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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><strong class="selflink"><span class="t-lines"><span>wcstombs</span><span>wcstombs_s</span></span></strong></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="wctob.html" title="c/string/multibyte/wctob"><span class="t-lines"><span>wctob</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="wcrtomb.html" title="c/string/multibyte/wcrtomb"><span class="t-lines"><span>wcrtomb</span><span>wcrtomb_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="wcsrtombs.html" title="c/string/multibyte/wcsrtombs"><span class="t-lines"><span>wcsrtombs</span><span>wcsrtombs_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="mbrlen.html" title="c/string/multibyte/mbrlen"><span class="t-lines"><span>mbrlen</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Types</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="mbstate_t.html" title="c/string/multibyte/mbstate t"><span class="t-lines"><span>mbstate_t</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span></span></div></div></td></tr>
</table></div><div><span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/string/multibyte/navbar_content&action=edit">[edit]</a></span></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div></div>
<table class="t-dcl-begin"><tbody>
<tr class="t-dsc-header">
<td> <div>Defined in header <code><stdlib.h></code>
</div></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody class="t-dcl-rev t-dcl-rev-num"><tr class="t-dcl-rev-aux">
<td></td>
<td rowspan="142">(1)</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl t-until-c99">
<td> <div><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><a href="../../types/size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> wcstombs<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">char</span>          <span class="sy2">*</span>dst, <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">wchar_t</span>          <span class="sy2">*</span>src, <a href="../../types/size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> len <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div></td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
<td> <span class="t-mark">(until C99)</span> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl t-since-c99">
<td> <div><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><a href="../../types/size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> wcstombs<span class="br0">(</span> <span class="kw4">char</span> <span class="sy2">*</span><span class="kw4">restrict</span> dst, <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">wchar_t</span> <span class="sy2">*</span><span class="kw4">restrict</span> src, <a href="../../types/size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> len <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div></td>
<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td>
<td> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(since C99)</span> </td>
</tr>
</tbody><tbody>
<tr class="t-dcl t-since-c11">
<td> <div><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">errno_t wcstombs_s<span class="br0">(</span> <a href="../../types/size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> <span class="sy2">*</span><span class="kw4">restrict</span> retval, <span class="kw4">char</span> <span class="sy2">*</span><span class="kw4">restrict</span> dst, rsize_t dstsz,<br />
                    <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">wchar_t</span> <span class="sy2">*</span><span class="kw4">restrict</span> src, rsize_t len <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></div></td>
<td> (2) </td>
<td> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(since C11)</span> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="t-dcl-sep"><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> Converts a sequence of wide characters from the array whose first element is pointed to by <code>src</code> to its narrow multibyte representation that begins in the initial shift state. Converted characters are stored in the successive elements of the char array pointed to by <code>dst</code>. No more than <code>len</code> bytes are written to the destination array.</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li"></span> Each character is converted as if by a call to <span class="t-lc"><a href="wctomb.html" title="c/string/multibyte/wctomb">wctomb</a></span>, except that the wctomb's conversion state is unaffected. The conversion stops if:</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li"></span> * The null character <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">L<span class="st0">'<span class="es5">\0</span>'</span></span></span> was converted and stored. The bytes stored in this case are the unshift sequence (if necessary) followed by <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="st0">'<span class="es5">\0</span>'</span></span></span>,</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li"></span> * A <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">wchar_t</span></span></span> was found that does not correspond to a valid character in the current C locale.</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li"></span> * The next multibyte character to be stored would exceed <code>len</code>.</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li"></span> If <code>src</code> and <code>dst</code> overlap, the behavior is unspecified.</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> Same as <span class="t-v">(1)</span>, except that</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li"></span> * conversion is as-if by <span class="t-lc"><a href="wcrtomb.html" title="c/string/multibyte/wcrtomb">wcrtomb</a></span>, not <span class="t-lc"><a href="wctomb.html" title="c/string/multibyte/wctomb">wctomb</a></span></div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li"></span> * the function returns its result as an out-parameter <code>retval</code></div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li"></span> * if the conversion stops without writing a null character, the function will store <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="st0">'<span class="es5">\0</span>'</span></span></span> in the next byte in <code>dst</code>, which may be <code>dst[len]</code> or <code>dst[dstsz]]</code>, whichever comes first (meaning up to len+1/dstsz+1 total bytes may be written). In this case, there may be no unshift sequence written before the terminating null.</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li"></span> * if <code>dst</code> is a null pointer, the number of wide characters that would be produced is stored in <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy2">*</span>retval</span></span></div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li"></span> * the function clobbers the destination array from the terminating null and until <code>dstsz</code></div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li"></span> * If <code>src</code> and <code>dst</code> overlap, the behavior is unspecified.</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li"></span> * the following errors are detected at runtime and call the currently installed <a href="../../error/set_constraint_handler_s.html" title="c/error/set constraint handler s">constraint handler</a> function:
<dl><dd><ul><li> <code>retval</code> or <code>src</code> is a null pointer
</li><li> <code>dstsz</code> or <code>len</code> is greater than <span class="t-lc">RSIZE_MAX</span> (unless <code>dst</code> is null)
</li><li> <code>dstsz</code> is not zero (unless <code>dst</code> is null)
</li><li> <code>len</code> is greater than <code>dstsz</code> and the conversion does not encounter null or encoding error in the <code>src</code> array by the time <code>dstsz</code> is reached (unless <code>dst</code> is null)
</li></ul>
</dd><dd>As all bounds-checked functions, <code>wcstombs_s</code> is only guaranteed to be available if <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">__STDC_LIB_EXT1__</span></span> is defined by the implementation and if the user defines <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">__STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__</span></span> to the integer constant <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="nu0">1</span></span></span> before including <code>stdlib.h</code>.</div>
</dd></dl>
<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="wcstombs.html#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="wcstombs.html#Parameters"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Parameters</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="wcstombs.html#Return_value"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Return value</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="wcstombs.html#Example"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Example</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="wcstombs.html#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="wcstombs.html#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=c/string/multibyte/wcstombs&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span></h3>
<p>In most implementations, <code>wcstombs</code> updates a global static object of type <span class="t-lc"><a href="mbstate_t.html" title="c/string/multibyte/mbstate t">mbstate_t</a></span> as it processes through the string, and cannot be called simultaneously by two threads, <span class="t-lc"><a href="wcsrtombs.html" title="c/string/multibyte/wcsrtombs">wcsrtombs</a></span> or <code>wcstombs_s</code> should be used in such cases.
</p><p>POSIX specifies a common extension: if <code>dst</code> is a null pointer, this function returns the number of bytes that would be written to <code>dst</code>, if converted. Similar behavior is standard for <span class="t-lc"><a href="wcsrtombs.html" title="c/string/multibyte/wcsrtombs">wcsrtombs</a></span> and <code>wcstombs_s</code>.
</p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=c/string/multibyte/wcstombs&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Parameters">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Parameters">Parameters</span></h3>
<table class="t-par-begin">
<tr class="t-par">
<td> dst
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td> pointer to narrow character array where the multibyte character will be stored
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td> src
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td> pointer to the first element of a null-terminated wide string to convert
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td> len
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td> number of bytes available in the array pointed to by dst
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td> dstsz
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td> max number of bytes that will be written (size of the <code>dst</code> array)
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td> retval
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td> pointer to a size_t object where the result will be stored
</td></tr></table>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=c/string/multibyte/wcstombs&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Return value">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Return_value">Return value</span></h3>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> On success, returns the number of bytes (including any shift sequences, but excluding the terminating <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="st0">'<span class="es5">\0</span>'</span></span></span>) written to the character array whose first element is pointed to by <code>dst</code>. On conversion error (if invalid wide character was encountered), returns <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="br0">(</span><a href="../../types/size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">1</span></span></span>.</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> Returns zero on success (in which case the number of bytes excluding terminating zero that were, or would be written to <code>dst</code>, is stored in <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy2">*</span>retval</span></span>), non-zero on error. In case of a runtime constraint violation, stores <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="br0">(</span><a href="../../types/size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy2">-</span><span class="nu0">1</span></span></span> in <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy2">*</span>retval</span></span> (unless <code>retval</code> is null) and sets <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">dst<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">0</span><span class="br0">]</span></span></span> to <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="st0">'<span class="es5">\0</span>'</span></span></span> (unless <code>dst</code> is null or <code>dstmax</code> is zero or greater than <span class="t-lc">RSIZE_MAX</span>)</div>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=c/string/multibyte/wcstombs&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Example">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Example">Example</span></h3>
<div class="t-example"><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">Run this code</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="c source-c"><pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include <stdio.h></span>
<span class="co2">#include <stdlib.h></span>
<span class="co2">#include <locale.h></span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
<span class="co1">// 4 wide characters</span>
<span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">wchar_t</span> src<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> L<span class="st0">"z<span class="es3">\u00df</span><span class="es3">\u6c34</span><span class="es4">\U0001f34c</span>"</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="co1">// they occupy 10 bytes in UTF-8</span>
<span class="kw4">char</span> dst<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">11</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<a href="../../locale/setlocale.html"><span class="kw900">setlocale</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><a href="../../locale/LC_categories.html"><span class="kw903">LC_ALL</span></a>, <span class="st0">"en_US.utf8"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="../../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw850">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"wide-character string: '%ls'<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>,src<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><a href="../../types/size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> ndx<span class="sy1">=</span><span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span> ndx <span class="sy1"><</span> <span class="kw4">sizeof</span> src<span class="sy2">/</span><span class="kw4">sizeof</span> src<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">0</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>ndx<span class="br0">)</span>
<a href="../../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw850">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">" src[%2zu] = %#8x<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, ndx, src<span class="br0">[</span>ndx<span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> rtn_val <span class="sy1">=</span> wcstombs<span class="br0">(</span>dst, src, <span class="kw4">sizeof</span> dst<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<a href="../../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw850">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"rtn_val = %d<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, rtn_val<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span>rtn_val <span class="sy1">></span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<a href="../../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw850">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"multibyte string: '%s'<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>,dst<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw1">for</span> <span class="br0">(</span><a href="../../types/size_t.html"><span class="kw100">size_t</span></a> ndx<span class="sy1">=</span><span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span> ndx<span class="sy1"><</span><span class="kw4">sizeof</span> dst<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>ndx<span class="br0">)</span>
<a href="../../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw850">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">" dst[%2zu] = %#2x<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, ndx, <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">unsigned</span> <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="br0">)</span>dst<span class="br0">[</span>ndx<span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p>Output:
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="text source-text"><pre class="de1">wide-character string: 'zß水🍌'
src[ 0] = 0x7a
src[ 1] = 0xdf
src[ 2] = 0x6c34
src[ 3] = 0x1f34c
src[ 4] = 0
rtn_val = 10
multibyte string: 'zß水🍌'
dst[ 0] = 0x7a
dst[ 1] = 0xc3
dst[ 2] = 0x9f
dst[ 3] = 0xe6
dst[ 4] = 0xb0
dst[ 5] = 0xb4
dst[ 6] = 0xf0
dst[ 7] = 0x9f
dst[ 8] = 0x8d
dst[ 9] = 0x8c
dst[10] = 0</pre></div></div>
</div>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=c/string/multibyte/wcstombs&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h3>
<div class="t-ref-std-11">
<ul><li> C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 7.22.8.2 The wcstombs function (p: 360)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li> K.3.6.5.2 The wcstombs_s function (p: 612-614)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<div class="t-ref-std-c99">
<ul><li> C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 7.20.8.2 The wcstombs function (p: 324)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<div class="t-ref-std-c89">
<ul><li> C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 4.10.8.2 The wcstombs function
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=c/string/multibyte/wcstombs&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h3>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="wcsrtombs.html" title="c/string/multibyte/wcsrtombs"> <span class="t-lines"><span>wcsrtombs</span><span>wcsrtombs_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c95">(C95)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> converts a wide string to narrow multibyte character string, given state <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/string/multibyte/dsc_wcsrtombs&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-dsc">
<td> <div class="t-dsc-member-div"><div><a href="mbstowcs.html" title="c/string/multibyte/mbstowcs"> <span class="t-lines"><span>mbstowcs</span><span>mbstowcs_s</span></span></a></div><div><span class="t-lines"><span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div></div>
</td>
<td> converts a narrow multibyte character string to wide string <br /> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span> <span class="editsection noprint plainlinks" title="Edit this template"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=Template:c/string/multibyte/dsc_mbstowcs&action=edit">[edit]</a></span>
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