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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/><title>userdb</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"/><link rel="home" href="#userdb" title="userdb"/><link xmlns="" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="manpage.css"/><meta xmlns="" name="MSSmartTagsPreventParsing" content="TRUE"/><link xmlns="" rel="icon" href="icon.gif" type="image/gif"/><!--
Copyright 1998 - 2009 Double Precision, Inc. See COPYING for distribution
information.
--></head><body><div class="refentry"><a id="userdb" shape="rect"> </a><div class="titlepage"/><div class="refnamediv"><h2>Name</h2><p>userdb — manipulate @userdb@</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">userdb</code> {<em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em>} set {<em class="replaceable"><code>field</code></em>=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em>...}</p></div><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">userdb</code> {<em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em>} unset {<em class="replaceable"><code>field</code></em>...}</p></div><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">userdb</code> {<em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em>} del </p></div><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">userdb</code> {<em class="replaceable"><code>path/addr</code></em>} [ set | unset | del ] ... </p></div><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">userdb</code> -f {<em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em>} {<em class="replaceable"><code>adr</code></em>} [ set | unset | del ] ... </p></div><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">userdb</code> -show {<em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em>}</p></div><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">userdb</code> -show {<em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em>} {<em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em>}</p></div><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">userdb</code> -show -f {<em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em>}</p></div><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">userdb</code> -show -f {<em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em>} {<em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em>}</p></div></div><div class="refsect1"><a id="userdb_description" shape="rect"> </a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2><p>
<span class="command"><strong>userdb</strong></span> is a convenient script to individually manipulate
entries in <code class="filename">@userdb@</code>. See
<a class="ulink" href="makeuserdb.html" target="_top" shape="rect"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">makeuserdb</span>(8)</span></a>
for a description of its contents. <code class="filename">@userdb@</code> can always
be edited using any text editor, but <span class="command"><strong>userdb</strong></span> is a
convenient way to modify this file from another script.</p><p>
<code class="filename">@userdb@</code> can also be a subdirectory, instead of a file.
Specify <code class="option"><em class="replaceable"><code>foo/bar/addr</code></em></code> to manipulate
<code class="option"><em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></code> in the file
<code class="filename">@userdb@<em class="replaceable"><code>/foo/bar</code></em></code>. You can
also use the
<code class="option">-f</code> flag: <code class="option">-f
<em class="replaceable"><code>@userdb@/foo/bar</code></em></code> is equivalent. Use
whatever form makes the most sense to you.</p><p>
<code class="filename">@userdb@</code> must not have any group or world
permissions. That's
because its contents may include system passwords (depending upon the
application which uses this virtual user account database).</p><p>
Each line in <code class="filename">@userdb@</code> takes following form:</p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><code class="computeroutput">
<em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em><span class="token"><TAB></span><em class="replaceable"><code>field</code></em>=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em>|<em class="replaceable"><code>field</code></em>=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em>...
</code></blockquote></div><p>
<em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em> specifies a unique virtual address. It
is followed by a single
tab character, then a list of
<em class="replaceable"><code>field</code></em>=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em> pairs,
separated by
vertical slash characters. See
<a class="ulink" href="makeuserdb.html" target="_top" shape="rect"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">makeuserdb</span>(8)</span></a>
for field definitions.</p><p>
A text editor can be used to add blank lines or comments in
<code class="filename">@userdb@</code>. Any blank lines or comments are ignored by the
<span class="command"><strong>userdb</strong></span> script.</p><p>
The names of the actual fields, and their contents, are defined entirely by
applications that use the <code class="filename">@userdb@</code> database, the
<span class="command"><strong>userdb</strong></span> command just adds or removes arbitrary fields.</p><p>
For example:</p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="informalexample"><div class="literallayout"><p><span class="command"><strong>userdb default/info set mail=/home/mail/info</strong></span></p></div></div></blockquote></div><p>
This command accesses the address "info" in
<code class="filename">@userdb@/default</code>.</p><p>
If the second argument to <span class="command"><strong>userdb</strong></span> is
"<em class="parameter"><code>set</code></em>", the
remaining arguments are taken as
<em class="parameter"><code><em class="replaceable"><code>field</code></em>=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></code></em> pairs, which are
added to the record for <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em>. If there is no
record for <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em>, a
new record will be appended to the file. If
<em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em> exists, any existing
values of any specified fields are removed. If
<em class="parameter"><code>=<em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em></code></em> is missing,
<span class="command"><strong>userdb</strong></span> stops and prompts for it. This is useful if
you're setting
a password field, where you do not want to specify the password on the command
line, which can be seen by the
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ps</span>(1)</span>
command. If <span class="command"><strong>userdb</strong></span> is being
executed by a script, the value can be provided on standard input.</p><p>Use "<em class="parameter"><code>unset</code></em>" to delete fields from an existing
record. Use
"<em class="parameter"><code>del</code></em>" to delete all fields in the existing record,
plus the record itself.</p><div class="refsect2"><a id="userdb_displaying__userdb_" shape="rect"> </a><h3>DISPLAYING <code class="filename">@userdb@</code></h3><p>
If the first argument to userdb
is <em class="parameter"><code>-show</code></em>, <span class="command"><strong>userdb</strong></span>
displays the contents of <code class="filename">@userdb@</code>. If
<code class="filename">@userdb@</code> is a
subdirectory,
<em class="parameter"><code><em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></code></em> must refer to a
specific file in <code class="filename">@userdb@</code>. The
<em class="parameter"><code>-f</code></em> option can be used instead of
<em class="parameter"><code><em class="replaceable"><code>path</code></em></code></em> in order to specify an
arbitrary file.</p><p>
If
<em class="parameter"><code><em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></code></em> is not specified,
<span class="command"><strong>userdb</strong></span> produces a list, on standard
output, containing all addresses found in the file, on per line. If
<em class="parameter"><code><em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></code></em> is specified,
<span class="command"><strong>userdb</strong></span> produces a list, on standard output, of
all the fields in <code class="filename">@userdb@</code> for this
<em class="parameter"><code><em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></code></em>.</p></div><div class="refsect2"><a id="userdb_international_domains" shape="rect"> </a><h3>International domains</h3><p>
<em class="parameter"><code><em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></code></em>s
with international domains should use UTF-8 to specify an
international domain name:
</p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="informalexample"><div class="literallayout"><p><span class="command"><strong><br clear="none"/>
userdb postmaster@test.испытание set \<br clear="none"/>
home=/home/postmaster.test.com uid=999 gid=999</strong></span></p></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div class="refsect2"><a id="userdb_rebuilding__userdb__dat" shape="rect"> </a><h3>REBUILDING <code class="filename">@userdb@.dat</code></h3><p>
The actual virtual account/address database is
<code class="filename">@userdb@.dat</code>.
This is a binary database file. <span class="command"><strong>@userdb@</strong></span> is the plain text
version. After running <span class="command"><strong>userdb</strong></span>, execute the
<a class="ulink" href="makeuserdb.html" target="_top" shape="rect"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">makeuserdb</span>(8)</span></a> command to rebuild
<code class="filename">@userdb@.dat</code> for the changes to take effect.</p></div></div><div class="refsect1"><a id="userdb_bugs" shape="rect"> </a><h2>BUGS</h2><p>
<em class="parameter"><code><em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></code></em> must be unique.
If <code class="filename">@userdb@</code> is a subdirectory,
it's possible to create the same
<em class="parameter"><code><em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></code></em>
in different files in the subdirectory.
This is an error that is not currently detected by <span class="command"><strong>userdb</strong></span>,
however the subsequent
<a class="ulink" href="makeuserdb.html" target="_top" shape="rect"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">makeuserdb</span>(8)</span></a> command
will fail with an error message.</p></div><div class="refsect1"><a id="userdb_files" shape="rect"> </a><h2>FILES</h2><p>
<code class="filename"> @userdb@</code> - plain text file, or directory of plain text files</p><p>
<code class="filename"> .lock.filename</code> - lock file for <code class="filename">filename</code></p><p>
<code class="filename"> .tmp.filename</code> - temporary file used to create new contents of <code class="filename">filename</code></p></div><div class="refsect1"><a id="userdb_see_also" shape="rect"> </a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2><p>
<a class="ulink" href="makeuserdb.html" target="_top" shape="rect"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">makeuserdb</span>(8)</span></a>,
<a class="ulink" href="userdbpw.html" target="_top" shape="rect"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">userdbpw</span>(8)</span></a></p></div></div></body></html>
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