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<!DOCTYPE html
PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<!--
(C) Copyright 2007,2011 John J. Foerch
Use, modification, and distribution are subject to the terms specified in the
COPYING file.
-->
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Conkeror Tutorial</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="chrome://conkeror-help/content/manual.css" />
</head>
<body>
<h1>Conkeror Tutorial</h1>
<h3>Reading Key Notation</h3>
<p>
The first thing you need to know about Conkeror is how to read key
notation. Each key combination is written as a hyphenated list of
modifiers and key. The codes for the common modifiers are as
follows: <code class="key">C</code> means Control; <code class="key">M</code> means Meta or
Alt; and <code class="key">S</code> means Shift. Therefore the key combination
<code class="key">C-M-f</code> means to hold down Control and Meta and press
<code class="key">f</code>.
</p>
<p>
The key to scroll down is <code class="key">C-n</code>. The key to scroll up is
<code class="key">C-p</code>
</p>
<p>
Many commands in Conkeror are run by typing a sequence of two or
more key combinations. The notation is simple. Each combination in
the sequence is written, in order, separated by spaces. The
sequence <code class="key">C-h t</code> means to press Control-h, release all
keys, then press <code class="key">t</code>. <code class="key">C-h t</code> is the key
sequence to view this tutorial.
</p>
<p>
The key sequence to exit conkeror is <code class="key">C-x C-c</code>.
</p>
<p>
<code class="key">C-g</code> is the abort key. It is used to cancel a command
from the minibuffer, or stop a web page from loading.
</p>
<p>
<code class="key">Space</code> and <code class="key">Backspace</code> scroll a page down and
a page up, respectfully.
</p>
<h3>Basic Navigation</h3>
<p>
To browse to an URL in a new content buffer, type <code class="key">C-x
C-f</code>. This key sequence works from anywhere in Conkeror.
Additionally, if you are already in a content buffer (as opposed to a
buffer showing download progress or help), you can navigate the current
buffer to a new url with the <code class="key">g</code> (find-url) key.
The mnemonic is "go". The key sequence <code class="key">C-x C-v</code>
(find-alternate-url) is also available in content buffers. It is
identical to <code class="key">g</code> except that the prompt will be
pre-filled with the current URL for you to edit.
</p>
<p>
The <code class="key">B</code> key (note uppercase) is bound to
the <code>back</code> command. Practice basic navigation by
typing <code class="key">g</code> and entering the text "about:" in
the url prompt. To come back to this tutorial from the about: page,
type <code class="key">B</code>.
</p>
<h3>Hinting</h3>
<p>
The system for interacting with the elements of a document is called
the hinting system. With the hinting system, you can do things like
follow hyperlinks, copy URLs, focus form fields, and more. Let's
use the hinting system to follow a hyperlink. You will receive
instructions about how to return here after you follow the
hyperlink. If the numbered list and hyperlink following this
paragraph are not in view, scroll so that they are.
</p>
<ol>
<li>Press <code class="key">f</code>. (mnemonic: follow)</li>
<li>The hyperlink should be hilighted, with a number on the left
side. Type that number and hit enter.</li>
</ol>
<a href="chrome://conkeror-help/content/back-forward.html">This is a
hyperlink.</a>
<p>
As a matter of fact, in addition to following links by number, you can
also follow them by a substring of the link text. You could select the
link above by typing <code class="key">f t h i s</code>. When more than
one link with similar text is in view, hinting will narrow down the
choices as you type. You can always specify the one you want by
disambiguating the sequence with the hint number.
</p>
<p>
But hinting is for more than just hyperlinks. Conkeror provides
several <em>hint classes</em> for operating on different types of
elements. The hint class is specified by typing the corresponding
key sequence of the class before the key sequence of the command.
It was not necessary to specify a hint class for following the
hyperlink above because links are the default hint class for the
follow command. The following table lists the most common hint
classes.
</p>
<table>
<tr><td><em>key</em></td><td><em>hint class</em></td><td><em>mnemonic</em></td></tr>
<tr><td><code class="key">n</code></td><td>links and form elements</td><td>li<b>n</b>k</td></tr>
<tr><td><code class="key">i</code></td><td>images</td><td><b>i</b>mage</td></tr>
<tr><td><code class="key">m</code></td><td>frameset frames and top window</td><td>fra<b>m</b>e</td></tr>
<tr><td><code class="key">* *</code></td><td>dom nodes</td><td>wildcard</td></tr>
</table>
<p>
In the hinting system, hint number zero (0) is special. It refers to the
current URL in the buffer.
</p>
<p>
The <code class="key">c</code> key is bound to the copy command. Its
default hint class is links. To copy the URL of the page you are
currently browsing, type <code class="key">c 0</code>. To copy the url of
a frame or iframe, type <code class="key">m c</code>. If there is more
than one frame visible, you will be prompted for a number, just as with
hyperlinks.
</p>
<p>
When none of the conventional hint classes cover the element that
you want to operate on, you can use the dom-nodes hint class, to
choose from among all visible dom nodes. This hint class is bound
to <code class="key">* *</code>. Try copying the text of this
paragraph now by typing <code class="key">* * c</code> followed by
the hint number for this paragraph.
</p>
<h3>Finding Text (Isearch)</h3>
<p>
<code class="key">C-s</code> invokes interactive text search mode, isearch
for short. <code class="key">C-r</code> invokes reverse isearch. In this
mode, just type the text you want to find into the minibuffer and Conkeror
will search the document as you type. To jump to the next match,
hit <code class="key">C-s</code> again. To jump to the previous match,
hit <code class="key">C-r</code>. To conclude your search,
hit <code class="key">return</code>, or to abort it,
press <code class="key">escape</code> or <code class="key">C-g</code>. If
you have previously concluded an isearch, you can use the
keys <code class="key">S</code> and <code class="key">R</code> to jump to
next and previous matches without going back into isearch mode. This is
called non-interactive resume. To resume your last successful isearch in
interactive mode, hit <code class="key">C-s</code>
or <code class="key">C-r</code> twice.
</p>
<h3>Copying Text</h3>
<p>
Apart from <code class="key">* * c</code> described above, there are other
ways to copy text for times when what you want to copy does not neatly
fill one dom node. The process is straight-forward. First, use isearch
(<code class="key">C-s</code>) and search for the start of the text you
want to copy. When you have brought the search to the start of the text
you want to copy, hit <code class="key">return</code> to conclude the
search. Although no cursor is visible, there is an invisible cursor where
the search concluded. Hold the <code class="key">shift</code> key and use
the arrow keys to make a selection. When you have selected the text you
want to copy, release all keys and hit <code class="key">M-w</code> to
copy the text to the clipboard.
</p>
<p>
<b>Tip:</b> Although isearch is usually the quickest way to position the
cursor, there are other ways. One of them is to use the <em>focus
link</em> browser-object command (<code class="key">n ;</code>). When you
focus a link, the invisible cursor will be left at the first character of
the link text, and you can use shifted arrow keys to make a selection from
that point. If the methods outlined so far are unsuitable for a situation
you encounter, then you can use <code>M-x caret-mode</code> to get a small
but visible blinking cursor that you can move to where you need it.
Call <code>M-x caret-mode</code> again to toggle it off.
</p>
<h3>What Next</h3>
<p>
Now that you've completed the tutorial, you should have the basic skills
to get around on the web. But there is so much more to learn, and
always the possibility of improving your efficiency through
configuration. Start by reading
the <a href="http://conkeror.org/QuickStart">QuickStart</a>, and then
explore the <a href="http://conkeror.org/">Conkeror Wiki</a> on your
own. Enjoy!
</p>
</body>
</html>
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