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/* #############################################################################
* code for general security like handling the memory protection
* #############################################################################
* Copyright (C) 2005-2009 Harry Brueckner
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
* the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
* Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or any later version.
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
* FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more
* details.
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
* this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
* 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
*
* Contact: Harry Brueckner <harry_b@mm.st>
* Muenchener Strasse 12a
* 85253 Kleinberghofen
* Germany
* #############################################################################
*/
/* #############################################################################
* includes
*/
#include "cpm.h"
#include <sys/utsname.h>
#if defined(HAVE_SYS_PRCTL_H)
#include <sys/ptrace.h>
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#endif
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <regex.h>
#include "configuration.h"
#include "general.h"
#include "memory.h"
#include "security.h"
#include "string.h"
/* #############################################################################
* internal functions
*/
int checkEnvValue(int showerror, int type, char* value);
int clearEnvironment(void);
/* #############################################################################
* global variables
*/
#define STAT_GREEN "[1;32m"
#define STAT_YELLOW "[1;33m"
#define STAT_RED "[1;31m"
#define STAT_OFF "[0m"
#define STRTYPE_NOCHECK 0
#define STRTYPE_GENERAL 1
#define STRTYPE_ALPHANUMERIC 2
#define STRTYPE_NUMERIC 3
#define STRTYPE_FILENAME 4
#define STRTYPE_PATH 5
/* #############################################################################
*
* Description check a given environ variable for the given type
* Author Harry Brueckner
* Date 2005-05-30
* Arguments int type - expected type of the value
* char* value - string to verify
* Return int 0 if ok, 1 on error
*/
int checkEnvValue(int showerror, int type, char* value)
{
regex_t regex;
int result;
char* errormsg;
char* pattern;
TRACE(99, "checkEnvValue()", NULL);
if (!value)
{
if (showerror)
{ fprintf(stderr, _("can not check null environment variable.\n")); }
return 1;
}
switch (type)
{
case STRTYPE_NOCHECK:
pattern = "^.*$";
break;
case STRTYPE_GENERAL:
pattern = "^[^=]*$";
break;
case STRTYPE_ALPHANUMERIC:
pattern = "^[[:alnum:][:blank:]@_\\.-]*$";
break;
case STRTYPE_NUMERIC:
pattern = "^[[:digit:]]+$";
break;
case STRTYPE_FILENAME:
pattern = "^[[:alnum:][:blank:]_\\.\\:/-]*$";
break;
case STRTYPE_PATH:
pattern = "^[[:alnum:][:blank:]_\\./:]*$";
/* for paths we do some other checks as well */
result = strlen(value);
if (result > 0)
{
if (value[0] == ':' ||
value[result - 1] == ':')
{ return 1; }
}
break;
default:
return 1;
}
result = regcomp(®ex, pattern, REG_EXTENDED | REG_NOSUB);
if (showerror && result)
{
errormsg = memAlloc(__FILE__, __LINE__, STDBUFFERLENGTH);
regerror(result, ®ex, errormsg, STDBUFFERLENGTH);
fprintf(stderr, "regerror: %s\n", errormsg);
memFree(__FILE__, __LINE__, errormsg, STDBUFFERLENGTH);
return 1;
}
result = regexec(®ex, value, 0, NULL, 0);
if (showerror && result)
{
errormsg = memAlloc(__FILE__, __LINE__, STDBUFFERLENGTH);
regerror(result, ®ex, errormsg, STDBUFFERLENGTH);
fprintf(stderr, "regerror: %s\n", errormsg);
memFree(__FILE__, __LINE__, errormsg, STDBUFFERLENGTH);
}
regfree(®ex);
return result;
}
/* #############################################################################
*
* Description check and display the currently used protections
* Author Harry Brueckner
* Date 2005-05-30
* Arguments int silent - 1 for no message display; 0 for messages
* Return level of security (yes answers)
*/
int checkSecurity(int silent)
{
struct rlimit rl;
int level = 0;
/* Flawfinder: ignore */
char memlimit[24];
TRACE(99, "checkSecurity()", NULL);
if (runtime -> memlock_limit == -2)
{ snprintf(memlimit, 24, "%s", "---"); }
else if (runtime -> memlock_limit == -1)
{ snprintf(memlimit, 24, "%s", _("unlimited")); }
else
{
snprintf(memlimit, 24, "%ld kB", (long)runtime -> memlock_limit / 1024);
}
if (!silent)
{ printf("%-50s", _("Running without root privileges:")); }
if (geteuid() && getegid() && getuid() && getgid())
{
if (!silent)
{ printf("%s%s%s\n", STAT_GREEN, _("yes"), STAT_OFF); }
level++;
}
else
{
if (!silent)
{ printf("%s%s%s\n", STAT_RED, _("no"), STAT_OFF); }
}
if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rl) == -1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s, %d)\n",
_("Can not read RLIMIT_CORE resources."),
strerror(errno),
errno
);
return 1;
}
if (!silent)
{ printf("%-50s", _("Memory protection from core dumps:")); }
if (!rl.rlim_cur && !rl.rlim_max)
{
if (!silent)
{ printf("%s%s%s\n", STAT_GREEN, _("yes"), STAT_OFF); }
level++;
}
else
{
if (!silent)
{ printf("%s%s%s\n", STAT_RED, _("no"), STAT_OFF); }
}
#ifndef NO_MEMLOCK
#ifdef HAVE_MLOCKALL
if (!silent)
{ printf("%-50s", _("Memory protection from swap writings:")); }
if (runtime -> memory_safe)
{
if (!silent)
{ printf("%s%s%s\n", STAT_GREEN, _("yes"), STAT_OFF); }
level++;
}
else
{
if (!silent)
{ printf("%s%s%s\n", STAT_RED, _("no"), STAT_OFF); }
}
#ifdef __linux__
if (!silent)
{ printf("%-50s", _("Max. memory lock ok:")); }
if (runtime -> max_mem_lock)
{
if (!silent)
{ printf("%s%s%s (%s)\n", STAT_GREEN, _("yes"), STAT_OFF, memlimit); }
level++;
}
else
{
if (!silent)
{ printf("%s%s%s (%s)\n", STAT_RED, _("no"), STAT_OFF, memlimit); }
}
#endif
#endif
#endif
if (!silent)
{ printf("%-50s", _("Memory protection from ptrace spying:")); }
if (runtime -> ptrace_safe)
{
if (!silent)
{ printf("%s%s%s\n", STAT_GREEN, _("yes"), STAT_OFF); }
level++;
}
else
{
if (!silent)
{ printf("%s%s%s\n", STAT_RED, _("no"), STAT_OFF); }
}
if (!silent)
{
printf("%-50s", _("Validation of environment variables:"));
printf("%s%s%s\n", STAT_GREEN, _("yes"), STAT_OFF);
}
level++;
#if defined(HAVE_CRACKLIB) && defined(CRACKLIB_DICTPATH)
struct stat buf;
if (stat(CRACKLIB_DICTPATH ".pwd", &buf) == -1) {
config->cracklibstatus = CRACKLIB_OFF;
} else {
level++;
}
if (!silent) {
printf("%-50s", _("Cracklib dictionary (" CRACKLIB_DICTPATH"):"));
if (config->cracklibstatus == CRACKLIB_ON) {
printf("%s%s%s\n", STAT_GREEN, _("yes"), STAT_OFF);
} else {
printf("%s%s%s\n", STAT_RED, _("no"), STAT_OFF);
}
}
#else
if (!silent) {
printf("%-50s", _("Cracklib dictionary:"));
printf("%s%s%s\n", STAT_YELLOW, _("not_"), STAT_OFF);
}
level++;
#endif
return level;
}
/* #############################################################################
*
* Description clear the program environment and check all variables
* Author Harry Brueckner
* Date 2005-05-30
* Arguments void
* Return 1 on error, 0 if all is ok
*/
#define PutEnv(eptr, ptr, ctype, name, value) \
if (value) \
{ \
if (checkEnvValue(0, ctype, value)) \
{ \
fprintf(stderr, _("illegal environment variable found (%s%s).\n"), name, value); \
return 1; \
} \
ptr = strNewcat(name, value); \
/* we must use malloc here because we can't free this string again */ \
eptr = malloc(strlen(ptr) + 1); \
if (eptr) \
{ \
/* Flawfinder: ignore */ \
strcpy(eptr, ptr); \
if (putenv(eptr)) \
{ \
fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s, %s, %d)\n", \
_("Unable to set the environment"), \
eptr, \
strerror(errno), \
errno \
); \
memFreeString(__FILE__, __LINE__, ptr); \
return 1; \
} \
} \
else \
{ \
memFreeString(__FILE__, __LINE__, ptr); \
return 1; \
} \
memFreeString(__FILE__, __LINE__, ptr); \
}
int clearEnvironment(void)
{
extern char** environ;
char* columns;
char* gnupghome;
char* gpg_agent_info;
char* home;
char* lang;
char* lc;
char* lcm;
char* lines;
char* no_utf8_acs;
char* term;
char* termcap;
char* eptr;
char* ptr;
TRACE(99, "clearEnvironment()", NULL);
/* Flawfinder: ignore */
columns = getenv("COLUMNS");
/* Flawfinder: ignore */
gnupghome = getenv("GNUPGHOME");
/* Flawfinder: ignore */
gpg_agent_info = getenv("GPG_AGENT_INFO");
/* Flawfinder: ignore */
home = getenv("HOME");
/* Flawfinder: ignore */
lang = getenv("LANG");
/* Flawfinder: ignore */
lc = getenv("LC_ALL");
/* Flawfinder: ignore */
lcm = getenv("LC_MESSAGES");
/* Flawfinder: ignore */
lines = getenv("LINES");
/* Flawfinder: ignore */
no_utf8_acs = getenv("NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS");
/* Flawfinder: ignore */
termcap = getenv("TERMCAP");
/* Flawfinder: ignore */
term = getenv("TERM");
/* we clear the environment */
#ifdef HAVE_CLEARENV
if (clearenv())
{
fprintf(stderr, _("clearenv() reported an error.\n"));
return 1;
}
#elif HAVE_UNSETENV
while (environ && environ[0])
{
int i;
ptr = environ[0];
i = 0;
/* count how many chars the variable name has */
while (ptr[i] && ptr[i] != '=')
{ i++; }
if (ptr[i] == '=')
{ /* we really found a variable */
eptr = memAlloc(__FILE__, __LINE__, i + 1);
strStrncpy(eptr, ptr, i + 1);
/* unset the variable */
if (unsetenv(eptr))
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s, %s, %d)\n",
_("Unable to unset the environment"),
eptr,
strerror(errno),
errno
);
}
memFree(__FILE__, __LINE__, eptr, i + 1);
}
}
#endif
/* general */
PutEnv(eptr, ptr, STRTYPE_ALPHANUMERIC, "LANG=", lang);
PutEnv(eptr, ptr, STRTYPE_ALPHANUMERIC, "LC_ALL=", lc);
PutEnv(eptr, ptr, STRTYPE_ALPHANUMERIC, "LC_MESSAGES=", lcm);
PutEnv(eptr, ptr, STRTYPE_FILENAME, "HOME=", home);
/* terminal */
PutEnv(eptr, ptr, STRTYPE_NUMERIC, "COLUMNS=", columns);
PutEnv(eptr, ptr, STRTYPE_NUMERIC, "LINES=", lines);
PutEnv(eptr, ptr, STRTYPE_NUMERIC, "NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS=", no_utf8_acs);
PutEnv(eptr, ptr, STRTYPE_ALPHANUMERIC, "TERM=", term);
PutEnv(eptr, ptr, STRTYPE_NOCHECK, "TERMCAP=", termcap);
/* GPG */
PutEnv(eptr, ptr, STRTYPE_FILENAME, "GNUPGHOME=", gnupghome);
PutEnv(eptr, ptr, STRTYPE_FILENAME, "GPG_AGENT_INFO=", gpg_agent_info);
return 0;
}
#undef PutEnv
int check_kernel_version()
{
struct utsname uts;
if(uname(&uts) == -1){
fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s, %d)\n",
_("Failed to discover kernel version."),
strerror(errno), errno);
}else if(!strncmp(uts.sysname, "Linux", 5)){
int maj,min,rel;
if(sscanf(uts.release, "%d.%d.%d", &maj, &min, &rel) != 3) {
// maybe it's a 3.10-rc3 release.
if(sscanf(uts.release, "%d.%d", &maj, &min) != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s, %d)\n",
_("Failed to scan kernel release."),
strerror(errno),errno);
return 0;
}
rel = 9; // instead of passing garbage
}
//fprintf(stdout, "kernel rel: %d.%d\n", maj, min);
if(maj > 2 ||
(maj == 2 && min > 6) ||
(maj == 2 && min == 6 && rel >= 9))
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
/* #############################################################################
*
* Description enable the protection mechanism and drop all privileges
* Author Harry Brueckner
* Date 2005-05-30
* Arguments int* max_mem_lock - the max memory lock flag
* int* memory_safe - the memory status flag
* int* ptrace_safe - the ptrace status flag
* rlim_t* memlock_limit - the current memory limit
* Return 1 on error, 0 if all is ok
*/
int initSecurity(int* max_mem_lock, int* memory_safe, int* ptrace_safe,
rlim_t* memlock_limit)
{
struct rlimit rl;
int canary;
#ifndef NO_MEMLOCK
#ifdef HAVE_MLOCKALL
int result;
#endif
#endif
TRACE(99, "initSecurity()", NULL);
/* we initialize our flags */
*memlock_limit = -2;
*max_mem_lock = 0;
*memory_safe = 0;
*ptrace_safe = 0;
#if defined(_SYS_PTRACE_H) && !defined(TRACE_DEBUG)
/* Try to fork a child which then ptrace attaches to it's parent
* This will safely prevent other processes (even root) to be able to attach to us */
{
pid_t p0, p;
int status;
p0 = getpid();
p = fork();
if (p == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not fork: %s\n", strerror(errno));
_exit(1);
}
if (p == 0) {
#if defined(HAVE_SYS_PRCTL_H)
// makes the child unattachable
if (prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE, 0, 0, 0, 0) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Can not set child non dumpable\n");
_exit(1);
}
#endif
// kFreeBSD wants PT_*
#if !defined(PT_ATTACH)
#define PT_ATTACH PTRACE_ATTACH
#endif
// while SPARC doesn't have these, due to glibc bug
#if !defined(PT_SYSCALL)
#define PT_SYSCALL PTRACE_SYSCALL
#endif
if (ptrace(PT_ATTACH, p0, 0, 0) != 0) {
// someone is already attached to us;
fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Can't attach to parent, ptrace safety *not* obtained!\n");
// shoot the parent in the head
// kill(p0, SIGKILL);
_exit(1);
}
while (1) {
if(ptrace(PT_SYSCALL, p0, 0, 0) == 0)
waitpid(p0, &status, 0);
if(errno == ESRCH && kill(p0, 0) == -1)
exit(0); // parent is dead
}
_exit(0);
}
*ptrace_safe = 1;
}
#endif
/* drop eventual group root privileges; this must be done twice to
* counter "saved IDs" see Secure Programming HowTo
*/
setgid(getgid());
setgid(getgid());
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_FSUID_H
setfsgid(getgid());
setfsgid(getgid());
#endif
/* mlockall() can be used to avoid swapping
* check if rlimits are fungible
* >= 2.6.9: privileged users dont get limited, regular users get limit
* < 2.6.9: users cant mlock, privileged users can lock up to mlock limit
*
* If we trip the limit, mlockall() won't fail, but the program might segfault,
* so this code checks the limit.
*/
int euid = geteuid();
#ifndef NO_MEMLOCK
#ifdef HAVE_MLOCKALL
#ifdef __linux__
int user_can_mlock = check_kernel_version();
if(getrlimit(RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, &rl) == -1){
fprintf(stderr, "getting memlock limits:%s\n",
strerror(errno));
}else{
int orig_limit = rl.rlim_cur;
if(user_can_mlock){
// 2.6.9
int do_setrlim = 0;
if(rl.rlim_cur == -1){
// unlimited
*max_mem_lock = 1;
}else if(!euid){
// root
rl.rlim_max = -1;
rl.rlim_cur = -1;
do_setrlim = 1;
}else if(
rl.rlim_max >= MEMLOCK_LIMIT * 1024){
// we have enough
if(rl.rlim_cur < rl.rlim_max){
rl.rlim_cur = rl.rlim_max;
do_setrlim = 1;
}else{
*max_mem_lock = 1;
}
}
if(do_setrlim){
if(setrlimit(RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, &rl) == -1){
fprintf(stderr, "setting memlock limits:%s\n",
strerror(errno));
rl.rlim_cur = orig_limit;
}else{
*max_mem_lock = 1;
}
}
}else if(!euid){ // <2.6.9, user cant mlock but we are root
// root can mlock and raise up to max, but has to obey
if( rl.rlim_max >= MEMLOCK_LIMIT * 1024){
// we have enough
if(rl.rlim_cur == rl.rlim_max) {
*max_mem_lock = 1;
}else{
// raise to max
rl.rlim_cur = rl.rlim_max;
if(setrlimit(RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, &rl) == -1){
fprintf(stderr, "root setting memlock limits:%s\n",
strerror(errno));
rl.rlim_cur = orig_limit;
}else{
*max_mem_lock = 1;
}
}
}
}
*memlock_limit = rl.rlim_cur;
if(*max_mem_lock){
/* pointcut: limit is ok, do the memlock */
result = mlockall(MCL_CURRENT | MCL_FUTURE);
if(result){
fprintf(stderr, "memlock:%s\n",
strerror(errno));
return 1;
}else{
*memory_safe = 1; // win!
}
}
}
#elif __sun__
if(!euid){
/* not so much root, actually it's more like PRIV_SYS_CONFIG, but
* well cross that bridge when we reach it.
* we dont have any limit, so locking should always work */
*max_mem_lock = 1;
/* lock the memory */
result = mlockall(MCL_CURRENT | MCL_FUTURE);
if (result) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n",
_("The process is suid root, but memory paging can't be locked."));
return 1;
} else {
*memory_safe = 1;
}
}
#endif
#endif
#endif
if(!euid){
/* drop root privileges */
setuid(getuid());
setuid(getuid());
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_FSUID_H
setfsuid(getuid());
setfsuid(getuid());
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_FSUID_H
if (getuid() && (!setuid(0) || !setfsuid(0)))
#else
if (getuid() && !setuid(0))
#endif
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d)\n", _("Cannot drop root privileges."),
__LINE__);
return 1;
}
*ptrace_safe = 1;
}
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_FSUID_H
if (getuid() && (!setgid(0) || !setfsgid(0)))
#else
if (getuid() && !setgid(0))
#endif
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d)\n", _("Cannot drop root privileges."),
__LINE__);
return 1;
}
/* set core dump generation */
rl.rlim_cur = rl.rlim_max = 0;
setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rl);
/* validate core dump generation */
if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rl) == -1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s, %d)\n",
_("Can not read RLIMIT_CORE resources."),
strerror(errno),
errno
);
return 1;
}
if (rl.rlim_cur || rl.rlim_max)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n",
_("Cannot disable core file generation.")
);
return 1;
}
/* to have a default for the filemask, we call umask - even if it's not
* used anywhere
*/
umask(0022);
/* check that stderr, stdin and stdout are opened */
/* NOTE: no file must be opened before this test! */
canary = dup(0);
close(canary);
if (canary < 3)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", _("stdin, stdout and/or stderr are invalid."));
return 1;
}
return clearEnvironment();
}
/* #############################################################################
*
* Description display the current environment, displayed after cleanup
* Author Harry Brueckner
* Date 2008-09-28
* Arguments void
* Return void
*/
void listEnvironment(void)
{
int i;
extern char** environ;
TRACE(99, "listEnvironment()", NULL);
printf("Environment:\n");
if (!environ)
{
printf("No environment found.\n");
return;
}
for (i = 0; environ[i] && environ[i]; i++)
{ printf("%s\n", environ[i]); }
}
/* #############################################################################
*
* Description run several tests against the pattern matcher
* Author Harry Brueckner
* Date 2005-05-30
* Arguments void
* Return void
*/
#define runTestOk(name, id, type, value) \
result = checkEnvValue(1, type, value); \
fprintf(stderr, "%s #%d: %s (%d)\n", \
name, id, result ? "[1;31merror[0m" : "[1;32mok[0m", result);
#define runTestError(name, id, type, value) \
result = checkEnvValue(1, type, value); \
fprintf(stderr, "%s #%d: %s (%d)\n", \
name, id, result ? "[1;32mok[0m" : "[1;31merror[0m", result);
void testEnvironment(void)
{
int id,
result;
TRACE(99, "testEnvironment()", NULL);
/* a general variable might contain everything except the '=' sign */
id = 0;
runTestOk("general", ++id, STRTYPE_GENERAL, "test this");
runTestError("general", ++id, STRTYPE_GENERAL, "test=this");
/* a variable might containing alphanumeric values */
id = 0;
runTestOk("alpha", ++id, STRTYPE_ALPHANUMERIC, "abcABC123_. ");
runTestOk("alpha", ++id, STRTYPE_ALPHANUMERIC, "abcABC-123_. ");
runTestError("alpha", ++id, STRTYPE_ALPHANUMERIC, "illegal value <>");
/* a variable must be an integer */
id = 0;
runTestOk("numeric", ++id, STRTYPE_NUMERIC, "1234");
runTestError("numeric", ++id, STRTYPE_NUMERIC, "abc123def");
runTestError("numeric", ++id, STRTYPE_NUMERIC, "123def");
runTestError("numeric", ++id, STRTYPE_NUMERIC, "abc123");
runTestError("numeric", ++id, STRTYPE_NUMERIC, "123.123");
runTestError("numeric", ++id, STRTYPE_NUMERIC, "123-123");
/* a variable must be a filename or directory */
id = 0;
runTestOk("filename", ++id, STRTYPE_FILENAME, "/home/harry");
runTestOk("filename", ++id, STRTYPE_FILENAME, "/home/harry/12345.jpg");
runTestOk("filename", ++id, STRTYPE_FILENAME, "/home/harry/im-age.jpg");
runTestOk("filename", ++id, STRTYPE_FILENAME, "/home/harry/image.jpg");
runTestOk("filename", ++id, STRTYPE_FILENAME, "/home/harry/IMAGE.jpg");
runTestOk("filename", ++id, STRTYPE_FILENAME, "/home/harry/another image.jpg");
runTestOk("filename", ++id, STRTYPE_FILENAME, "/home/harry/../harry/");
runTestOk("filename", ++id, STRTYPE_FILENAME, "/tmp/gpg-abcdef/S.gpg-agent:12345:1");
/* a variable must be a path */
id = 0;
runTestOk("path", ++id, STRTYPE_PATH, "/dir1");
runTestOk("path", ++id, STRTYPE_PATH, "/dir1:/dir2:/dir3");
runTestOk("path", ++id, STRTYPE_PATH, "/dir1:/dumb dir");
runTestError("path", ++id, STRTYPE_PATH, ":/dir1");
runTestError("path", ++id, STRTYPE_PATH, "/dir1:");
runTestError("path", ++id, STRTYPE_PATH, ":/dir1:");
}
/* #############################################################################
*/
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