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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/fopen.html" title="c/io/fopen"><span class="t-lines"><span>fopen</span><span>fopen_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/freopen.html" title="c/io/freopen"><span class="t-lines"><span>freopen</span><span>freopen_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/fwide.html" title="c/io/fwide"><span class="t-lines"><span>fwide</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/setbuf.html" title="c/io/setbuf"><span class="t-lines"><span>setbuf</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/setvbuf.html" title="c/io/setvbuf"><span class="t-lines"><span>setvbuf</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/fclose.html" title="c/io/fclose"><span class="t-lines"><span>fclose</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/fflush.html" title="c/io/fflush"><span class="t-lines"><span>fflush</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Direct input/output</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/fread.html" title="c/io/fread"><span class="t-lines"><span>fread</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/fwrite.html" title="c/io/fwrite"><span class="t-lines"><span>fwrite</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Unformatted input/output</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/fgetc.html" title="c/io/fgetc"><span class="t-lines"><span>fgetc</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/fgets.html" title="c/io/fgets"><span class="t-lines"><span>fgets</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/fputc.html" title="c/io/fputc"><span class="t-lines"><span>fputc</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/fputs.html" title="c/io/fputs"><span class="t-lines"><span>fputs</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/getchar.html" title="c/io/getchar"><span class="t-lines"><span>getchar</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/gets.html" title="c/io/gets"><span class="t-lines"><span>gets</span><span>gets_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-c11">(until C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(since C11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/putchar.html" title="c/io/putchar"><span class="t-lines"><span>putchar</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/puts.html" title="c/io/puts"><span class="t-lines"><span>puts</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/ungetc.html" title="c/io/ungetc"><span class="t-lines"><span>ungetc</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/fgetwc.html" title="c/io/fgetwc"><span class="t-lines"><span>fgetwc</span><span>getwc</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/fgetws.html" title="c/io/fgetws"><span class="t-lines"><span>fgetws</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/fputwc.html" title="c/io/fputwc"><span class="t-lines"><span>fputwc</span><span>putwc</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/fputws.html" title="c/io/fputws"><span class="t-lines"><span>fputws</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/getwchar.html" title="c/io/getwchar"><span class="t-lines"><span>getwchar</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/putwchar.html" title="c/io/putwchar"><span class="t-lines"><span>putwchar</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/ungetwc.html" title="c/io/ungetwc"><span class="t-lines"><span>ungetwc</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Formatted input</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/fscanf.html" title="c/io/fscanf"><span class="t-lines"><span>scanf</span><span>fscanf</span><span>sscanf</span><span>scanf_s</span><span>fscanf_s</span><span>sscanf_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/fwscanf.html" title="c/io/fwscanf"><span class="t-lines"><span>wscanf</span><span>fwscanf</span><span>swscanf</span><span>wscanf_s</span><span>fwscanf_s</span><span>swscanf_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/vfscanf.html" title="c/io/vfscanf"><span class="t-lines"><span>vscanf</span><span>vfscanf</span><span>vsscanf</span><span>vscanf_s</span><span>vfscanf_s</span><span>vsscanf_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/vfwscanf.html" title="c/io/vfwscanf"><span class="t-lines"><span>vwscanf</span><span>vfwscanf</span><span>vswscanf</span><span>vwscanf_s</span><span>vfwscanf_s</span><span>vswscanf_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Formatted output</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/fprintf.html" title="c/io/fprintf"><span class="t-lines"><span>printf</span><span>fprintf</span><span>sprintf</span><span>snprintf</span><span>printf_s</span><span>fprintf_s</span><span>sprintf_s</span><span>snprintf_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/fwprintf.html" title="c/io/fwprintf"><span class="t-lines"><span>wprintf</span><span>fwprintf</span><span>swprintf</span><span>wprintf_s</span><span>fwprintf_s</span><span>swprintf_s</span><span>snwprintf_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/vfprintf.html" title="c/io/vfprintf"><span class="t-lines"><span>vprintf</span><span>vfprintf</span><span>vsprintf</span><span>vsnprintf</span><span>vprintf_s</span><span>vfprintf_s</span><span>vsprintf_s</span><span>vsnprintf_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/vfwprintf.html" title="c/io/vfwprintf"><span class="t-lines"><span>vwprintf</span><span>vfwprintf</span><span>vswprintf</span><span>vwprintf_s</span><span>vfwprintf_s</span><span>vswprintf_s</span><span>vsnwprintf_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<p><br />
</p>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> File positioning</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/ftell.html" title="c/io/ftell"><span class="t-lines"><span>ftell</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/fgetpos.html" title="c/io/fgetpos"><span class="t-lines"><span>fgetpos</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/fseek.html" title="c/io/fseek"><span class="t-lines"><span>fseek</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/fsetpos.html" title="c/io/fsetpos"><span class="t-lines"><span>fsetpos</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/rewind.html" title="c/io/rewind"><span class="t-lines"><span>rewind</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Error handling</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/clearerr.html" title="c/io/clearerr"><span class="t-lines"><span>clearerr</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/feof.html" title="c/io/feof"><span class="t-lines"><span>feof</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/ferror.html" title="c/io/ferror"><span class="t-lines"><span>ferror</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/perror.html" title="c/io/perror"><span class="t-lines"><span>perror</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Operations on files</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/remove.html" title="c/io/remove"><span class="t-lines"><span>remove</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/rename.html" title="c/io/rename"><span class="t-lines"><span>rename</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/tmpfile.html" title="c/io/tmpfile"><span class="t-lines"><span>tmpfile</span><span>tmpfile_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="io/tmpnam.html" title="c/io/tmpnam"><span class="t-lines"><span>tmpnam</span><span>tmpnam_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div><div><span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/navbar_content&action=edit">[edit]</a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div></div>
<p>The <code><stdio.h></code> header provides generic file operation support and supplies functions with narrow character input/output capabilities.
</p><p>The <code><wchar.h></code> header supplies functions with wide character input/output capabilities.
</p><p>I/O streams are objects of type <span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">FILE</strong></span> that can only be accessed and manipulated through pointers of type <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">FILE<span class="sy2">*</span></span></span> (Note: while it may be possible to create a local object of type <span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">FILE</strong></span> by dereferencing and copying a valid <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">FILE<span class="sy2">*</span></span></span>, using the address of such copy in the I/O functions is undefined behavior). Each stream is associated with an external physical device (file, standard input stream, printer, serial port, etc).
</p><p>I/O streams can be used for both unformatted and formatted input and output. They are locale-sensitive and may perform wide/multibyte conversions as necessary. All streams access the same locale object: the one most recently installed with <span class="t-lc"><a href="locale/setlocale.html" title="c/locale/setlocale">setlocale</a></span>.
</p><p>Besides the system-specific information necessary to access the device (e.g. a POSIX file descriptor), each stream object holds the following:
</p>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span> Character width: unset, narrow, or wide</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> Buffering state: unbuffered, line-buffered, fully buffered.</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3)</span> The buffer, which may be replaced by an external, user-provided buffer.</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">4)</span> I/O mode: input, output, or update (both input and output).</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">5)</span> Binary/text mode indicator.</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">6)</span> End-of-file status indicator.</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">7)</span> Error status indicator.</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">8)</span> File position indicator (an object of type <span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">fpos_t</strong></span>), which, for wide character streams, includes the parse state (an object of type <span class="t-lc"><a href="string/multibyte/mbstate_t.html" title="c/string/multibyte/mbstate t">mbstate_t</a></span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span>).</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">9)</span> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span> Reentrant lock used to prevent data races when multiple threads read, write, position, or query the position of a stream.</div>
<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="io.html#Narrow_and_wide_orientation"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Narrow and wide orientation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="io.html#Binary_and_text_modes"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Binary and text modes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="io.html#Functions"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Functions</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="io.html#File_access"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">File access</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="io.html#Direct_input.2Foutput"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Direct input/output</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="io.html#Unformatted_input.2Foutput"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Unformatted input/output</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="io.html#Narrow_character"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Narrow character</span></span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="io.html#Wide_character"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Wide character</span></span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="io.html#Formatted_input.2Foutput"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Formatted input/output</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="io.html#Narrow_character_2"><span class="tocnumber">3.7</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Narrow character</span></span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="io.html#Wide_character_2"><span class="tocnumber">3.8</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Wide character</span></span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="io.html#File_positioning"><span class="tocnumber">3.9</span> <span class="toctext">File positioning</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="io.html#Error_handling"><span class="tocnumber">3.10</span> <span class="toctext">Error handling</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="io.html#Operations_on_files"><span class="tocnumber">3.11</span> <span class="toctext">Operations on files</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="io.html#Types"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Types</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="io.html#Macros"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Macros</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="io.html#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="io.html#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>
<h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=c/io&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Narrow and wide orientation">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Narrow_and_wide_orientation">Narrow and wide orientation</span></h4>
<p>A newly opened stream has no orientation. The first call to <span class="t-lc">fwide</span> or to any I/O function establishes the orientation: wide I/O function makes the stream wide-oriented, narrow I/O function makes the stream narrow-oriented. Once set, orientation can only be changed with <span class="t-lc"><a href="io/freopen.html" title="c/io/freopen">freopen</a></span>. Narrow I/O functions cannot be called on a wide-oriented stream, wide I/O functions cannot be called on a narrow-oriented stream. Wide I/O functions convert between wide and multibyte characters as if by calling <span class="t-lc"><a href="string/multibyte/mbrtowc.html" title="c/string/multibyte/mbrtowc">mbrtowc</a></span> and <span class="t-lc"><a href="string/multibyte/wcrtomb.html" title="c/string/multibyte/wcrtomb">wcrtomb</a></span>. Unlike the multibyte character strings that are valid in a program, multibyte character sequences in the file may contain embedded nulls and do not have to begin or end in the initial shift state.
</p><p>POSIX requires that the LC_CTYPE facet of the currently installed C locale is stored within the stream object the moment its orientation becomes wide, and is used for all future I/O on this stream until the orientation is changed, regardless of any subsequent calls to <span class="t-lc"><a href="locale/setlocale.html" title="c/locale/setlocale">setlocale</a></span>.
</p>
<h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=c/io&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Binary and text modes">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Binary_and_text_modes">Binary and text modes</span></h4>
<p>A <i>text stream</i> is an ordered sequence of characters composed into lines (zero or more characters plus a terminating <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span></span></span>). Whether the last line requires a terminating <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="st0">'<span class="es1">\n</span>'</span></span></span> is implementation-defined. Characters may have to be added, altered, or deleted on input and output to conform to the conventions for representing text in the OS (in particular, C streams on Windows OS convert <code>\n</code> to <code>\r\n</code> on output, and convert <code>\r\n</code> to <code>\n</code> on input)
</p><p>Data read in from a text stream is guaranteed to compare equal to the data that were earlier written out to that stream only if all of the following is true:
</p>
<ul><li> the data consist only of printing characters and the control characters <code>\t</code> and <code>\n</code> (in particular, on Windows OS, the character <code>'\0x1A'</code> terminates input)
</li><li> no \n is immediately preceded by a space character (space characters that are written out immediately before a \n may disappear when read)
</li><li> the last character is \n
</li></ul>
<p>A <i>binary stream</i> is an ordered sequence of characters that can transparently record internal data. Data read in from a binary stream always equals to the data that were earlier written out to that stream. Implementations are only allowed to append a number of null characters to the end of the stream. A wide binary stream doesn't need to end in the initial shift state.
</p><p>POSIX implementations do not distinguish between text and binary streams (there is no special mapping for \n or any other characters)
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=c/io&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Functions">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Functions">Functions</span></h3>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
<tr>
<td colspan="2"> <h5> <span class="mw-headline" id="File_access"> File access </span></h5>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
<td colspan="2"> <div>Defined in header <code><stdio.h></code> </div>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/fopen.html" title="c/io/fopen"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fopen</span><span>fopen_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> opens a file <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_fopen&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/freopen.html" title="c/io/freopen"> <span class="t-lines"><span>freopen</span><span>freopen_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> open an existing stream with a different name <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_freopen&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/fclose.html" title="c/io/fclose"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fclose</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> closes a file <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_fclose&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/fflush.html" title="c/io/fflush"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fflush</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> synchronizes an output stream with the actual file <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_fflush&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/setbuf.html" title="c/io/setbuf"> <span class="t-lines"><span>setbuf</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> sets the buffer for a file stream <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_setbuf&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/setvbuf.html" title="c/io/setvbuf"> <span class="t-lines"><span>setvbuf</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> sets the buffer and its size for a file stream <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_setvbuf&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
<td colspan="2"> <div>Defined in header <code><wchar.h></code> </div>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/fwide.html" title="c/io/fwide"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fwide</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> switches a file stream between wide character I/O and narrow character I/O <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_fwide&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"> <h5> <span class="mw-headline" id="Direct_input.2Foutput"> Direct input/output </span></h5>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
<td colspan="2"> <div>Defined in header <code><stdio.h></code> </div>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/fread.html" title="c/io/fread"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fread</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> reads from a file <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_fread&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/fwrite.html" title="c/io/fwrite"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fwrite</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> writes to a file <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_fwrite&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"> <h5> <span class="mw-headline" id="Unformatted_input.2Foutput"> Unformatted input/output </span></h5>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"> <h5> <span class="mw-headline" id="Narrow_character"> <span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">Narrow character</span> </span></h5>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
<td colspan="2"> <div>Defined in header <code><stdio.h></code> </div>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/fgetc.html" title="c/io/fgetc"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fgetc</span><span>getc</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> gets a character from a file stream <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_fgetc&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/fgets.html" title="c/io/fgets"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fgets</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> gets a character string from a file stream <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_fgets&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/fputc.html" title="c/io/fputc"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fputc</span><span>putc</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> writes a character to a file stream <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_fputc&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/fputs.html" title="c/io/fputs"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fputs</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> writes a character string to a file stream <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_fputs&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/getchar.html" title="c/io/getchar"> <span class="t-lines"><span>getchar</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> reads a character from <span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">stdin</strong></span> <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_getchar&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/gets.html" title="c/io/gets"> <span class="t-lines"><span>gets</span><span>gets_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-c11">(until C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(since C11)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> reads a character string from <code>stdin</code> <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_gets&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/putchar.html" title="c/io/putchar"> <span class="t-lines"><span>putchar</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> writes a character to <code>stdout</code> <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_putchar&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/puts.html" title="c/io/puts"> <span class="t-lines"><span>puts</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> writes a character string to <span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">stdout</strong></span> <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_puts&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/ungetc.html" title="c/io/ungetc"> <span class="t-lines"><span>ungetc</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> puts a character back into a file stream <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_ungetc&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"> <h5> <span class="mw-headline" id="Wide_character"> <span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">Wide character</span> </span></h5>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
<td colspan="2"> <div>Defined in header <code><wchar.h></code> </div>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/fgetwc.html" title="c/io/fgetwc"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fgetwc</span><span>getwc</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> gets a wide character from a file stream <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_fgetwc&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/fgetws.html" title="c/io/fgetws"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fgetws</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> gets a wide string from a file stream <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_fgetws&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/fputwc.html" title="c/io/fputwc"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fputwc</span><span>putwc</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> writes a wide character to a file stream <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_fputwc&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/fputws.html" title="c/io/fputws"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fputws</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> writes a wide string to a file stream <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_fputws&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/getwchar.html" title="c/io/getwchar"> <span class="t-lines"><span>getwchar</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> reads a wide character from <code>stdin</code> <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_getwchar&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/putwchar.html" title="c/io/putwchar"> <span class="t-lines"><span>putwchar</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> writes a wide character to <span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">stdout</strong></span> <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_putwchar&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/ungetwc.html" title="c/io/ungetwc"> <span class="t-lines"><span>ungetwc</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> puts a wide character back into a file stream <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_ungetwc&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"> <h5> <span class="mw-headline" id="Formatted_input.2Foutput"> Formatted input/output </span></h5>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"> <h5> <span class="mw-headline" id="Narrow_character_2"> <span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">Narrow character</span> </span></h5>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
<td colspan="2"> <div>Defined in header <code><stdio.h></code> </div>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/fscanf.html" title="c/io/fscanf"> <span class="t-lines"><span>scanf</span><span>fscanf</span><span>sscanf</span><span>scanf_s</span><span>fscanf_s</span><span>sscanf_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> reads formatted input from <span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">stdin</strong></span>, a file stream or a buffer <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_fscanf&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/vfscanf.html" title="c/io/vfscanf"> <span class="t-lines"><span>vscanf</span><span>vfscanf</span><span>vsscanf</span><span>vscanf_s</span><span>vfscanf_s</span><span>vsscanf_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> reads formatted input from <span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">stdin</strong></span>, a file stream or a buffer<br /> using variable argument list <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_vfscanf&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/fprintf.html" title="c/io/fprintf"> <span class="t-lines"><span>printf</span><span>fprintf</span><span>sprintf</span><span>snprintf</span><span>printf_s</span><span>fprintf_s</span><span>sprintf_s</span><span>snprintf_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> prints formatted output to <span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">stdout</strong></span>, a file stream or a buffer <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_fprintf&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/vfprintf.html" title="c/io/vfprintf"> <span class="t-lines"><span>vprintf</span><span>vfprintf</span><span>vsprintf</span><span>vsnprintf</span><span>vprintf_s</span><span>vfprintf_s</span><span>vsprintf_s</span><span>vsnprintf_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> prints formatted output to <span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">stdout</strong></span>, a file stream or a buffer<br /> using variable argument list <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_vfprintf&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"> <h5> <span class="mw-headline" id="Wide_character_2"> <span style="font-size:0.7em; line-height:130%">Wide character</span> </span></h5>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
<td colspan="2"> <div>Defined in header <code><wchar.h></code> </div>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/fwscanf.html" title="c/io/fwscanf"> <span class="t-lines"><span>wscanf</span><span>fwscanf</span><span>swscanf</span><span>wscanf_s</span><span>fwscanf_s</span><span>swscanf_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> reads formatted wide character input from <span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">stdin</strong></span>, a file stream or a buffer <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_fwscanf&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/vfwscanf.html" title="c/io/vfwscanf"> <span class="t-lines"><span>vwscanf</span><span>vfwscanf</span><span>vswscanf</span><span>vwscanf_s</span><span>vfwscanf_s</span><span>vswscanf_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> reads formatted wide character input from <span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">stdin</strong></span>, a file stream<br /> or a buffer using variable argument list <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_vfwscanf&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/fwprintf.html" title="c/io/fwprintf"> <span class="t-lines"><span>wprintf</span><span>fwprintf</span><span>swprintf</span><span>wprintf_s</span><span>fwprintf_s</span><span>swprintf_s</span><span>snwprintf_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> prints formatted wide character output to <span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">stdout</strong></span>, a file stream or a buffer <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_fwprintf&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/vfwprintf.html" title="c/io/vfwprintf"> <span class="t-lines"><span>vwprintf</span><span>vfwprintf</span><span>vswprintf</span><span>vwprintf_s</span><span>vfwprintf_s</span><span>vswprintf_s</span><span>vsnwprintf_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> prints formatted wide character output to <span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">stdout</strong></span>, a file stream<br /> or a buffer using variable argument list <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_vfwprintf&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"> <h5> <span class="mw-headline" id="File_positioning"> File positioning </span></h5>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
<td colspan="2"> <div>Defined in header <code><stdio.h></code> </div>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/ftell.html" title="c/io/ftell"> <span class="t-lines"><span>ftell</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> returns the current file position indicator <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_ftell&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/fgetpos.html" title="c/io/fgetpos"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fgetpos</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> gets the file position indicator <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_fgetpos&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/fseek.html" title="c/io/fseek"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fseek</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> moves the file position indicator to a specific location in a file <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_fseek&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/fsetpos.html" title="c/io/fsetpos"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fsetpos</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> moves the file position indicator to a specific location in a file <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_fsetpos&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/rewind.html" title="c/io/rewind"> <span class="t-lines"><span>rewind</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> moves the file position indicator to the beginning in a file <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_rewind&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"> <h5> <span class="mw-headline" id="Error_handling"> Error handling </span></h5>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
<td colspan="2"> <div>Defined in header <code><stdio.h></code> </div>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/clearerr.html" title="c/io/clearerr"> <span class="t-lines"><span>clearerr</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> clears errors <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_clearerr&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/feof.html" title="c/io/feof"> <span class="t-lines"><span>feof</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> checks for the end-of-file <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_feof&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/ferror.html" title="c/io/ferror"> <span class="t-lines"><span>ferror</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> checks for a file error <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_ferror&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/perror.html" title="c/io/perror"> <span class="t-lines"><span>perror</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> displays a character string corresponding of the current error to <span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">stderr</strong></span> <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_perror&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"> <h5> <span class="mw-headline" id="Operations_on_files"> Operations on files </span></h5>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
<td colspan="2"> <div>Defined in header <code><stdio.h></code> </div>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/remove.html" title="c/io/remove"> <span class="t-lines"><span>remove</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> erases a file <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_remove&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/rename.html" title="c/io/rename"> <span class="t-lines"><span>rename</span></span></a></div></div>
</td>
<td> renames a file <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_rename&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/tmpfile.html" title="c/io/tmpfile"> <span class="t-lines"><span>tmpfile</span><span>tmpfile_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> returns a pointer to a temporary file <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_tmpfile&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="io/tmpnam.html" title="c/io/tmpnam"> <span class="t-lines"><span>tmpnam</span><span>tmpnam_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> returns a unique filename <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/io/dsc_tmpnam&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
</table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=c/io&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Types">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Types">Types</span></h3>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
<td colspan="2"> <div>Defined in header <code><stdio.h></code> </div>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc-hitem">
<td> Type
</td>
<td> Definition
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">FILE</strong></span>
</td>
<td> type, capable of holding all information needed to control a C I/O stream
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <span class="t-lc"><strong class="selflink">fpos_t</strong></span>
</td>
<td> type, capable of uniquely specifying a position and mutibyte parser state in a file
</td></tr>
</table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=c/io&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Macros">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Macros">Macros</span></h3>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
<td colspan="2"> <div>Defined in header <code><stdio.h></code> </div>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><span class="t-lines"><span>stdin</span><span>stdout</span><span>stderr</span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> expression of type FILE* associated with the input stream<br />expression of type FILE* associated with the output stream<br />expression of type FILE* associated with the error output stream <br /> <span class="t-mark">(macro constant)</span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><span class="t-lines"><span>EOF</span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> integer constant expression of type <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">int</span></span></span> and negative value <br /> <span class="t-mark">(macro constant)</span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><span class="t-lines"><span>FOPEN_MAX</span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> number of files that can be open simultaneously <br /> <span class="t-mark">(macro constant)</span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><span class="t-lines"><span>FILENAME_MAX</span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> size needed for an array of char to hold the longest supported file name <br /> <span class="t-mark">(macro constant)</span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><span class="t-lines"><span>BUFSIZ</span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> size of the buffer used by setbuf() <br /> <span class="t-mark">(macro constant)</span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><span class="t-lines"><span>_IOFBF</span><span>_IOLBF</span><span>_IONBF</span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> argument to setvbuf() indicating fully buffered I/O<br />argument to setvbuf() indicating line buffered I/O<br />argument to setvbuf() indicating unbuffered I/O <br /> <span class="t-mark">(macro constant)</span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><span class="t-lines"><span>SEEK_SET</span><span>SEEK_CUR</span><span>SEEK_END</span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> argument to fseek() indicating seeking from beginning of the file<br />argument to fseek() indicating seeking from the current file position<br />argument to fseek() indicating seeking from end of the file <br /> <span class="t-mark">(macro constant)</span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><span class="t-lines"><span>TMP_MAX</span><span>TMP_MAX_S</span></span></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> maximum number of unique filenames that can be generated by <span class="t-lc"><a href="io/tmpnam.html" title="c/io/tmpnam">tmpnam</a></span><br />maximum number of unique filenames that can be generated by <span class="t-lc">tmpnam_s</span> <br /> <span class="t-mark">(macro constant)</span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><span class="t-lines"><span>L_tmpnam</span><span>L_tmpnam_s</span></span></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> size needed for an array of char to hold the result of <span class="t-lc"><a href="io/tmpnam.html" title="c/io/tmpnam">tmpnam</a></span><br />size needed for an array of char to hold the result of <span class="t-lc">tmpnam_s</span> <br /> <span class="t-mark">(macro constant)</span>
</td></tr>
</table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=c/io&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h3>
<div class="t-ref-std-11">
<ul><li> C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 7.21 Input/output <stdio.h> (p: 296-339)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 7.29 Extended multibyte and wide character utilities <wchar.h> (p: 402-446)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 7.31.11 Input/output <stdio.h> (p: 456)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 7.31.16 Extended multibyte and wide character utilities <wchar.h> (p: 456)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li> K.3.5 Input/output <stdio.h> (p: 586-603)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<div class="t-ref-std-c99">
<ul><li> C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 7.19 Input/output <stdio.h> (p: 262-305)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 7.24 Extended multibyte and wide character utilities <wchar.h> (p: 348-392)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 7.26.9 Input/output <stdio.h> (p: 402)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 7.26.12 Extended multibyte and wide character utilities <wchar.h> (p: 402)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<div class="t-ref-std-c89">
<ul><li> C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 4.9 INPUT/OUTPUT <stdio.h>
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 4.13.6 Input/output <stdio.h>
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<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=c/io&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h3>
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<td colspan="2"> <div class="t-dsc-see"><span><a href="../cpp/io/c.html" title="cpp/io/c">C++ documentation</a></span> for <span class="t-dsc-see-tt"><span>C-style file input/output</span></span></div>
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