other styling technologies).  But Cocoon
  goes further and defines a way of separating content and style from
  the programming logic that drives server side behavior.</P>

  <P align="justify">The XSP language defines an XML DTD for separating content and logic
  for compiled server pages. XSP is, like XSLFO, supposed to be a 
  <I>final DTD</I>. In fact, XSP is rendered into source code and then
  compiled into binary code. This allows performance increase since no
  parsing or interpretation overhead happens at runtime.</P>

  <P align="justify">In dynamic content generation technology, content and logic are
  combined: in every page there is a mix of static content and dynamic
  logic that work together to create the final result, usually using
  run-time or time-dependent input.  XSP is no exception, since it
  defines a syntax to mix static content and programmatic logic in a
  way that is independent of both the programming language used and
  the binary results that the final source-rendering generated.</P>

  <P align="justify">But it must be understood that XSP is just a piece of the
  framework: exactly like how formatting objects mix style and
  content, XSP objects mix logic and content. On the other hand, since
  both are XML DTDs, XSLT can be used to move from pure content to
  these final DTDs, placing the style and logic on the transformation
  layers and guaranteeing complete separation and easier
  maintenance.</P>

</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV><BR>

</TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE><BR><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2"><IMG height="1" src="images/dot.gif" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD align="center"><FONT color="#0086b2" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif" size="-1"><I>
              Copyright &copy; 1999-2000 The Apache Software Foundation.
              All Rights Reserved.
            </I></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></BODY></HTML>