1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
|
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<title>The Hackers Guide for console-setup - bdf2psf</title>
<link href="index.html" rel="start">
<link href="ch1.html" rel="prev">
<link href="ch3.html" rel="next">
<link href="index.html#contents" rel="contents">
<link href="index.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
<link href="ch1.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Basic Structure">
<link href="ch2.html" rel="chapter" title="2 bdf2psf">
<link href="ch3.html" rel="chapter" title="3 The Legacy Fonts">
<link href="ch4.html" rel="chapter" title="4 The New Fonts">
<link href="ch-ckbcomp.html" rel="chapter" title="5 The ckbcomp Utility">
<link href="ch1.html#s1.1" rel="section" title="1.1 Fonts">
<link href="ch1.html#s1.2" rel="section" title="1.2 Keyboard">
<link href="ch1.html#s1.3" rel="section" title="1.3 describe_unicodes">
<link href="ch2.html#s2.1" rel="section" title="2.1 Synopsis">
<link href="ch2.html#s-charsets" rel="section" title="2.2 Character Sets">
<link href="ch2.html#s-equivalence" rel="section" title="2.3 Equivalence files">
<link href="ch3.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Conversion from PSF to BDF">
<link href="ch3.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 Back Conversion—from BDF to PSF">
</head>
<body>
<p><a name="ch2"></a></p>
<hr>
<p>
[ <a href="ch1.html">previous</a> ]
[ <a href="index.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
[ <a href="ch1.html">1</a> ]
[ 2 ]
[ <a href="ch3.html">3</a> ]
[ <a href="ch4.html">4</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-ckbcomp.html">5</a> ]
[ <a href="ch3.html">next</a> ]
</p>
<hr>
<h1>
The Hackers Guide for <samp>console-setup</samp>
<br>Chapter 2 - <code>bdf2psf</code>
</h1>
<hr>
<p>
The program <code>bdf2psf</code> translates BDF fonts to PSF format. It
accepts fonts with arbitrary size of the font matrix. If the width of matrix
of the source font is 7 or 9 pixels then it generates fonts with width of 8
pixels.
</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="s2.1">2.1 Synopsis</h2>
<pre>
bdf2psf [--fb][--log <var>LOG</var>] <var>BDF</var>{+<var>BDF</var>} <var>EQUIV</var>{+<var>EQUIV</var>} <var>SYMB</var>{+[:]<var>SYMB</var>} <var>SIZE</var> <var>PSF</var> [<var>SFM</var>]
</pre>
<p>
Description of the options:
</p>
<dl>
<dt><samp>--fb</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Generate fonts for the framebuffer. There are two important differences
between the framebuffer and the text mode. First, all fonts in text mode have
to have matrix 8 pixels width. They also have to have either 256 or 512
glyphs. Second, in some text modes the hardware does some magic in order to
use 8 pixels width fonts as if they were 9 pixels width. In order to achieve
this the video hardware copyes the 8th column in the 9th columnt of the glyphs
with codes from 0xC0 to 0xDF and from 0x1C0 to 0x1DF. <code>Bdf2psf</code> is
very careful when deciding where to place a particular glyph and as a result
the encoding of the generated font is more or less arbitrary.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><samp>--log <var>LOG</var></samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Record in the file <code><var>LOG</var></code> any problems during the
conversion.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><samp><var>BDF</var>{+<var>BDF</var>}</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>
The source BDF font(s). When a particular symbol is defined in more than one
of the specified fonts then the first listed fonts take precedence.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><samp><var>EQUIV</var>{+<var>EQUIV</var>}</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>
A list of files defining an equivalence relation between the glyphs. See <a
href="#s-equivalence">Equivalence files, Section 2.3</a>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><samp><var>SYMB</var>{+[:]<var>SYMB</var>}</samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Generate PSF font for the character set described in the file
<code><var>SYMB</var></code>. If more than one character set is specified the
PSF font will support all of them. When there is no space for all character
sets, the first in the list take precedence. When a colon before the character
set is specified no warnings will be issued for symbols that could not be
placed in the font. See <a href="#s-charsets">Character Sets, Section 2.2</a>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><samp><var>SIZE</var></samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>
The size of the PSF font. Usually 256 or 512 glyphs.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><samp><var>PSF</var></samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>
<code><var>PSF</var></code> is the name of the generated PSF font. If a file
with this name already exists it will be overwritten.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><samp><var>SFM</var></samp></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Save in the file <code><var>SFM</var></code> the SFM of the generated font.
This parameter is optional.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<hr>
<h2 id="s-charsets">2.2 Character Sets</h2>
<p>
The encoding of the traditional console fonts follows the standard encoding of
the different languages. For example there are fonts for all variants of ISO
8859. This is redundand, for example ISO 8859-1, ISO 8859-9 and ISO 8859-15
differ only by few characters.
</p>
<p>
In order to determine the minimal set of character sets a clustering algorithm
was used. The source code of <code><a
href="http://proba">fontconfig</a></code> contains lists of the characters that
most languages require—one list per language. We started with one
character set per language and used the clustering algorithm in order to join
the character sets to bigger. The following character sets were the result of
the algorithm:
</p>
<dl>
<dt><code>Arabic</code> (512 glyphs)</dt>
<dd>
<p>
For Arabic, Kurdish in Iran, Pashto, Persian and Urdu.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><code>Armenian</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>
For Armenian.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><code>CyrAsia</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Suitable for some of the non-Slavic Cyrillic languages - Abkhazia, Avaric,
Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Buryat, Chechen, Chuvash, Inupiaq (Eskimo), Kara-Kalpak,
Kazakh, Kirgiz, Komi, Kumyk, Kurdish, Lezghian, Mari (Cheremis), Mongolian,
Ossetic, Selkup (Ostyak- Samoyed), Tajik, Tatar, Turkmen, Tuvinian, Uzbek and
Yakut.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><code>CyrKoi</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Covers entirely KOI8-R and KOI8-U. Suitable for Russian and Ukrainian.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><code>CyrSlav</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Covers entirely ISO-8859-5 and CP1251. Suitable for the Slavic Cyrillic
languages - Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian and Ukrainian.
For Serbian both the Cyrillic and the Latin alphabets are supported.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><code>Ethiopian</code> (512 glyphs)</dt>
<dd>
<p>
For Amharic, Ethiopic (Geez), Tigre and Tigrinya.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><code>Georgian</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>
For Georgian.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><code>Greek</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>
For Greek.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><code>Hebrew</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>
For Hebrew and Yiddish.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><code>Lao</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>
For Lao.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><code>Lat15</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Covers entirely ISO-8859-1, ISO-8859-9 and ISO-8859-15. Suitable for the so
called Latin1 and Latin5 languages - Afar, Afrikaans, Albanian, Aragonese,
Asturian, Aymara, Basque, Bislama, Breton, Catalan, Chamorro, Danish, Dutch,
English, Estonian, Faroese, Fijian, Finnish, French, Frisian, Friulian,
Galician, German, Hiri Motu, Icelandic, Ido, Indonesian, Interlingua,
Interlingue, Italian, Low Saxon, Lule Sami, Luxembourgish, Malagasy, Manx
Gaelic, Norwegian Bokmal, Norwegian Nynorsk, Occitan, Oromo or Galla,
Portuguese, Rhaeto-Romance (Romansch), Scots Gaelic, Somali, South Sami,
Spanish, Swahili, Swedish, Tswana, Turkish, Volapuk, Votic, Walloon, Xhosa,
Yapese and Zulu.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><code>Lat2</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Covers entirely ISO-8859-2. The Euro sign and the Romanian letters with comma
below are also supported. Suitable for the so called Latin2 languages -
Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian and
Sorbian (lower and upper).
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><code>Lat38</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Covers entirely ISO-8859-3 and ISO-8859-14. Suitable for Chichewa Esperanto,
Irish, Maltese and Welsh.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><code>Lat7</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Covers entirely ISO-8859-13. Suitable for Lithuanian, Latvian, Maori and
Marshallese.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><code>Thai</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>
For Thai.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><code>Uni1</code> (512 glyphs)</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Supports most of the Latin languages, the Slavic Cyrillic languages, Hebrew and
barely Arabic.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><code>Uni2</code> (512 glyphs)</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Supports most of the Latin languages, the Slavic Cyrillic languages and Greek.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><code>Uni3</code> (512 glyphs)</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Supports most of the Latin and Cyrillic languages.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><code>Vietnamese</code> (512 glyphs)</dt>
<dd>
<p>
For Vietnamese
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>
These character sets are described in files in the directory
<code>Fonts/fontsets</code>. These files list the unicodes of the symbols of
the character set, one per line. Comments starting with a sharp sign are also
allowed.
</p>
<p>
There two more special character sets in the files <code>required.set</code>
and <code>useful.set</code>. The first of them lists the symbols that every
console font is obligated to support. There two classes of obligatory
symbols—the ASCII symbols and the symbols from the so called alternate
character set (see section "Line Graphics" of
<code>terminfo(5)</code>). Notice that in order to limit itself to the cp437
character set, the Linux console driver does some approximations of the symbols
from the alternate character set. For example it prints U+256A (BOX DRAWINGS
VERTICAL SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE) instead of the not-equal sign. The file
<code>required.set</code> lists the symbols used by the Linux console driver
(i.e. U+256A instead of the not-equal sign).
</p>
<p>
In most cases there is more available space in the fonts than nacessary. The
spare codes are filled with the symbols from the <code>useful.set</code>
special character set. On the command line of <code>bdf2psf</code> a colon is
used before the name of <code>useful.set</code> so no warnings are issued if
there is no space in the font for some of these symbols.
</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="s-equivalence">2.3 Equivalence files</h2>
<p>
The equivalence files define an equivalence relation between unicodes. The
sharp sign is used for comments, the empty lines are ignored. All other lines
should list two or more unicodes. Only one glyph will be allocated in the PSF
font for these unicodes.
</p>
<p>
Example:
</p>
<pre>
U+2126 U+03A9
# U+2126: OHM SIGN
# U+03A9: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA
U+041D U+0048
# U+041D: CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN
# U+0048: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H
</pre>
<p>
This equivalence file says that U+2126 (the Ohm sign) and U+03A9 (Omega) have
the same look so only one glyph is enough for them. And also U+041D (Cyrillic
En) and U+0048 (Latin H) look the same.
</p>
<p>
Two equivalence files are used—<code>standard.equivalents</code> and
<code>arabic.equivalents</code>. The first is used for all fonts. The second
is used only for the fonts with character set Uni1, its purpose is to reduce
the number of the necessary glyphs for the Arabic letters at the cost of the
font quality.
</p>
<hr>
<p>
[ <a href="ch1.html">previous</a> ]
[ <a href="index.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
[ <a href="ch1.html">1</a> ]
[ 2 ]
[ <a href="ch3.html">3</a> ]
[ <a href="ch4.html">4</a> ]
[ <a href="ch-ckbcomp.html">5</a> ]
[ <a href="ch3.html">next</a> ]
</p>
<hr>
<p>
The Hackers Guide for <samp>console-setup</samp>
</p>
<address>
Anton Zinoviev <code><a href="mailto:anton@lml.bas.bg">mailto:anton@lml.bas.bg</a></code><br>
<br>
</address>
<hr>
</body>
</html>
|
